MANAGEMENT FINAL - LEWIS
Which of the following is an example of a situational theory of leadership?
Fiedler's contingency theory
Which of the following statements about the two basic leader behaviors that are central to successful leadership is true?
These behaviors are independent, meaning that leaders can do both at the same time.
Which of the following statements about the two basic leader behaviors that are central to successful leadership is true?
These behaviors are referred to as initiating structure and consideration.
____ is based on an exchange process, in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance.
Transactional leadership
The auto industry has been perfecting the internal combustion engine (ICE) for some 120 years. The Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV), a cooperative program between the Big Three and the U.S. government to replace ICEs with electric engines, has been operating since 1993. The internal combustion engine (ICE) is an example of ____.
a dominant design
Organizational development ____.
a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions designed to improve an organization's long-term health and performance
____ is the emotional reaction that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional.
a-type conflict
Which of the following statements describes an advantage of the results-driven change approach to managing change?
a. It supplants the sole emphasis on activity with a focus on quickly measuring and improving results. b. Managers actually test to see if changes make a difference. c. Quick, visible improvements motivate employees to continue to make additional changes. d. Managers introduce changes in policies, procedures, rules, and regulations only when they will improve measured performance. ALL OF THESE
Transformational leaders ____.
a. are able to make their followers feel they are a vital part of the organization b. encourage followers to make sacrifices for the organization c. help followers see how their jobs fit with the organization's vision d. get employees to see beyond their own needs for the good of the group E. ARE ACCURATELY DESCRIBED BY ALL OF THESE
Downsizing has thinned the ranks of hospital personnel. Hospital employees were adamantly resisting any more change. What method could hospital administrators use to manage this resistance?
a. educate employees about the need for change b. let the employees participate in implementing the change process c. provide significant managerial support d. let employees discuss and agree on who will do what after change occurs E. ANY OR ALL OF THESE
Successful business leaders are not like other people. Successful business leaders ____.
a. have a desire to lead b. have emotional stability c. are knowledgeable about business d. are self-confident E. ARE ACCURATELY DESCRIBED BY ALL OF THESE
Which of the following leadership theories assumes that leadership styles are consistent and difficult to change?
a. path-goal theory b. normative decision theory c. the Vroom theory d. the status quo theory of leadership E. NONE OF THESE
Ford Motor Company has always attracted and nurtured capable managers, but it has failed to do the same for leaders. Ford is embarking on a sweeping attempt to mass-manufacture leaders. It wants to build an army of "warrior-entrepreneurs." Ford's "warrior- entrepreneurs" will be expected to ____.
a. take a long-term perspective b. inspire and motivate employees to embrace change c. realize that results are more important than processes d. be architects rather than builders E. DO ALL OF THESE THINGS
Organizational development ____.
a. takes a long-range approach to change b. creates change by educating workers and managers to change ideas, beliefs, and behaviors so that problems can be solved in new ways c. assumes that top management support is necessary for change d. emphasizes employee participation in all stages of the change c. assumes that top management support is necessary for change d. emphasizes employee participation in all stages of the change ALL OF THESE
Companies whose executives do not try to motivate employees to create long-term solutions to the problems facing the companies are most likely ________.
are more than likely managers rather than leaders
Charismatic leaders generally ____.
articulate a vision based on strongly held values
In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance ____.
at both the beginning and end of the cycle
In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research, and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance when performance limits of the technology are reached ____.
at the end of the cycle
A(n) ____ is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort.
change agent
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic methods for managing resistance to change?
change simulation
It is appropriate to use a(n) ____ approach to manage innovation in more certain environments during periods of incremental change, in which the goals are lower costs and incremental improvements in the performance and function of the existing technological design.
compression
The author of The Science of Good and Evil describes his meeting with the founders of Google in the book. He described them as visionary leaders, which means their primary goal for being in business is to ____.
create a positive image of the future
Kodak is a company associated with photography and has decided to become a market leader in digital imaging. Kodak can encourage the development of a culture where workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed by offering challenging work and supervisory encouragement. In other words, the company can create a(n) ____.
creative work environment
____ is the process of choosing a solution from available alternatives.
decision making
Which one of the following traits refers to high levels of effort and is characterized by achievement, motivation, ambition, energy, tenacity, and initiative?
drive
Titleist has been manufacturing golf balls for several years, but each year it comes out with new golf ball designs. Titleist's development of the new Pro VI golf ball with a solid core designed to benefit players with high swing speeds is one example of how the manufacturer survives through ____.
incremental change
Transformational leaders that pay special attention to followers' individual needs by creating learning opportunities, accepting and tolerating individual differences, encouraging two-way communication, and practice being a good listener describes the component of transformational leadership known as ____?
individualized consideration
College football coaching requires that coaches design every facet of practices, set goals for their players, determine schedules, and even direct all of the plays during the games. College football coaching uses ____ type of managing.
initiating structure
Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' ____ than their job satisfaction.
job performance
To save a company from bankruptcy, its CEO told its employees that he would eliminate 53 percent of the company's mechanics and reduce the compensation of the remaining mechanics by 26 percent. In terms of the normative decision theory, Steenland ____.
made autocratic decisions
Which of the following approaches is aimed at changing large systems, small groups, or individuals?
organizational development
Which of the following statements about leaders and managers is true?
organizations need both leaders and managers
The first step in the compression approach to innovation is ____.
planning
Which of the following is a disadvantage of face-to-face brainstorming that is overcome by electronic brainstorming?
production blocking
The use of milestones in the experiential approach to innovation ____.
provides structure to the general chaos that follows technological discontinuities, shortens the innovation process, builds momentum by giving people a sense of accomplishment, lets an organization know when to take corrective action
____ is a systematic process of defining problems, evaluating alternatives, and choosing optimal solutions.
rational decision making
____ forces support the status quo.
resistance
The use of milestones in the experiential approach to innovation ____.
shortens the innovation process
Which of the following is NOT a component of transformational leadership?
supportive influence
In order from beginning to end, the phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream consist of ____.
technological discontinuity, discontinuous change, dominant design, and incremental change
According to an article from CIO Magazine, "Leadership grows from courage and integrity." From this opening statement, you know the article will discuss leadership from the ____.
trait theory viewpoint
As CEO of UPS, Michael Eskew transformed the company from a package delivery service to a logistics expert so it could serve as a traffic manager for corporate America. As a transformational manager, Eskew ____.
used intellectual stimulation to encourage his employees to take innovative approaches to problem solving
____ are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.
Creative work environments
Which of the following is the best leadership style for all situations?
No leadership style is the one best way under any and all situations.
Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true?
Resistance to change will always occur; it is inevitable.
____ is leadership that creates a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and provides direction for future planning and goal setting.
Visionary leadership
Which of the following leadership theories uses a decision tree to determine the appropriate level of participation by subordinates in decision-making?
Vroom-Yetton-Jago's normative decision mode
During his tenure as the CEO of Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB), John Mack turned the money-losing bank into a profitable firm by "goading workers to move out of their comfort zones" and setting challenging goals for them. His high expectation for his employees indicates that Mack used a(n) ____ leadership style.
achievement-oriented
The founder and CEO of a medical products distributor, establishes ambitious goals for his employees and is confident that they will be able to achieve these goals. In terms of the path-goal theory, this founder and CEO is exhibiting a(n) ____ type of leadership.
achievement-oriented
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, ____ means setting challenging goals, having high expectations of employees, and displaying confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort.
achievement-oriented leadership
When significant improvements in performance can ONLY be gained through radical new designs or new performance-enhancing materials, it is likely that a company is ____ in the S-curve pattern of innovation.
at the end of the innovation style
In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, small amounts of effort will result in significant increases in performance ____.
at the midpoint of the cycle
Tom Valerio was the point man on a major push to reinvent CIGNA Property & Casualty. His vision for CIGNA was to become a top- quartile, specialist property and casualty company. It was a radical proposition. Valerio was a(n) ____.
change agent
According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, ____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time, while ____ support the status quo, or the existing state of conditions in an organization.
change forces; resistance forces
Tom Valerio was the point man on a major push to reinvent CIGNA Property & Casualty. His vision for CIGNA was to become a top- quartile, specialist property and casualty company. It was a radical proposition. During the organizational change, having this vision was especially important during the ____ stage.
change intervention
Which of the following is NOT one of the four leadership styles identified in the path-goal theory of leadership?
charismatic
David Koresh was the leader of a religious sect called the Branch Davidians. In 1993 a stand-off between federal agents and the Branch Davidian;s insider their compound resulted in the deaths of approximately 80, including their leader, David Koresh, who had declared himself the "new messiah". David Koresh used what type of leadership to create the strong relationships between him and his followers?
charismatic leadership
____ refers to the behavioral tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders that create an exceptionally strong relationship between them and their followers
charismatic leadership
The two types of visionary leadership are ____.
charismatic leadership and transformational leadership
Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?
coercion
ARI is a leading provider of sales and profit-building technology services for equipment dealers. When Unverferth Manufacturing, a supplier of agricultural equipment, wanted to change the way it supplied information it contacted ARI. ARI presented the manufacturer with a solution that allowed it to replace its paper catalogs with online catalogs. As a result, Unverferth was able to eliminate costly paper catalogs and gain the ability to provide up-to-the-minute information to its dealers. This incremental change that was aided by supplier involvement was an example of the ____ approach to innovation.
compression
The ____ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.
compression
Which of the following is another term for considerate leadership behavior?
concern for people
Which of the following is another term for initiating structure leadership behavior?
concern for production
A CEO who tours company plants to meet and talk to employees at all levels in order to better understand their concerns and feelings is demonstrating which type of leader behavior?
consideration
Doris Cunningham, CEO of Members Choice Federal Credit Union in West Virginia, believes keeping staff excited about the business they're in is one of a leader's primary roles. She believes a spirit of enthusiasm must start at the top. This indicates that Cunningham is high in ____.
consideration
Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions and treats her employees as equals. McLaughlin is demonstrating ____.
consideration
In terms of leadership behavior, the term ____ refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.
consideration
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research has made a study of how important it is for military leaders to be friendly with and to show concern for their troops. Its research shows that a leadership behavior high in ____ positively influences soldiers and their ability to adapt to stressful environments.
consideration
In many organizations, sales managers develop companywide sales forecasts by asking members of the sales force to decide how much growth they anticipate in their individual sales territories. Sales managers then take the input from the individual salespeople and create the companywide sales forecasts based on this information. In the normative decision model, this would be an example of a(n) ____ decision-making style.
consultative
W. L. Gore is the company that created Gore-Tex among many other innovative products. W.L.Gore employees (known as associates) don't have titles or bosses in the traditional sense. Instead, associates make commitments to work on projects that they believe are most worthy of their time. At W.L. Gore, few leaders are appointed; leaders simply emerge as needed by the other employees or the project itself. The Gore company more than likely adheres to the ____ theory of leadership.
contingency
A technology ____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.
cycle
Neither Chile nor Peru have a mass-market café culture, but that fact has not stopped Starbucks from engaging in ____ to determine how best to expand into those markets.
decision making
According to John Kotter, which of the following actions will adversely influence refreezing efforts?
declaring victory too soon
The nominal group technique improves group decision making by ____.
decreasing a-type conflict
The ____ is a decision-making method in which a panel of experts responds to questions and to each other until an agreement is reached on how a specific issue should be handled.
delphi technique
Kodak is a company associated with photography. The company has recognized that digital photography is a threat to the future growth of the company. Therefore, the company has decided to become a market leader in digital imaging while still providing customer support for people still using film cameras. The existence of both technologies is an example of ____.
design competition
Covisint is an e-commerce venture involving many car manufacturers that allows carmakers access to online auctions for buying component parts and materials. Because the idea of such a Web site was a new concept, the prototype site was built and tested, then revised and rebuilt for further testing before the Web site was ever offered to customers. The management concept of ____ was used to develop Covisint.
design iteration
Unverferth Manufacturing has been a manufacturer and supplier of innovative agricultural equipment since 1948. Recently it began developing a new 12-row subsoiler, which prepares 10-inch-wide seed beds spaced 40 inches apart. Before introducing the new tiller to the market, Unverferth developed and tested nearly three dozen product prototypes. Unverferth used ____ to produce the best possible tiller before introducing it to the market.
design iteration
What is the first step for managing innovation during discontinuous change?
design iteration
The ____ approach to decision-making is a method in which an individual or a subgroup is assigned the role of a critic.
devil's advocacy
Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' performances than their job satisfaction. From this information, what type of leadership style is being used?
directive
Under the leadership of Michael Eisner, The Walt Disney Company developed an "executive-centric, Eisner-centric culture"— whatever Eisner wanted to happen, he made happen. In terms of the path-goal theory, Eisner used a(n) ____ leadership style to improve Disney's profitability.
directive
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what type of leadership is being practiced that involves letting employees know precisely what is expected of them, giving them specific guidelines for performing tasks, scheduling work, setting standards of performance, and making sure that people follow standard rules and regulations.
directive leadership
Kodak is a company associated with photography. The company has recognized that digital photography is a threat to the future growth of the company's film business. Therefore, the company has decided to become a market leader in digital imaging. As Kodak tried to compete in this new innovation stream, it entered ____.
discontinuous change
When a U.S. automaker learned that it took longer than any other U.S. car manufacturer to assemble a vehicle, it purchased newer, more flexible manufacturing systems to replace its older ones. Which stage of the technology cycle did it enter?
discontinuous change
____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition.
discontinuous change
When resistance to change is based on insufficient, incorrect, or misleading information, managers should use ____ as an approach to manage resistance.
education and communication
Which of the following traits refers to the tendency of leaders to remain even-tempered and consistent in their outlook and the way they treat others even when things go wrong?
emotional stability
Which of the following is another term for considerate leadership behavior?
employee-centered leadership
There are eight general steps for organizational development intervention. The first step is ____.
entry
Hewlett-Packard is currently exploring new products and markets through the development of digital imaging products in its plants in India, South Africa, and the United States. To jump-start this innovative process, Hewlett-Packard can ____ across all of its plants around the world.
establish creative work environments
The two kinds of charismatic leaders are referred to as ____.
ethical charismatics and unethical charismatics
As a company that manufactures janitorial cleaning supplies tries to develop more environmentally -friendly products that can clean as well as its current ones, the company's manager must select among alternatives derived from oranges, parsley, lemon, or a combination of these ingredients. This is the ____ step in the rational decision-making model.
evaluate each alternative
The ____ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment and that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding.
experiential
Unverferth Manufacturing has been a manufacturer and supplier of innovative agricultural equipment since 1948. Recently it began developing a new 12-row strip-till subsoiler, which prepares 10-inch-wide seed beds spaced 40 inches apart. Before introducing the new tiller to the market, Unverferth developed and tested nearly three-dozen product prototypes. Unverferth used the ____ approach to innovation.
experiential
Backward compatibility is an important consideration for software users who are using an accounting program to facilitate their tax preparation and who want to use a newer version that has greater capacity. Therefore, many software manufacturers engage in ____.
generational change
When incremental improvements are made to a dominant technological design such that the improved version of the technology is fully backward compatible with the older version, ____ is said to have occurred.
generational change
Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments?
group compensation
The normative decision theory ____.
helps leaders decide how much employee participation should be used when making decisions
Groupthink occurs in ____.
highly cohesive groups where there is a great deal of pressure to agree with each other
Which of the following traits refers to the extent to which leaders are truthful with others?
honesty
The European Union encourages companies to abandon national boundaries and offer the same products to all of the member countries. Allianz, Germany's largest insurance group, is considering converting from a German company to a European company. If it makes this decision rationally, it will first ____.
identify problems arising from tax and regulatory issues
During the ____ phase of a technology cycle, companies innovate by lowering the cost and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant design.
incremental change
United Fruit Company is the owner of the Chiquita brand of bananas. United Fruit emphasized how the fruit was to be picked and packed for transportation and shows no concern for the workers. United Fruit can be considered using _____ type of managing.
initiating structure
Research at three universities has confirmed that two basic leader behaviors, ____ and ____, are central to successful leadership.
initiating structure; consideration
Which of the following is NOT a part of the experiential approach to innovation?
initiative conversations
Organizational ____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.
innovation
Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called ____.
innovation streams
Which of the following is a major concern of leaders (as opposed to managers)?
inspiring and motivating others
Oftentimes when an individual is running for a local political office, he or she makes lots of promises. When the individual wins the election and assumes office, he or she is often unable to carry through on political promises, an inability which leads to a perceived problem with ____.
integrity
Which of the following is an organizational impediment to creativity in a work environment?
internal conflict, rigid management structures, bias toward the status quo (i.e., a conservative environment), power struggles
Research shows that while initiating structure impacts primarily on ____, consideration impacts primarily on ____.
job performance; job satisfaction
A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the ____ in a field or discipline.
knowledge, tools, and techniques
An Internet strategy enabled Nestlé USA to change its way of doing business and allowed the company to change its staid, risk-averse culture; from buying raw materials to processing purchase orders to marketing the roughly 2,000 products that make up its nearly 200 brands. Employees worked to "Make e-business the way we do business." In terms of organizational development, the process described here is primarily a(n) ____ intervention.
large system
____is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.
leadership
Which of the following is a major concern of managers (as opposed to leaders)?
maintaining the status quo
Which of the following approaches to implementing Fiedler's contingency theory in the workplace has proven effective?
matching leaders to situations
Creativity was needed to improve efficiency without raising costs at one automobile maker. Over the last few years, the company has successfully implemented a creative engineering program that allows its plants to produce more than one type of car from the same assembly line. This successful change to a flexible manufacturing system is an example of ____.
organizational innovation
When Gregg Steiner became the vice president for Cleveland- based Pinxav, he knew the diaper-rash product manufacturer's sales were declining. At a trade show Steiner was pitching the product to some new mothers who had never heard of it. The mothers weren't convinced that they should part with their money for a new-to-them product. The inspired Steiner said, "If you're not happy with the product, I will not only give you your money back, I'll buy you our competitors' product. I'll buy you whatever other brand you want." Suddenly the women were interested, and they all plunked down their money. None of the women ever took Steiner up on his offer. So Steiner decided to make it part of his business practice. This new guarantee was an example of ____.
organizational innovation
In the path-goal theory of leadership, subordinate satisfaction and subordinate performance would be examples of ____.
outcomes
Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions. McLaughlin uses the ____ style of management.
participative
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, ____ involves consulting employees for their suggestions and input before making decisions.
participative leadership
In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term ____ refers to the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers.
position power
Larry Tobin is now president of Fairwinds Credit Union in Florida where he started as a part-time teller. He's learned to ignore one bit of advice he's frequently heard, "Work with what you have." Tobin doesn't buy that view. He subscribes to the philosophy that calls for "having the right people on the bus and the right people in the right seats on the bus." After Tobin assumed the helm at Fairwinds, he made several personnel changes. This ability to make these personnel changes defines Tobin's ____.
position power
Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' ____ than their job satisfaction. In terms of situational favorableness, this executive demonstrated ____.
position power
A ____ exists when there is a gap between a desired state (what managers want) and an existing state (the situation that the managers are facing).
problem
In the 1960s, Coca-Cola executives in Atlanta learned there was a bottler in the Colombian jungle that was bottling pirated Coke in dumped bottles. The company recognized this unauthorized bottler as a(n) ____.
problem
Neither Chile nor Peru has a mass-market café culture, but that fact has not stopped Starbucks from trying to determine what can be done to make its coffee houses successful in those markets. By recognizing that people in these two South American countries do not drink coffee like people in the United States and that they should change this habit, Starbucks has begun a ____ process with problem identification.
rational decision making
An Internet strategy enabled Nestlé USA to change its way of doing business and allowed the company to change its staid, risk-averse culture; from buying raw materials to processing purchase orders to marketing the roughly 2,000 products that make up its nearly 200 brands. Employees worked to "Make e-business the way we do business." Nestlé USA used ____ change to reinvent the company.
results-driven
The General Electric workout is a special kind of ____.
results-driven change
Transactional leaders ____.
reward followers for good behavior and punish followers for poor behavior
Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical ____ pattern of innovation.
s-curve
Marie-Helene de Taillac is a well-known European designer of understated, very delicate jewelry. Once she determined that further growth was impossible without changing how she distributed her product, she decided to open her own retail outlet to sell her products rather than letting department stores sell it. Since she made the decision without really examining how much the costs involved in implementing her decision, she has engaged in ____ behavior.
satisficing
____ occurs when managers choose an alternative that is good enough, rather than the best possible alternative.
satisficing
Which of the following is NOT one of the rules for effective brainstorming?
select an open-minded group leader
Leaders who possess the trait of ____ are more decisive and assertive and more likely to gain others' confidence.
self-confidence
Which of the following is one of the sources of resistance to change?
self-interest
Unverferth Manufacturing makes agricultural equipment. It used finite element analysis (FEA) software to speed up the design cycle for its 12-row sub-soiler. Which aspect of the compression approach to innovation would the use of this software apply?
shortening the time of individual steps
In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term ____ refers to the degree to which a particular situation either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members.
situational favorableness
Larry Tobin is now president of Fairwinds Credit Union in Florida. After Mr. Tobin assumed the presidency at Fairwinds, he made several personnel changes. Which of the following seems most important to Tobin?
situational favorableness
Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' ____ than their job satisfaction. In terms of Fiedler's contingency theory, this executive was most concerned with establishing ____.
situational favorableness
The purpose of multifunctional teams is to ____.
speed innovation through early identification of new ideas or problems that would typically not have been generated until much later
The goals of the compression approach to innovation are ____.
speed, lower costs, and incremental change of dominant design
In the trucking industry today, leaders are needed that will do more than simply manage or direct drivers, owner-operators, and the staff that supports them. These leaders need to inspire, coach, encourage, and guide. Today's leaders need to earn consensus by working as part of the team, providing resources to get the job done, then getting out of the way and letting their people perform. Today, these men and women need to be ____ leaders.
strategic
____ is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically, and work with others to initiate change that will create a positive future for the organization.
strategic leadership
Some employees called former General Electric, CEO Jack Welch, "Bloody Jack" because his restructuring efforts eliminated numerous jobs and product lines without thought about how individual employees were impacted. Mr. Welch was viewed as "the hatchet man," and the source of the firings. Under Fiedler's contingency theory, someone acting like Mr. Welch would be viewed as having ____.
strong position power
Mr. Jan Carlson, the former CEO of Scandinavian Airline Systems (SAS), believes the most important role for a leader is to instill confidence in people. According to the path-goal theory, this statement indicates that his leadership style would be ____.
supportive
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, ____ is very similar to considerate leader behavior.
supportive leadership
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what leadership style involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate.
supportive leadership
Which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency in path-goal theory?
task structure
Bill Belichick is the coach of the New England Patriots football team. As a successful coach, he has to schedule structured practices, emphasize careful planning, and assign tasks. He also has to show the players that he genuinely cares about them as people. According to the Blake and Mouton grid, Belichick's leadership style would be characterized as ____.
team management
Kodak is a company associated with photography. The development of the digital camera forced Kodak into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was a(n) ____.
technological discontinuity
The development of the DVD player was a source of ____ to companies in the movie industry just as VHS tapes had once been.
technological discontinuity
An innovation stream moves from one technology cycle to another through the process of ____.
technological substitution
Discontinuous change in an innovation stream is characterized by ____.
technological substitution
In terms of innovation streams, what ____ occurred when customers purchased flat-screen computer monitors to replace the older, bulkier monitors.
technological substitution
The purchase of new technologies to replace older ones is an example of ___.
technological substitution
____ is the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs.
technology
Which of the following is a component of a creative work environment that encourages creativity?
the development of challenging work, organizational encouragement, the granting of autonomy, the removal of organizational impediments
According to the path-goal theory, which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency?
the formal authority system
Which of the following is an example of a rule used within normative decision theory to increase decision quality?
the goal congruence rule
According to which of the following leadership model occurs when leaders make it clear how followers can achieve organizational goals, take care of problems that prevent followers from achieving goals, and then find more and varied rewards to motivate followers who achieve those goals, these leaders are demonstrating _____________?
the path-goal theory
When Leon was hired to manage the distribution center, his supervisor advised him to "Do things that satisfy followers today or will lead to future rewards or satisfaction" and "Offer employees something unique and valuable beyond what they're experiencing or can already do for themselves". Leon's supervisor's advice was designed to help Leon become a successful leader. Which leadership theory does Leon's supervisor apparently believe to be most effective in making a good leader?
the path-goal theory
Companies need to excel at managing ____ in order to successfully manage innovation streams.
the sources of innovation
One of the criticisms of the television industry is the networks' desire to maintain ratings by thinking in terms of next week's programming. The networks are also more concerned with how to get high program ratings quickly. This criticism assumes ____.
the television industry has a shortage of effective leadership
A directive leader, one who lets his employees know precisely what is expected of them, give them specific guidelines for performing tasks, schedules work, set standards of performance, and makes sure that people follow standard rules and regulations would most likely have ______.
told employees precisely what he expected them to do
The "great person" theory is another name for the ____ theory of leadership.
trait
Relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior, form the basis for the ____ of leadership.
trait theory
Which leadership style would be most likely to rely on positive and negative reinforcement?
transactional leadership
UPS was founded UPS in 1907 as a message delivery business. The development of the telephone would have put an end to the business if UPS's founder had not been a ____ type of leader. One who was able to get his employees to accomplish more than they had thought possible and re-invent the company as a company that delivered goods for retailers.
transformational
____ generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interest for the good of the group.
transformational leadership
______ leaders are ones who will control and manipulate followers, do what is best for themselves instead of his or her organization, only want to hear positive feedback, only share information that is beneficial to themselves, and have moral standards that put their interests before everyone else's.
unethical charismatic
People with Machiavellian personalities believe that virtually any type of behavior is acceptable if it helps satisfy needs or accomplish goals. Add that skill to someone with the ability to create strong bonds with followers and you have described a leader who is a(n) ____.
unethical charismatic leader
When a merger of South Carolina-based Springs Industries with the Brazilian textile producer Coteminas was announced, the CEO of Springs was quoted as saying, "It is unclear what effect this move will have on our employees though no immediate layoffs are planned. There may be some in the future." In this stage of the organizational change, ____ the CEO should use empathy and communicate specific details of the merger.
unfreezing
Which of the following is one of the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin?
unfreezing
The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are ____.
unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing
Malcolm Thompson was brought in as the CEO of Novalux, a company involved in laser research, to save the company's promise of innovation. It's what he loves: turning ideas into companies, then shaping those businesses to meet evolving challenges. "You're never done," he says. "It always looks like you're near the finish line, but there are always new opportunities along the road—and new obstacles you'd never thought of. That's part of the exploration— constantly looking at the next problem and the next solution." Apparently, Thompson is an example of a(n) ____.
visionary leader
Which of the following is one of the six steps in the rational decision-making process?
weight the criteria
When Jack Welch, former Chairman of General Electric, a Fortune 5 company, assumed the role of CEO, he immediately began to make drastic changes in the company's structure and product lines. He envisioned a bloated, inefficient General Electric becoming an efficient, profitable organization over time. He inspired and motivated his employees to change. Jack Welch ____.
would be characterized as a leader