Management Final

In 1981, ______ championed the forced-ranking system

Jack Welch

Which of these refers to the information society, using knowledge to generate tangible and intangible values?

Knowledge economy

Which of the following models of change proposed an eight-step sequence and relies on a centralized, top-down process for creating change?

Kotter's Change Model

Which of the following models of change proposed the sequence of "Unfreeze, Move, Refreeze"?

Lewin's Change Model

_____ is the technique of making decisions by management and without team involvement.

Managerial intervention

ABC Products has a highly vertical organizational structure that is designed to generate a high degree of standardization and control. ABC Products can be described to have which of these structures?

Mechanistic

_____ technique requires that one team member assumes the role where she or he extracts buried disagreements within the team and sheds the light of day on them. They must have the courage and confidence to call out sensitive issues and force team members to work through them.

Mining

Cassandra is part of a team at ABC Products. She finds that finally, her team has started to build momentum and starts to get results. Cassandra's team can be described as entering which stage of group development?

Performing

Margo's team, at XY Products, is completely self-directed and requires little management direction. Margo's team can be described as operating at which stage of group development?

Performing

_____ change is an intentional activity or set of intentional activities that are designed to create movement toward a specific goal or end.

Planned

_____ is a technique to "recognize when the people engaged in conflict are becoming uncomfortable with the level of discord, and then interrupt to remind them that they are doing what is necessary."

Real-time permission

Which term defines the strategy for selection, recruiting, and hiring processes?

Talent acquisition

The type of leadership most appropriate when major changes are needed in an organization would be:

Transformational

When organizations face a turbulent environment, intense competition, and the need to move fast, the most appropriate leadership would be:

Transformational

According to Alderfer, the more a person satisfies the growth need, the more important it becomes and the more strongly one is motivated to satisfy it.

True

As a general rule of thumb, the more complex the potential change, the greater the need to involve employees in the process of planning and implementing change.

True

Continuous reinforcement can be detrimental in the long run.

True

Talent development and succession planning are two of the most critical human resource management processes within an organization.

True

The unique feature of Herzberg's theory is that job conditions which prevent dissatisfaction do not cause satisfaction.

True

Two of the advantages of diversity include cost advantages and improved resource acquisition.

True

While leaders may be people with the right stuff, effective leadership requires more than simply possessing the correct set of motives and traits.

True

In a conflict situation, which of the following is a destructive and active response?

Winning

_____ occurs when an employee or an applicant is treated unfairly at work or in the job hiring process due to an identity group, condition, or personal characteristic.

Workplace discrimination

Whatever need is motivating a person at a given time is:

a manifest need

Herzberg's theory suggests:

a two-stage process for managing employee satisfaction and satisfaction

If a manager warned an employee not to be late to work again or they would be released, the manager was using:

avoidance learning

Positive mood has been shown to:

be associated with interpersonal competence and more effective functioning as a leader

The need to socialize with other people is:

blurred or difficult to determine

As a manager, which of the following would be most helpful in distinguishing both the intensity and direction components of motivation?

clarification of role perception

Substitutes for leadership behavior can satisfy members, motivate organizational members, or _____.

clarify role expectations

Responses such as perspective taking, creating solutions, expressing emotions, and reaching out are considered _____ responses to conflict.

constructive and active

At the _____ stage of the organizational life cycle, it becomes appropriate to introduce mechanistic structures that support the standardization and formalization required to create effective coordination across the organization.

survival and early success

Talent reviews often employ the use of a(n) ______, which plots employee performance versus employee potential and provides the reviewer with nine distinct options, or boxes, to categorize where the employee is.

9-box template

According to Katzenbach and Smith, people organized to function cooperatively as a group best describes which of the following?

A team

Suzanne wanted to learn about the law that protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older from employment discrimination based on age. She should read up on which of the following

ADEA of 1967

Which of these represents when leaders assume that employees will change if they can be inspired to aim for greater degrees of excellence in their work?

Abundance-based change

In a conflict situation, which of the following is a constructive and passive response?

Adapting

Which of the following represents a model specifically designed as an abundance-based, bottom-up, positive approach?

Appreciative Inquiry (AI) Model

Which legislation established the minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards?

FLSA of 1938

______ entitles eligible employees to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave in a 12-month period for specified family and medical reasons.

FMLA of 1993

Alderfer's ERG theory compresses Maslow's five categories into three needs of existence, growth, and individual power needs.

False

Compensation and benefits are the two elements that make up the total reward strategy used by organizations to attract, motivate, retain and engage employees.

False

Discrimination is a term that has been used to describe a situation in which dominant group members perceive that they are experiencing discrimination based on their race or sex.

False

Four different drives that underlie motivation include the drives to acquire, enjoy, expand, and defend.

False

Organizations have two types of leaders: task and maintenance.

False

Performance management began as a simple tool used for employee development

False

Which of the following is known as the "polite stage"?

Forming

Teams work best when they have a compelling reason for being, and it is thus more likely that the teams will be successful and live up to performance expectations.

True

The difference of direct versus indirect communication, in managing multicultural teams, can cause conflict because, at the extreme, the direct style may be considered offensive by some, while the indirect style may be perceived as unproductive and passive-aggressive in team interactions.

True

XY Deliveries, a package delivery company, is organizes as XY North, XY South, XY East, XY West, and XY Central divisions in the United States. Which of the following best describes the structure at XY Deliveries?

Geographic structure

The attractiveness of an alternate target or direction in expectancy theory is based on:

Hedonism

In which stage does the attitude about the team and the project begin to shift to negative, and frustration about goals, tasks, and progress occurs?

Storming

Which of the following is known as the "win-lose" stage?

Storming

Which stage involves the members clashing for control of the group and people beginning to choose sides?

Storming

When people are among _____ teammates, the team is susceptible to groupthink.

homogeneous and like-minded

During the performing stage, the team is starting to work well together, and buy-in to group goals occurs. The team is establishing and maintaining ground rules and boundaries, and there is willingness to share responsibility and control.

False

Which of these suggests that multiple perspectives stemming from the cultural differences between group or organizational members result in creative problem solving and innovation?

Cognitive diversity hypothesis

_____ is a competency and a skill that enables individuals to function effectively in cross-cultural environments.

Cultural intelligence

Which term includes traits that are nonobservable such as attitudes, values, and beliefs?

Deep-level diversity

_____ represents the degree to which employees are accepted and treated fairly by their organization.

Inclusion

______ is the process for reviewing key roles and determining the readiness levels of potential internal and external candidates to fill these roles.

Succession planning

_____ change is unintentional and is usually the result of informal organizing.

Unplanned

The approach to leadership which states group effectiveness is a result of the match between the leader's disposition toward others and the situation is the:

contingency approach

The _____ is characterized by a commitment to equal opportunities in hiring and promotions, and does not directly link a work group's productivity or success with diversity.

discrimination-and-fairness perspective

The _____ suggests that the different life experiences, skills, and perspectives that members of diverse cultural identity groups possess can be a valuable resource in the context of work groups.

integration-and-learning perspective

The great man theory of leadership basically states that:

leaders are born

Two important group outcomes or consequences of the interactive process that unfolds between a leader, follower, and the situation, include:

task performance and group maintenance

The starting point for the development of the study of leadership began with:

the great man theory

Unfortunately, research has shown that racially diverse firms have poorer financial performance than more homogeneous firms.

False

Which of the following describes an officially defined set of relationships, responsibilities, and connections that exist across an organization?

Formal organization

Jamal is always telling lewd jokes and is known for making offensive comments about women in general. Jamal can be considered as creating which of these?

Hostile environment

The skills knowledge, and experience of an individual or group and its value to an organization refers to ______.

Human Capital

The simplest of all motivation theories is probably:

Operant Conditioning Theory

_____ refers to the constant shifts that occur within an organizational system.

Organizational change

Which act prohibits any discrimination as it relates to pregnancy, including hiring, firing, compensation, training, job assignment, insurance, or any other employment conditions?

PDA

ABC Motors, a car manufacturing company, is organized in four divisions according to the four different models of the vehicle they produce. Which of the following best describes the structure at ABC Motor?

Product structure

Which of these demonstrates how a diverse workforce can create a sustainable competitive advantage for organizations?

Resource-based view

The degree to which people are organized into subunits according to their expertise is referred to as:

Specialization.

Which of the following represents the changes in the overall formal relationships, or the architecture of relationships, within an organization?

Structural change

Performance management can be tracked back to which of these?

The U.S. military's merit rating system

Best practices for effective recruiting of key leadership hires suggest that every two to three years there should be a review of high-level leadership requirements based on the strategic plan.

True

In Fiedler's contingency model of leadership situational favorableness refers to the degree to which a leader can control and influence the group process.

True

Leaders who rely upon reward power develop followers who are very measured in their response.

True

The human motivation model that states people are affected by the outcomes they receive for their inputs based on a comparison of the outcomes and inputs of other people is called:

equity theory

Research evidence suggests that which one of the following bases of power is the most effective in terms of its impact upon follower commitment, motivation, performance, satisfaction, and group effectiveness?

expert

Which of the following is most true with respect to our understanding of leadership in multi-cultural work settings?

the existing evidence suggests that there are similarities as well as differences in the impact of leadership styles, influence attempts, and the formality of relationships

Operant conditioning focuses on:

the learning of voluntary behaviors

Which term describes discrimination that manifests itself in ways that are not visible or readily identifiable, yet is serious because it can impact interpersonal interactions between employees, employees and customers, and other important workplace relationships?

Covert

The intention to exert effort in order to achieve a goal or target refers to what component of motivation?

Direction

A force within or outside of the body that energizes, directs, and sustains behavior is known as:

motivation

Which of the following models of leadership suggests the motivational function of the leader consists of increasing personal payoffs to organizational members for work attainment and reducing barriers so employees can be more successful?

path-goal

The assumptions of expectancy theory regarding people include:

rationality and hedonism

When followers' form of compliance is one of "how much am I getting," or "how much should I give," the base of power is probably:

reward power

An overriding principle of Maslow's theory of needs is:

that a person's direction and intensity will be focused on satisfying the lowest level need that is not currently satisfied

With respect to the LPC scale portion of Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, which of the following statements is most accurate?

the LPC score actually reflects the leader's tendency for relationship vs. task-oriented behaviors

A major influence on whether a response will be repeated the next time the stimulus is presented is:

the experienced consequence

Transformational change refers to small refinements in current organizational practices or routines that do not challenge, but rather build on or improve, existing aspects and practices within the organization.

False

Using Herzberg's theory to guide you, which of the following would result in higher work motivation and satisfaction?

First address hygiene factors and then proceed to motivator needs.

Which is an invisible barrier based on the prejudicial beliefs that underlie organizational decisions that prevent women from moving beyond certain levels within a company?

Glass ceiling

A dysfunction in decision-making that occurs in homogeneous groups as a result of group pressures and group members' desire for conformity and consensus is called _____.

Groupthink

Culture change, among the most difficult kinds of changes to create within an organization system, often involves reshaping and reimagining the core identity of the organization.

True

Followers who are poor performers tend to cause leaders to be less warm in their relationship and to be more directive.

True

From its earliest inception as a primarily compliance-type function, human management has further expanded and evolved into its current state as a key human capital development/

True

Within an organization, the primary lever to address the drive to ______ is job design, and the actions are to design jobs that have distinct and important roles in the organization, as well as jobs that are meaningful and foster a sense of contribution.

Comprehend

Leaders who stem from the dynamics and processes that unfold within and amongst a group of individuals as they work on the achievement of a collective goal are called:

Emergent Leaders

Which of the following argues that organizations exist as socially constructed systems in which people are constantly making sense of and enacting an organizational reality as they interact with others in a system?

Emergent approach

The EEOC was created by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the primary goal of making it illegal to discriminate against someone in the workplace due to their race, national origin, sex, disability, religion, or pregnancy status.

True

The informal organization is emergent, meaning that it is formed through the common conversations and relationships that often naturally occur as people interact with one another in their day-to-day relationships.

True

According to Professor Conger of McGill University, a strategic opportunist is:

an organizational visionary

According to Nohria, Groysberg, and Lee, within an organization, the primary lever to address the drive to ______ is the reward system.

Aquire

Behavioral event interviews should be conducted during which step for effective recruiting of key leadership hires?

Assess the candidates

Which term describes a stereotype that portrays Asian men and women as obedient and successful and is often used to justify socioeconomic disparities between other racial minority groups?

Model minority myth

______ extends rights to many private-sector employees, including the right to organize and bargain with their employer collectively.

NLRA of 1947

_____ discrimination describes a situation in which people are employed but are treated differently while employed, mainly by receiving different and unequal job-related opportunities or rewards.

Treatment

Jay Patel is the HR manager at BNB Manufacturing. Jay wants to establish the pay-for-performance structure at BNB. In these efforts, Jays boss tells him to include the design of a merit matrix that ties employee annual pay increases to performances as well as the design of a short-term bonus matrix and a long term bonus pay-for-performance strategy. Jay should focus on which of the following steps.

Update compensation processes with new pay-for-performance elements

Which of these terms is often used to reflect ways in which organizations show appreciation for diversity among job applicants, employees, and customers?

Valuing diversity

The two major sets of motivation models or theories of motivation are called:

content and process theories