Management Final Review

The _____ is the decisional role that managers play when they decide who gets what supplies and in what amounts. a.disturbance handler role b.resource allocator role c.monitor role d.disseminator role

B. resource allocator role

The management of Elaka Air, an airline company, has set a mandatory retirement age for its flight attendants. This is because the management strongly feels that with age, flight attendants find it difficult to work in a pressurized cabin for extended periods. In the context of federal employment laws, this scenario exemplifies a(n) _____. a.registered employment agreement b.critical skills employment permit c.employment regulation order d.bona fide occupational qualification

D. bona fide occupational qualification

In general, operations management uses a qualitative approach to find ways to increase productivity, improve quality, and manage or reduce costly inventories. Select one: True False

False

Motion study involved timing how long it took good workers to complete each part of their jobs. Select one: True False

False

Opportunistic behavior focuses on establishing a mutually beneficial, long-term relationship between buyers and suppliers. Select one: True False

False

T or F Supplier dependence is the degree to which a supplier relies on a buyer because of the importance of that buyer to the supplier and the difficulty of finding other buyers for its products.

False

The Hawthorne Studies demonstrated that financial incentives were the most important motivator for workers. Select one: True False

False

Gantt charts were revolutionary in the era of seat-of-the-pants management because of the detailed planning information they provided. Select one: True False

True

In his work with companies, Henry Gantt found that workers achieved their best performance levels if they were trained first. Select one: True False

True

Organizational culture is key to fostering ethical decision making. Select one: True False

True

T or F Ethics training becomes more credible when top managers teach the initial ethics classes to their subordinates who in turn teach their subordinates.

True

The principle of distributive justice is designed to protect the poor, the uneducated, and the unemployed. Select one: True False

True

In the context of the specific environment of an organization, which of the following is a difference between reactive customer monitoring and proactive monitoring of customers? a.Unlike reactive customer monitoring, proactive monitoring of customers identifies and addresses customer needs before they occur. b.Unlike reactive customer monitoring, proactive monitoring of customers involves listening closely to customer complaints and responding to customer concerns. c.Unlike reactive customer monitoring, proactive monitoring of customers involves identifying potential customers and seeking ways to attract them to indulge in a product or service. d.Unlike reactive customer monitoring, proactive monitoring of customers includes the use of an advocacy tactic that revolves around product boycotting.

a. Unlike reactive customer monitoring, proactive monitoring of customers identifies and addresses customer needs before they occur.

As soon as she allocates tasks to her subordinates, Yolanda, an account manager, thinks about the next set of tasks that she can allocate to them so that she can gain credit from her superiors in the organization. Which of the following management mistakes is evident by this act of Yolanda? Select one: a.Being overly ambitious b.Overdependence on mentor c.Inability to staff effectively d.Insensitivity to others

a.Being overly ambitious

Claire is a manager at an information technology (IT) firm. She notices a consistent drop in the productivity of her employees. She is not able to find the reason behind this drop. In the context of rational decision-making, which of the following steps should Claire take first? a.Defining the problem b.Generating alternative courses of action c.Computing the optimal decision d.Identifying decision criteria

a.Defining the problem

Autowizic Inc., an automobile manufacturing company, plans to move its operations to a different city by the end of the year. It sets a target of moving one department by the end of each month, so that all the departments can be moved within a year. In this scenario, Autowizic's plan of moving its operations to a different city by the end of the year is an example of a _____. a.distal goal b.foundational goal c.provisional goal d.proximal goal

a.distal goal

In the context ofthe internal and external forces that affect business, which of the following is a difference between stable environments and dynamic environments? Select one: a.Instable environments, the rate of environmental change is slow, whereas indynamic environments, therate of environmentalchange is fast. b.Companies with stable environments experience changing customer preferences and attitudes, whereas companies with dynamic environments experience a fixed set of customer needs. c.In stable environments, fundamental changes are observed in the environment, whereas in dynamic environments, incremental changes occur. d.The stable environment of a company is only related to the external factors affecting the company, whereas the dynamic environment of a company is only related to the internal factors affecting the company.

a.Instable environments, the rate of environmental change is slow, whereas indynamic environments, therate of environmentalchange is fast.

In the context of using groups to improve decision-making, which of the following is true of the nominal group technique (NGT)? a.It closes with a second quiet time in which group members independently rank the ideas presented. b.It is known to conclude in hostility, anger, and resentment among the participating group members. c.It involves a panel of experts who respond to questions and to each other until they reach agreement on an issue. d.It forces decision makers to state the assumptions of a proposed solution and then generate a solution that is the opposite of the proposed solution.

a.It closes with a second quiet time in which group members independently rank the ideas presented.

Which of the following statements is true of resistance to change? a.It decreases when change efforts receive significant managerial support. b.It is used to manage innovation in more certain environments during periods of incremental change. c.Employees are more likely to resist change if they have to participate in planning and implementing the change process. d.Employees are more likely to resist change if they are asked to focus on short-term wins, rather than long-term goals.

a.It decreases when change efforts receive significant managerial support.

In the context of organizational authority, which of the following best defines staff authority? a.It is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates in the chain of command. b.It is the right to command immediate subordinates in the chain of command. c.It is an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling a company's products. d.It is an activity that does not contribute directly to creating or selling a company's products but instead supports line activities.

a.It is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates in the chain of command.

In the context of organizational authority,which of the following is an advantage of unity of command? a.It prevents the confusion that might arise when an employee receives conflicting commands from two different bosses. b.It encourages companies to have a co-CEO arrangement that can lead to an improvement in the performance of employees. c.It gives workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work. d.It overcomes the deficiencies in specialized work by increasing the number of tasks.

a.It prevents the confusion that might arise when an employee receives conflicting commands from two different bosses.

As the art director of a film production company, Ahmet carries out the duties that are assigned to him by his manager. At the same time, Ahmet issues orders to the assistant art directors who work under him. In the context of organizational authority, which of the following features of a traditional organizational structure does this scenario best illustrate? a.Line authority b.Horizontal authority c.Pseudo-authority d.Staff authority

a.Line authority

_____ is defined as getting work done through others. a.Management b.Accounting c.Orientation d.Marketing

a.Management

In the context of the external environment of a firm, which of the following statements is true of environmental scanning? Select one: a.Managers scan their firm's environment to reduce uncertainty. b.It remains unaffected by organizational strategies. c.It is reactive in nature and leads to the detection of environmental problems after they become organizational crises. d.CEOs in poorer-performing firmsscan their firms' environments more frequently than CEOs in better-performing firms.

a.Managers scan their firm's environment to reduce uncertainty.

In an organization, who is responsible for the creation of tactical plans? a.Middle managers b.First-level managers c.Top managers d.Chief financial officers

a.Middle managers

Which of the following assesses how efficiently companies use only one input, such as labor, when creating outputs? a.Partial productivity b.Multifactor productivity c.Service recovery d.Internal service quality

a.Partial productivity

Which of the following consists of the strategic actions that a company takes after retrenchment to return to a growth strategy? a.Recovery b.Downsizing c.Strategic dissonance d.Competitive inertia

a.Recovery

Roberto has a list of characteristics that he wants his new house to have, and he has listed every item in that list in their order of importance to him. Among the items on his list, the proximity to a bus stop has the highest priority as it is his primary means of commuting, and the street name has the lowest priority. In this scenario, Roberto is using which of the following to make a rational decision? a.Relative comparisons b.Absolute comparisons c.Benchmarking d.Satisficing

a.Relative comparisons

Which of the following is one of the biggest contributors to misunderstandings and miscommunication, because it strongly influences what people see, hear, read, and understand at work? a.Selective perception b.Closure c.Retention d.Structural accommodation

a.Selective perception

Traditional work groups are different from self-managing teams in that team members _____. a.do not have direct responsibility or control over their work b.do not have the authority to change the design of their teams c.have the freedom to make suggestions to management d.manage and control all of the major tasks directly related to production

a.do not have direct responsibility or control over their work

Ethereal Feels is a food catering company that wants to revamp its business in order to expand its customer base. The top management makes an official announcement to all its employees about its new business model. In the context of formal communication channels, this scenario illustrates _____. a.downward communication b.upward communication c.horizontal communication d.lateral communication

a.downward communication

In the context of the skills that managers should possess, which of the following is a difference between technical skills and conceptual skills? Select one: a.Technical skillsare the specialized procedures and knowledge required to get a job done, whereas conceptual skills are the ability to understand how the different parts of a company affect each other. b.Unlike managers with conceptual skills, managers with technical skills canrecognize how a company fits into or is affected by its external environment. c.Unlike conceptual skills, technical skills increase in importance as managers rise through the management hierarchy. d.Technical skills can besummarized as the ability to work well with others, whereas conceptual skills can be summarized as the capability of assessing how motivated employees are to interact with superiors.

a.Technical skillsare the specialized procedures and knowledge required to get a job done, whereas conceptual skills are the ability to understand how the different parts of a company affect each other.

Cooling Systemz is a company that manufactures electric heaters and air conditioners. Customers purchase standardized items from this store for their homes and offices. The company has adopted make-to-stock operations. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true of Cooling Systemz? a.The company starts assembling finished products before receiving customer orders. b.The company orders parts and assembles modules ahead of customer orders. c.The company is not dependent on the accuracy of sales forecasts. d.The company produces or assembles highly specialized products for customers.

a.The company starts assembling finished products before receiving customer orders.

Which of the following is true of leaders? a.They focus on vision, mission, goals, and organizational objectives. b.They focus on productivity and efficiency. c.They see themselves as preservers of the status quo. d.They solve problems so that others can do their work.

a.They focus on vision, mission, goals, and organizational objectives.

In the context of managing organizational change, which of the following is a difference between unfreezing and refreezing? a.Unfreezingis getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed, whereasrefreezingis supporting and reinforcing the new changes so that they stick. b.Unfreezing takes place only at the lower levels of an organization, whereas refreezing takes place only at the higher levels of an organization. c.Unfreezing occurs through coercion, whereas refreezing occurs through education and communication. d.Unfreezing focuses on long-term goals, whereas refreezing focuses on short-term goals.

a.Unfreezingis getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed, whereasrefreezingis supporting and reinforcing the new changes so that they stick.

In the context of rational decision-making, which of the following is a difference between absolute comparisons and relative comparisons? a.Unlike in absolute comparisons, in relative comparisons,each criterion is compared directly with every other criterion. b.Unlike in absolute comparisons, in relative comparisons,each criterion is assigned a fixed weight based on its relevance. c.Unlike in absolute comparisons, in relative comparisons,each criterion is ranked on its own merits. d.Unlike in absolute comparisons, in relative comparisons,each criterion is compared with a standard.

a.Unlike in absolute comparisons, in relative comparisons,each criterion is compared directly with every other criterion.

Unlike leaders, managers _____. a.are concerned with control and limiting the choices of others b.are more concerned with what work gets done c.focus on vision, mission, goals, and objectives d.inspire and motivate others to find their own solutions

a.are concerned with control and limiting the choices of others

Unlike nontariff barriers, tariffs _____. a.are direct taxes on imported goods b.increase the cost of imported goods c.decrease the cost of exported goods d.are nontax methods of reducing the volume of imported goods

a.are direct taxes on imported goods

The two critical steps that are required to make sure that data can be accessed by approved users and no one else are _____. a.authentication and authorization b.authentication and encryption c.empowerment and authorization d.empowerment and encryption

a.authentication and authorization

Baked Delights is a startup bakery. To set up its own business standards, it recently collected data on the quality and pricing of the products of Sweet Tooth, the largest and most popular bakery in the region. This is an example of _____. a.benchmarking b.suboptimization c.business regulation d.profiling

a.benchmarking

Cody is a manager at Westwick Inc., an advertising company. He regularly holds meetings with his subordinates to track their work progress and address issues that they might be facing. This way, Cody tries to ensure that issues are identified early and work is completed on time. In this case, Cody is using _____. a.concurrent control b.feedback control c.feedforward control d.reactive control

a.concurrent control

In the context of workplace deviance, unlike personal aggression, employee shrinkage: Select one: a.deals with worker theft of company merchandise. b.solely affects the intangible assets of a company. c.hurts the quality and quantity of work produced. d.deals with hostile behavior toward coworkers.

a.deals with worker theft of company merchandise.

A just-in-time (JIT) inventory system is used with _____. a.dependent demand systems b.neither dependent nor independent demand systems c.both dependent and independent demand systems d.independent demand systems

a.dependent demand systems

Unlike the distinctive competencies of a company, the core capabilities of a company _____. a.determine how efficiently inputs can be turned into outputs b.cannot be sustained for long without superior distinctive competencies c.include things that the company can make, do, or perform better than its competitors d.are tangible and more visible

a.determine how efficiently inputs can be turned into outputs

Much of the basic management process cannot be performed without ______. a.effective communication b.nonverbal communication c.organizational silence d.company hotlines

a.effective communication

All work-in-process inventories are assembled to create _____. a.finished goods inventories b.component parts inventories c.feedstock inventories d.raw material inventories

a.finished goods inventories

In the context of formal communication channels, a day-shift nurse coming in at 7:30 a.m. for a half-hour discussion with the midnight nurse supervisor who leaves at 8:00 a.m. is an example of _____. a.horizontal communication b.incongruent communication c.downward communication d.upward communication

a.horizontal communication

Leon, the leader of the sales team at a company that manufactures baby products, is a good team player and is sensitive to the needs and viewpoints of his team members. Leon most likely possesses high _____. Select one: a.human skills b.conceptual skills c.planning skills d.technical skills

a.human skills

In the context of workplace deviance, unlike personal aggression, political deviance: Select one: a.involves using one's influence to harm others. b.involvesdirect hostility toward others. c.includes the theft of company merchandise. d.includes verbal abuse and personally threatening coworkers.

a.involves using one's influence to harm others.

Ellie works as a history professor. The skills required for her job are limited and easy to acquire, and the job tends to get monotonous. She is unsatisfied with her job and often feels the need to switch jobs. In the context of job design, this scenario best illustrates _____. a.job specialization b.job rotation c.job enrichment d.job enlargement

a.job specialization

If companies focus too much on local adaptation, they run the risk of _____. a.losing the cost effectiveness and productivity that result from using standardized rules and procedures throughout the world b.losing control over the quality of the product or service sold by the foreign licensee c.using management procedures poorly suited to particular countries' markets, cultures, and employees d.failing to benefit from an active global strategy

a.losing the cost effectiveness and productivity that result from using standardized rules and procedures throughout the world

A marketing team at Wident Inc. consists of six people. Ryan is the only team member who speaks for the entire duration in every team meeting and does not let other team members share their views. This work team is most likely experiencing _____. a.minority domination b.groupthink c.structural accommodation d.synergy

a.minority domination

Because of perceptual filters, _____. a.people attend to some stimuli and not others b.the beliefs of people do not influence the meaning they attach to new information c.people organize and interpret what they pay attention to in the same manner d.people are unlikely to incorporate new knowledge that is consistent with what they already know

a.people attend to some stimuli and not others

Storage cost is the cost of _____. a.physically or electronically archiving information for later use b.obtaining data that an organization does not have c.transforming raw data into meaningful information d.transmitting information from one place to another

a.physically or electronically archiving information for later use

Flywater Inc. is refusing to expand its global operations into North Marland due to the civil wars that frequently occur in the country. This threat of civil wars in the country is an example of _____. a.political uncertainty b.pandemic uncertainty c.purchase uncertainty d.policy uncertainty

a.political uncertainty

In the context of decision-making, a gap between a desired state and an existing state is known as a _____. a.problem b.condition of certainty c.benchmark d.minimum threshold

a.problem

In the context of creation and maintenance of organizational cultures, a primary source of organizational culture is _____. Select one: a.the company founder b.a new customer c.a new employee d.the board of directors

a.the company founder

Communication cost is the cost of _____. a.transmitting information from one place to another b.obtaining data that an organization does not have c.transforming raw data into meaningful information d.physically or electronically archiving information

a.transmitting information from one place to another

According to Henri Fayol's principles of management, _____ advocates that each employee should report to and receive orders from just one boss to avoid confusion and conflict. a.unity of command b.unity of direction c.remuneration d.centralization

a.unity of command

_____ refers to the values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by organizational members. Select one: a. Organizational hierarchy b. Organizational culture c. Organizational design d. Organizational innovation

b. Organizational culture

In the context of the BCG matrix, which of the following businesses would be classified as a dog? a.Brain Cash, a finance company that is struggling for market share in a fast-growing industry b.Bigs Steel, a metal manufacturer that has negligible market share in a slow-growing industry c.Cleep Sweep, a detergent company that has been earning steady profits in a slow-growing industry d.Ultimo Phone, a smartphone manufacturer that is the market leader in a rapidly growing industry

b.Bigs Steel, a metal manufacturer that has negligible market share in a slow-growing industry

Which of the following is a performance assessment in which companies identify which customers are leaving and measure the rate at which they are leaving? a.Economic value added (EVA) b.Customer defections c.Cash flow analysis d.Zero-based budgeting

b.Customer defections

In the context of the communication process, which of the following makes senders aware of possible miscommunications and enables them to continue communicating until the receiver understands the intended message? a.Attenuation b.Feedback c.Retention d.Encoding

b.Feedback

Celvokay, a company that manufactures smartphones and smartphone accessories, has launched a new smartphone that comes along with a new model of earphones with the noise-cancellation feature. These earphones are designed such that they can also be used with the older models of Celvokay's phones. Which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate? a.Unfreezing b.Generational change c.Technological lockout d.Refreezing

b.Generational change

Which of the following is an advantage of cross-training? a.Itsuppresses the skills and knowledge of an organization's competitors. b.It allows a team to function normally even in the absence of a member. c.Itreduces training expenses for an organization. d.It increases the external pool of resources for recruitment.

b.It allows a team to function normally even in the absence of a member.

Which of the following best defines a SWOT analysis? a.It is conducted by regulatory agencies to measure the performance of organizations. b.It involves assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in an organization's internal environment. c.It measures the tangible rather than the intangible assets of an organization. d.Its aim is to review internal processes independently of the external industry environment.

b.It involves assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in an organization's internal environment.

In an organization, who is responsible for developing and carrying out operational plans? a.Middle managers b.Lower-level managers c.Members of the board of directors d.Top managers

b.Lower-level managers

According to path-goal theory, which of the following subordinate contingencies refers to how capable subordinates believe they are for doing their jobs well? a.Task structure b.Perceived ability c.Position power d.Locus of control

b.Perceived ability

Flagon Inc., a bottle manufacturing company, pays its employees 50 cents for every bottle that is produced in addition to the production rate of 200 bottles per day. Which of the following compensation systems has Flagon adopted? a.Stock options b.Piecework c.Profit sharing d.Commission

b.Piecework

If managed properly, the shift from surface- to deep-level diversity can accomplish which of these two things? a.Gender-based discretion and openness to experience b.Reduction in prejudice and social integration c.Openness to experience and the glass ceiling effect d.Social integration and an ethnocentric work environment

b.Reduction in prejudice and social integration

In the context of surface-level diversity, which of the following occurs when people are treated differently because of their sex? a.Racial discrimination b.Sex discrimination c.Ethnic discrimination d.Genetic discrimination

b.Sex discrimination

Which of the following is defined as a more specific goal than the organization's purpose that unifies company-wide efforts, stretches and challenges the organization, and possesses a finish line and a time frame? a.Vision statement b.Strategic objective c.Single-use plan d.Mission statement

b.Strategic objective

Which of the following is true of managers? a.They arecritical to inspiring employees and setting long-term goals. b.They are concerned with control and limiting the choices of others. c.Theysee themselves as promoters of change and challengers of the status quo. d.They focus on vision, mission, goals, and objectives.

b.They are concerned with control and limiting the choices of others.

In the context of using groups to improve decision-making, which of the following is a difference between c-type conflict and a-type conflict? a.Unlike a-type conflict, c-type conflict undermines team effectiveness. b.Unlike c-type conflict, a-type conflict often results in anger and resentment. c.Unlike c-type conflict statements, a-type conflict statements focus on issues and ideas. d.Unlike a-type conflict, c-type conflict refers to the emotional reactions that can occur when disagreements become personal.

b.Unlike c-type conflict, a-type conflict often results in anger and resentment.

In the context of formal communication channels, which of the following is used to encourage lower-level managers and employees to participate in organizational decision-making? a.Downward communication b.Upward communication c.Horizontal communication d.Lateral communication

b.Upward communication

Juliana does not like her new job as a web designer at a software company because she finds the work culture unfitting. Her female peers go on dinner dates with the project manager to get their work approved. She also has male colleagues who exhibit inappropriate behavior. In the context of employment legislation, this scenario best illustrates _____. a.adverse impact b.a hostile work environment c.a cognitive bias d.structural accommodation

b.a hostile work environment

Claire is 25 years old. She owns an editorial services firm. Her employees' average age is 30. Claire prefers to hire new graduates and train them instead of hiring experienced people. The age discrimination that Claire displays could be because she believes that older workers _____. a.do not make use of health care benefits b.are not interested in learning new things c.want more control over their movement in and out of the workplace d.choose jobs only to achieve a sense of accomplishment

b.are not interested in learning new things

Jayla is the manager of a luxury hotel. All her team members are required to follow a code of conduct. If they do so consistently, they are awarded an appreciation certificate. However, if they fail to do so, Jayla imposes a fine on them, which is later deducted from their salary. In this scenario, Jayla is using _____. a.concertive control b.bureaucratic control c.normative control d.adaptive control

b.bureaucratic control

A drawback of planning is that it _____. a.decreases persistence among employees, and leads to slackness b.causes detachment, which leads planners to plan for things they do not understand c.fails to provide direction to managerial activities d.discourages employees from putting in additional efforts when following a plan

b.causes detachment, which leads planners to plan for things they do not understand

The final step in setting standards by benchmarking is to _____. a.identify the companies against which to benchmark one's standards b.collect data to determine other companies' performance standards c.implement functional departmentalization across a company d.determine the effects of benchmarking on the company's performance

b.collect data to determine other companies' performance standards

Unlike upward communication, horizontal communication _____. a.is usually seen in organizations with centralized authority b.helps people at the same organizational level resolve conflicts without involving high levels of management c.encourages those at lower levels in an organization to share their concerns with higher-level authorities d.helps higher-level managers assess organizational performance and effectiveness

b.helps people at the same organizational level resolve conflicts without involving high levels of management

At Troysten Inc., a construction company, Edwin's job responsibilities include monitoring the work carried out by the company's site engineers. He is also responsible for ensuring that all the engineers are provided with ample guidance and supervision so that they can perform all the assigned tasks to the best of their ability. In the given scenario, Edwin's job is related to _____. Select one: a.accounting b.management c.production d.sales

b.management

In the context of Porter's five industry forces, the threat of new entrants can be defined as a _____. a.measure of the ease with which customers can find substitutes for an industry's products or services b.measure of the degree to which barriers to entry make it easy or difficult for new companies to get started in an industry c.measure of the intensity of competitive behavior among companies in an industry d.measure of the influence that customers have on the firm's prices

b.measure of the degree to which barriers to entry make it easy or difficult for new companies to get started in an industry

A logistics company recently installed microchips in all its telephone sets to track and record calls made by its employees. The company did this to ensure that the employees were making only service calls and not personal calls. This is most likely an example of _____. a.normative control b.objective control c.bureaucratic control d.concertive control

b.objective control

People exposed to the same information will often disagree about what they saw or heard due to _____, a.respondent conditioning b.perceptual filtering c.cognitive mapping d.empathetic listening

b.perceptual filtering

The government of Diamza recently passed a law making it mandatory for any foreign company that wants to do business in its country to only use raw materials made in Diamza and only hire citizens. For companies that want to conduct business in Diamza, this is a type of _____. a.cost uncertainty b.policy uncertainty c.control uncertainty d.political uncertainty

b.policy uncertainty

According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, people at the _____ of moral development make decisions that are based on selfish reasons. Select one: a.postconventional level b.preconventional level c.unconventional level d.conventional level

b.preconventional level

Aisletton, an electronic gadgets manufacturer, organizes its workforce into various departments based on the service the department provides. These departments include cell phones, gaming consoles, television sets, cameras, and watches. In this scenario, Aisletton most likely follows _____. a.functional departmentalization b.product departmentalization c.geographic departmentalization d.customer departmentalization

b.product departmentalization

A team of engineers and architects has been formed to work on the construction of a bridge. The team will work together on-site till the construction of the bridge is complete. Thereafter, it will be dissolved. This team is an example of a(n) _____. a.advisory team b.project team c.virtual team d.self-designing team

b.project team

Unlike spamming, phishing involves _____. a.tracing web usage and permitting the creation of personalized web pages that track behavior b.sending fake but real-looking emails and websites that trick users into sharing personal information c.recording everything typed at the keyboard and intercepting keystrokes before password masking occurs d.clogging and overloading email servers and inboxes with junk mail

b.sending fake but real-looking emails and websites that trick users into sharing personal information

A cushion of extra resources that can be used with options-based planning to adapt to unanticipated changes, problems, or opportunities defines _____. a.strategic groups b.slack resources c.secondary firms d.standing plans

b.slack resources

In the context of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix, unlike cash cows, dogs have a _____. a.small share of a fast-growing market b.small share of a slow-growing market c.large share of a slow-growing market d.large share of a fast-growing market

b.small share of a slow-growing market

Amira, the chief operations officer of a company that manufactures baby products, formulates a plan on how the company's newly launched products will serve its wide customer base and how it will deal with its competitors. In this scenario, Amira has most likely contributed to developing the company's _____. a.single-use plan b.strategic plan c.tactical plan d.operational plan

b.strategic plan

In the context of organizational systems, _____ are smaller systems that operate within the context of a larger system. a.multi-agent systems b.subsystems c.transcendental systems d.meta-systems

b.subsystems

A firm can establish a sustainable competitive advantage over competitors if _____. a.the firm has access to the same information technology as its competitors b.the firm uses information technology to continuously improve the core functions of its business c.the firm focuses solely on productivity rather than quality and service d.there is a high potential for competing firms to create or buy the firm's information technology

b.the firm uses information technology to continuously improve the core functions of its business

Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward? a.Achance to learn something new b.Afeeling of responsibility c.A promotion to a higher position d.Asense of accomplishment

c.A promotion to a higher position

Which of the following is the process of identifying outstanding practices, processes, and standards in other companies and adapting them to your company? a.Regulating b.Profiling c.Benchmarking d.Branding

c.Benchmarking

Which of the following is an exception in employment law that permits sex, age, religion, and the like to be used when making employment decisions, but only if they are "reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business"? a.Critical skills employment permit b.Registered employment agreement c.Bona fide occupational qualification d.Employment regulation order

c.Bona fide occupational qualification

Which of the following is defined as a regulatory process of establishing standards to achieve organizational goals, comparing actual performance to the standards, and taking corrective action when necessary to restore performance to those standards? a.Planning b.Coordination c.Control d.Organizing

c.Control

Which of the following is a function of a top manager? Select one: a.Facilitating team activities toward accomplishing a goal b.Coordinating and linking groups, departments, and divisions within a company c.Creating a positive organizational culture through language and action d.Managing the performance of entry-level employees

c.Creating a positive organizational culture through language and action

Clarespharm, a pharmaceutical company, wants to be the market leader in the country of Jefnamia by the end of the next fiscal year. To start working toward this goal, the marketing department of Clarespharm sets targets for the marketing teams. Which of the following is ideally the next step for achieving Clarespharm's goal to be the market leader? a.Maintaining flexibility in planning b.Tracking progress toward goal achievement c.Developing commitment to the goal d.Developing effective action plans

c.Developing commitment to the goal

Which of the following is a decision-making method that can be used to create c-type conflict by assigning an individual or a subgroup the role of critic? a.Nominal group technique b.Delphi technique c.Devil's advocacy approach d.Dialectical inquiry

c.Devil's advocacy approach

A job candidate is rejected on the pretext that he is hearing impaired. Which of the following types of discrimination does this exemplify? a.Ethnicity discrimination b.Age discrimination c.Disability discrimination d.Racial discrimination

c.Disability discrimination

_____ is a company's social responsibility to make a profit by producing a valued product or service. Select one: a.Ethical responsibility b.Discretionary responsibility c.Economic responsibility d.Legal responsibility

c.Economic responsibility

A group of architects and builders is supposed to work together on a construction project. The team members are currently getting to know each other, setting up norms for the initial phase, and creating a temporary preliminary team structure. This group is in which stage of team development? a.Performing b.Norming c.Forming d.Storming

c.Forming

Arboral Inc., an auto manufacturing company, has been extremely successful in its home country. In an attempt to increase its profitability, it has opened up new manufacturing plants and showrooms in three more countries. Which of the following grand strategies has Arboral used in this scenario? a.Acquisition strategy b.Stability strategy c.Growth strategy d.Retrenchment strategy

c.Growth strategy

In the context of managerial roles, which of the following is a difference between the negotiator role and the figurehead role? Select one: a.The negotiator role is one of the forms of the interpersonal roleperformed by managers, whereas the figurehead role is one of the forms of the decisional role performed by managers. b.Managers act as negotiators when they establish challenging goals, whereas managers act as figureheads when they sit on another company's board. c.In thenegotiator role, managers discuss projects, goals, outcomes, and employee raises, whereas in the figurehead role, managers perform ceremonial duties such as greeting company visitors. d.As negotiators, managers scan their environment and actively contact others for information, whereas as figureheads, managers receive unsolicited information from their vast personal contacts.

c.In thenegotiator role, managers discuss projects, goals, outcomes, and employee raises, whereas in the figurehead role, managers perform ceremonial duties such as greeting company visitors.

How does Fiedler's contingency theory differ from other situational theories? a.It states that the effectiveness of leaders can only be judged by what they do and who they are. b.It assumes that effective leaders possess a similar set of traits or characteristics. c.It assumes that leadership styles are consistent and difficult to change. d.It states that leaders are capable of changing their leadership styles to fit the demands of different situations.

c.It assumes that leadership styles are consistent and difficult to change.

Which of the following is an advantage of geographic departmentalization? a.It eases the achievement of coordination among managers of different departments. b.It lowers costs by reducing duplication. c.It can reduce costs by locating unique organizational resources closer to customers. d.It allows managers and workers to specialize in one area of expertise.

c.It can reduce costs by locating unique organizational resources closer to customers.

Which of the following defines job posting? a.It is a written description of the basic tasks, duties, and responsibilities required of an employee holding a particular job. b.It is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job. c.It is a procedure for advertising job openings within a company to existing employees. d.It is a planned sequence of jobs through which employees may advance within an organization.

c.It is a procedure for advertising job openings within a company to existing employees.

Which of the following is a trait difference between leaders and nonleaders? a.Leaders are more extroverted than nonleaders. b.Leaders focus on productivity, while nonleaders focus on vision and goals. c.Leaders display more honesty and integrity than nonleaders. d.Leaders are more concerned with means, while nonleaders are concerned more with ends.

c.Leaders display more honesty and integrity than nonleaders.

Which of the following steps is a manager most likely to take if he or she is using goal-setting theory as a motivational tool for his or her employees? a.Refraining from reinforcing wrong behaviors b.Refraining from providing frequent, performance-specific feedback c.Making sure workers truly accept organizational goals d.Reducing employees' inputs

c.Making sure workers truly accept organizational goals

Gettorx, a multinational personal care company, organized its labor force based on product categories, such as bathing accessories, makeup products, and hair cleansers. All these departments have their own marketing, finance, and sales divisions. In this scenario, which of the following organizational structures does Gettorx most likely follow? a.Customer departmentalization b.Process departmentalization c.Matrix departmentalization d.Geographic departmentalization

c.Matrix departmentalization

Which of the following are defined as nontax methods of increasing the cost or reducing the volume of imported goods? a.Quorums b.Grants c.Nontariff barriers d.Nonresident barriers

c.Nontariff barriers

All the members of the sales team at Arkema are new hires. The team members need to work together to ensure that clients' requirements are fulfilled and weekly targets set by the company are adequately met. However, the team members are often involved in minor arguments and find it difficult to work with each other. In which of the following stages of team development is this team most likely to resolve petty differences among its members? a.Storming stage b.Forming stage c.Norming stage d.Reforming stage

c.Norming stage

Which of the following is a disadvantage of electronic brainstorming? a.It creates evaluation apprehension. b.Ideas do not remain anonymous. c.Outgoing individuals can find it difficult to express themselves in writing. d.It causes production blocking when one has to wait to present an idea.

c.Outgoing individuals can find it difficult to express themselves in writing.

In the context of Henri Fayol's management functions, which of the following is a difference between planning and organizing? Select one: a.Planning is deciding where decisions will be made, whereas organizing is monitoring progress toward goal achievement. b.Planning is inspiring workers to work hard on a daily basis, whereas organizing istaking corrective action when progress isn't being made. c.Planning involves determining organizational goals, whereas organizing involves determining how things get done. d.Planning involves motivating workers to work hard to achieve organizational goals, whereas organizing involves identifying the means to achieve organizational goals.

c.Planning involves determining organizational goals, whereas organizing involves determining how things get done.

In which of the following ways can companies ensure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else? a.Recruiting disabled candidates at least for entry-level jobs b.Employing people with disabilities only for jobs that do not require movement c.Providing reasonable workplace accommodations for disabled employees d.Refraining from assigning additional responsibilities to disabled employees

c.Providing reasonable workplace accommodations for disabled employees

Which of the following exemplifies an intrinsic reward? a.Daphne is promoted at work. b.Samantha receives a cash reward for good job performance. c.Richard enjoys his job and sees it as a chance to learn something new. d.Rani receives an annual bonus.

c.Richard enjoys his job and sees it as a chance to learn something new.

_____ is a business's obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society. a.Social loafing b.Social engineering c.Social responsibility d.Social networking

c.Social responsibility

Which of the following illustrates the management practice of gaining competitive advantage through people? Select one: a.Pentafth, an advertising agency, does not provide job security to its employees under the pretense that the fear of losing their jobs would cause the employees to perform well. b.The management of Mabette, a law firm, believes that it is best not to disclose the company's financial information to the employees of the organization. c.The board of directors of Naocomp, a software company, decides to launch its own research and development division by investing from the company's profits. d.Olagamp, a pharmaceutical company, recruits aggressively without enough screening so that it does not lose any talented job applicants in the process.

c.The board of directors of Naocomp, a software company, decides to launch its own research and development division by investing from the company's profits.

Which of the following statements is true of bureaucratically controlled companies? a.They are highly responsive to their customers' needs. b.They rely on group norms rather than on formalized rules and regulations. c.They are highly resistant to change. d.They place little emphasis on policies and procedures.

c.They are highly resistant to change.

Which of the following is a similarity between Frederick W. Taylor and Lillian Gilbreth? Select one: a.They both developed time study. b.They both used film cameras to analyze jobs. c.They both strove to simplify work. d.They both proposed giving workers longer work hours and fewer breaks.

c.They both strove to simplify work.

In the context of managing resistance to change, which of the following is an error that managers make during the unfreezing stage? a.They undercommunicate the vision by a factor of 10. b.They do not systematically plan for short-term wins. c.They do not establish a great enough sense of urgency. d.They lack a visionfor change.

c.They do not establish a great enough sense of urgency.

Which of the following is one of the five industry forces identified by Harvard professor Michael Porter? a.Threat of planned obsolescence b.Threat of strategic dissonance c.Threat of new entrants d.Threat of competitive inertia

c.Threat of new entrants

Which of the following is a bureaucratic organization? Select one: a.PaintedOn Inc., where organizational rules and procedures are changed every day b.Joni's Jumpers, where the owner manages and supervises the company c.UJeans, which hires people based on their qualifications and skills d.Chilled Diner, which promotes employees based on their social connections

c.UJeans, which hires people based on their qualifications and skills

In the context of workplace deviance, unlike property deviance, production deviance: Select one: a.impacts the ownership and legal rights of an organization. b.hurts the possessions of a company. c.hurts the quality and quantity of work produced. d.includesserious deviant behaviors that are targeted at an organization.

c.hurts the quality and quantity of work produced.

A text or email is often a better communication medium than the oral medium when the message _____. a.requires immediate feedback b.is complex and hard to decipher c.includes straightforward information d.includes a detailed request requiring two-way communication

c.includes straightforward information

Identify a difference between bureaucratic control and concertive control. a.Unlike bureaucratic control, concertive control is based on beliefs that are shaped and negotiated by work groups. b.Concertive control is driven by strong organizational cultures, whereas bureaucratic control usually arises when companies give work groups complete autonomy and responsibility for task completion. c.Under bureaucratic control, most workers only have to worry about pleasing the boss, whereas with concertive control, their behavior has to satisfy the rest of their team members. d.Unlike bureaucratically controlled companies, concertively controlled companies are highly resistant to change.

c.Under bureaucratic control, most workers only have to worry about pleasing the boss, whereas with concertive control, their behavior has to satisfy the rest of their team members.

Which of the following is a difference between partial productivity and multifactor productivity? a.Unlike multifactor productivity, partial productivity indicates a company's overall level of productivity relative to its competitors. b.Unlike partial productivity measures, multifactor productivity measures can help managers determine what factors need to be adjusted or in what areas adjustment can make the most difference in overall productivity. c.Unlike partial productivity measures, multifactor productivity measures do not indicate the specific contributions that labor, capital, materials, or energy make to overall productivity. d.Unlike multifactor productivity, partial productivity only indicates how much labor and capital a company requires to produce an output.

c.Unlike partial productivity measures, multifactor productivity measures do not indicate the specific contributions that labor, capital, materials, or energy make to overall productivity.

Which of the following is a difference between first-line managers and top managers? Select one: a.Unlike first-line managers, top managersare responsible for teaching entry-level employees how to do their jobs. b.Unlike first-line managers, top managersmake detailed schedules and operating plans based on middle management's intermediate-range plans. c.Unlike top managers, first-line managersengage in plans and actions that typically produce results within two weeks. d.Unlike top managers, first-line managers are responsible for creating a positive organizational culture through language and action.

c.Unlike top managers, first-line managersengage in plans and actions that typically produce results within two weeks.

Which of the followingis software that encrypts Internet data at both ends of the data transmission process? a.Decision support system b.Optical character recognition software c.Virtual private network d.Executive information system

c.Virtual private network

Job specifications can be defined as _____. a.written descriptions of the basic responsibilities required of an employee holding a particular job b.a set of procedures for advertising job openings within a company to existing employees c.a written summary of the qualifications needed to successfully perform a particular job d.planned sequences of jobs through which employees may advance within an organization

c.a written summary of the qualifications needed to successfully perform a particular job

Annette, a reporter at a daily newspaper, is given a low performance rating because she has not been meeting productivity requirements. She is personally affected by the low rating and gets into an argument with her manager. In this scenario, the disagreement between Annette and her supervisor can best be classified as _____. a.cognitive conflict b.constructive conflict c.a-type conflict d.c-type conflict

c.a-type conflict

Chloe is planning to open a restaurant. Before proceeding with the plan, she collects data on the operating standards of one of her favorite restaurants that inspired her to open her own restaurant. This is an example of _____. a.suboptimization b.brainstorming c.benchmarking d.delegation

c.benchmarking

In the context of systems management, unlike open systems, closed systems: Select one: a.use synergy to communicate with their external environments. b.can function as a whole without their elements being interrelated. c.can function without interacting with their environments. d.interact with and depend on their environments for survival.

c.can function without interacting with their environments.

Fatima owns a chain of tattoo studios. Her studios are managed by a group of employees. Despite personality differences, the employees are able to work together effectively. Fatima's employees display _____. a.genetic diversity b.functional diversity c.deep-level diversity d.surface-level diversity

c.deep-level diversity

Devanie used to work in a sports bar. Despite being nominated by her manager for a promotion for her outstanding performance, the nomination was rejected; and a male coworker was awarded the promotion. Subsequently, Devanie's manager informed her that she was not promoted because the post requires working extra hours, and the management considered that to be a difficult task for a female employee. This is an example of _____. a.adverse impact b.minority domination c.disparate treatment d.affirmative action

c.disparate treatment

After Axcess Systems lost a major client, it decided to change its organizational structure. To communicate the organizational change to its employees, the top management sent out an email containing a detailed account of its new strategic plan to all the employees. In the context of formal communication channels, this scenario illustrates _____. a.horizontal communication b.upward communication c.downward communication d.lateral communication

c.downward communication

Managers who use bureaucratic control are known to _____. a.place little emphasis on policies and procedures b.rely on group norms rather than on formalized rules and regulations c.emphasize following the rules above all else d.believe that the shared values and beliefs of the company guide workers' behavior

c.emphasize following the rules above all else

The most popular approach to increase goal commitment is to _____. a.develop less challenging goals b.ask the top management to assign goals c.encourage employee participation while setting goals d.minimize employee involvement in planning

c.encourage employee participation while setting goals

In the context of brainstorming, the fear of what others will think of one's ideas is known as _____. a.production blocking b.cognitive conflict c.evaluation apprehension d.dialectal inquiry

c.evaluation apprehension

Mary Parker Follett believed that the best way to deal with conflict was _____. Select one: a.domination b.compromise c.integration d.coercion

c.integration

In the context of ethical intensity, unlike temporal immediacy, probability of effect: Select one: a.is the total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision. b.is how much an act affects the average person. c.is the chance that something will happen that results in harm to others. d.is agreement on whether behavior is bad or good.

c.is the chance that something will happen that results in harm to others.

Emma works as a receptionist at Willoware Inc. As a part of her job, she is responsible not only for attending calls but also for welcoming clients and customers, keeping a record of the visitors, and mediating between visitors and managers. In the context of job design, Willoware Inc. is most likely using _____. a.task rigidity b.job specialization c.job enlargement d.task identity

c.job enlargement

Amborfes Inc., a company that supplies packing materials to pharmaceutical manufacturing companies, ensures that its employees do not get bored with specific jobs by periodically moving them across a variety of jobs such as pasting of cartons, manufacturing of blisters, manufacturing of sleeves for plastic bottles, scoring of cartons, and printing and laminating of cartons. In the context of job design, Amborfes Inc. is most likely using _____. a.job specialization b.task rigidity c.job rotation d.task identity

c.job rotation

Unlike authorization, authentication is _____. a.granting users approved access to data, software, and systems b.foolproof and immune to data thefts c.making sure potential users are who they claim to be d.only allowed to be done by the top-level management in an organization

c.making sure potential users are who they claim to be

A local plumbing company installed global positioning satellite (GPS) tracking devices in all its trucks to ensure that employees were going on service calls and not running personal errands. This is an example of _____. a.concertive control b.normative control c.objective control d.adaptive control

c.objective control

A competitive advantage becomes a sustainable competitive advantage when _____. a.a company collaborates with its competitors to obtain a larger market share b.a company uses a competitive move designed to reduce a rival's market share or profits c.other companies cannot duplicate the value a firm is providing to customers d.market commonality is large, and companies have overlapping products or services

c.other companies cannot duplicate the value a firm is providing to customers

Lenny finishes his work 30 percent faster than his coworkers. In the context of scientific management, Lenny is a(n)_____. Select one: a.opinion leader b.soldier c.rate buster d.bureaucrat

c.rate buster

Jane and her team members started working overtime but worked slower and deliberately introduced errors in the work they were given. In the context of scientific management, this behavior of the workers is known as _____. Select one: a.policing b.accommodation c.soldiering d.whistle-blowing

c.soldiering

Social loafing occurs when _____. a.workers develop healthy interpersonal relationships with other team members b.workers complete the assigned tasks and feel obligated to socialize with other team members c.team members withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work d.team members feel intense pressure to not disagree with each other so that the team can approve a proposed solution

c.team members withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work

In the context of organizational authority,which of the following is a difference between a line function and a staff function? a.A line function does not contribute directly to creating a company's products, whereas a staff function contributes directly to creating a company's products. b.A line function includes accounting, human resources, or legal services, whereas a staff function includes activitiesthat take place within the manufacturing and marketing departments. c.A line function can only be exercised by employees at the lower levels of the chain of command, whereas a staff function empowers employees at every level. d.A line function contributes directly to selling a company's products, whereas a staff function does not contribute directly to selling a company's products but instead supports line activities.

d.A line function contributes directly to selling a company's products, whereas a staff function does not contribute directly to selling a company's products but instead supports line activities.

Who suggests that people are just as likely to move down Maslow's needs hierarchy as up? a.McClelland b.Maslow c.Herzberg d.Alderfer

d.Alderfer

Which of the following is a major federal employment law? a.Equal Pay Act of 1963 b.Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 c.Civil Rights Act of 1991 d.All of these choices are major federal employment laws.

d.All of these choices are major federal employment laws.

_____ is the process of having managers and employees perform new behaviors that are central to and symbolic of the new organizational culture that a company wants to create. Select one: a.Behavioral opportunism b.Behavioral deskilling c.Behavioral substitution d.Behavioral addition

d.Behavioral addition

In the context of changing organizational cultures, which of the following is a difference between behavioral addition and behavioral substitution? Select one: a.Behavioral addition refers to the collection of information by managers before selecting job candidates to match their behaviors with that of the organizational culture, whereas behavioral substitution refers to building procedures to train employees about ethical practices. b.Behavioral addition refers to changing the visible artifacts of an organization's old culture, whereas behavioral substitution refers to the process where managers eliminate employees whose behavior is not consistent with that of the organizational culture. c.Behavioral addition refers to the process of hiring candidates who have been judged by Bar Raisers, whereas behavioral substitution refers to the process of transferring employees to different departments based on their behavioral attributes. d.Behavioral additionis the process of having managers and employees perform a new behavior, whereasbehavioral substitutionis having managers and employees perform a new behavior in place of another behavior.

d.Behavioral additionis the process of having managers and employees perform a new behavior, whereasbehavioral substitutionis having managers and employees perform a new behavior in place of another behavior.

Which of the following is a difference between feedforward control and feedback control? a.Unlike feedforward control, feedback control attempts to eliminate the delay between performance and feedback about the performance. b.Feedforward control is a bottom-up process, while feedback control is a top-down process. c.Unlike feedforward control, feedback control involves gathering information about performance deficiencies before they occur. d.Feedforward control monitors inputs, while feedback control monitors outputs.

d.Feedforward control monitors inputs, while feedback control monitors outputs.

In the context of the BCG matrix, which of the following businesses would be classified as a cash cow? a.PrimeSmart, a smartphone manufacturer that is the market leader in a rapidly growing industry b.Bigs Steel, a metal manufacturer that has negligible market share in a slow-growing industry c.Brain Cash, a finance company that is struggling for market share in a fast-growing industry d.HappyTot, a children's toy company that has been earning steady profits in a slow-growing industry

d.HappyTot, a children's toy company that has been earning steady profits in a slow-growing industry

Identify a difference between ISO 9000 and ISO 27000. a.ISO 9000 is a series of 12 international standards, whereas ISO 27000 is a series of five international standards. b.The ISO 9000 standards publications are specific and can only be used to make certain types of products, whereas the ISO 27000 standards are general and can be used for manufacturing any kind of product or delivering any kind of service. c.ISO 9000 certification covers more than 50% of the requirements for the Baldrige Award, whereas ISO 27000 certification covers less than 10% of the requirements for the Baldrige Award. d.ISO 9000 is a set of standards for achieving consistency in quality management and quality assurance in companies throughout the world, whereas ISO 27000 is a set of standards for managing and monitoring security techniques for information technology.

d.ISO 9000 is a set of standards for achieving consistency in quality management and quality assurance in companies throughout the world, whereas ISO 27000 is a set of standards for managing and monitoring security techniques for information technology.

Which of the following best defines a tariff? a.It is a complete ban on trade of a certain item. b.It is a specific limit on the volume of imported goods. c.It is a limit on the number of products exported to a particular country. d.It is a direct tax on imported goods.

d.It is a direct tax on imported goods.

In the context of job design, which of the following is true of job specialization? a.It is an approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to positive work outcomes. b.It involves giving workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work. c.It occurs when the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job is increased. d.It occurs when a job is composed of a small part of a larger task or process.

d.It occurs when a job is composed of a small part of a larger task or process.

Which of the following is a function of leaders? a.Leaders focus on the means of getting things done. b.Leaders solve the problems that employees face. c.Leaders try to control and limit choices of others. d.Leaders inspire people and take a long-term view.

d.Leaders inspire people and take a long-term view.

In the context of the planning process, which of the following is most likely to be useful when conceived goals turn out not to be achievable? a.Developing commitment to goals b.Developing long-term action plans c.Tracking progress toward goal achievement d.Maintaining flexibility when making plans

d.Maintaining flexibility when making plans

Which of the following is a difference between manual capture of information and electronic capture of information? a.Manual capture of information involves the use of radio frequency identification tags, whereas electronic capture of information involves the use of bar codes. b.Manual capture of information is an inexpensive way to collect information, whereas electronic capture of information results in huge costs. c.Manual capture of information is a labor-intensive, often accurate process, whereas electronic capture of information is an automated, often inaccurate process. d.Manual capture of information is a slow process, whereas electronic capture records information at high speed.

d.Manual capture of information is a slow process, whereas electronic capture records information at high speed.

Which of the following is a difference between normative control and concertive control? a.Normative control monitors rules, whereas concertive control monitors outputs. b.Under concertive control, most workers only have to worry about pleasing the boss, whereas under normative control, the behavior of workers has to satisfy the rest of their team members. c.Concertive controls are based on beliefs that are strongly held and widely shared throughout a company, whereas normative controls are based on beliefs that are shaped and negotiated by work groups. d.Normative controls are driven by strong organizational cultures, whereas concertive controls usually arise when companies give work groups complete autonomy and responsibility for task completion.

d.Normative controls are driven by strong organizational cultures, whereas concertive controls usually arise when companies give work groups complete autonomy and responsibility for task completion.

All the members of the sales team at Orokem are friendly with each other and enjoy working together. The team members feel equally responsible for the successes and failures of the team. The members of Orokem's sales team are in which stage of team development? a.Forming b.Norming c.Storming d.Performing

d.Performing

In the context of the BCG matrix, which of the following businesses would be classified as a star? a.RigsWheels, a tire manufacturer that has negligible market share in a slow-growing industry b.HappyTot, a children's toy company that has been earning steady profits in a slow-growing industry c.RainTech, an electronics company that is struggling for market share in a fast-growing industry d.PrimeSmart, a smartphone manufacturer that is the market leader in a rapidly growing industry

d.PrimeSmart, a smartphone manufacturer that is the market leader in a rapidly growing industry

In the context of the BCG matrix, which of the following businesses would be classified as a question mark? a.RigsWheels, a tire manufacturer that has negligible market share in a slow-growing industry b.PrimeSmart, a smartphone manufacturer that is the market leader in a rapidly growing industry c.HappyTot, a children's toy company that has been earning steady profits in a slow-growing industry d.RainTech, an electronics company that is struggling for market share in a fast-growing industry

d.RainTech, an electronics company that is struggling for market share in a fast-growing industry

_____ is the abundance or shortage of critical organizational resources in an organization's external environment. Select one: a.Resource augmentation b.Resource equilibrium c.Resource leveling d.Resource scarcity

d.Resource scarcity

Which of the following is a type of operational plan that saves managers' time because once the plan is created, it can be used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events? a.Tactical plan b.Single-use plan c.Budget plan d.Standing plan

d.Standing plan

In the context of the specific environment of an organization, which of the following is a difference between supplier dependence and buyer dependence? Select one: a.Supplier dependence takes into account the importance of a consumer to a supplier's sales, whereas buyer dependence takes into account the importance of a manufacturer's products to a company. b.A high degree of buyer dependence can lead to opportunistic behavior, whereas a high degree of supplier dependence does not lead to opportunistic behavior. c.Supplier dependence relates to the difficulty of finding consumers for a particular product, whereas buyer dependence relates to the difficulty of finding dealers of a particular product. d.Supplier dependence is the degree to which a company relies on a dealer for the dealer's product, whereas buyer dependence is the degree to which a supplier relies on a consumer.

d.Supplier dependence is the degree to which a company relies on a dealer for the dealer's product, whereas buyer dependence is the degree to which a supplier relies on a consumer.

In the context of structured conflict, which of the following is a difference between the devil's advocacy approach and dialectical inquiry? a.The devil's advocacy approach does not lead to improved decision quality, whereas dialectical inquiry leads to improved decision quality. b.The devil's advocacy approach uses a panel of experts to respond to questions and to each other until reaching agreement on an issue, whereas dialectical inquiry involves group members who quietly write down and evaluate ideas to be shared with the group. c.The devil's advocacy approach results in the creation of a-type conflicts, whereas dialectical inquiry results in the creation of c-type conflicts. d.The devil's advocacy approach involves assigning an individual the role of critic, whereas dialectical inquiry involvesgeneration of a solution that is the opposite of a proposed solution.

d.The devil's advocacy approach involves assigning an individual the role of critic, whereas dialectical inquiry involvesgeneration of a solution that is the opposite of a proposed solution.

In the context of managing innovation, identify a difference between the experiential approach and the compression approach. a.The experiential approach is used during periods of incremental change, whereas the compression approach is used during periods of discontinuous change. b.The goal of the experiential approach is incremental improvements in the performance and function of the existing dominant design, whereas the goal of the compression approach is the establishment of a new dominant design. c.The experiential approach is used to manage innovation in highly certain environments, whereas the compression approach is used to manage innovation in highly uncertain environments. d.The general strategy in the experiential approach is to build something new, different, and substantially better, whereas the general strategy in the compression approach is to reduce the time and steps to make small, consistent improvements in performance and functionality.

d.The general strategy in the experiential approach is to build something new, different, and substantially better, whereas the general strategy in the compression approach is to reduce the time and steps to make small, consistent improvements in performance and functionality.

Which of the following theories holds that leaders are taller and more confident and have greater physical stamina (i.e., higher energy levels) than nonleaders? a.Situational leadership theory b.Contingency theory c.Path-goal theory d.Trait theory

d.Trait theory

In the context of communication, which of the following is a difference between encoding and decoding? a.The process of encoding is affected by noise, whereas the process of decoding is not affected by noise. b.Unlike decoding, the process of encoding is immediately followed by the process of providing feedback to the sender of a message. c.Encoding does not require a communication channel, whereas decoding requires a communication channel. d.Unlike encoding, decoding is the process by which the receiver translates the verbal or symbolic form of a message into an understood message.

d.Unlike encoding, decoding is the process by which the receiver translates the verbal or symbolic form of a message into an understood message.

Which of the following is a difference between oral communication and written communication? a.Written communication is a richer communication medium than oral communication. b.Written communication provides more nonverbal cues than oral communication. c.Unlike written communication, oral communication is well suited for delivering straightforward messages and information. d.Unlike written communication, oral communication is well suited for delivering complex, ambiguous, or emotionally laden messages.

d.Unlike written communication, oral communication is well suited for delivering complex, ambiguous, or emotionally laden messages.

Coulson, the operations manager at a chemical manufacturing company, finds that the air pollutants released by the company have become very high. To arrive at a decision to resolve the issue, he defines the problem and then identifies decision criteria. In the context of rational decision-making, which of the following is the next step that Coulson should ideally take? a.Computing the optimal decision b.Generating alternative courses of action c.Making absolute comparisons d.Weighing the decision criteria

d.Weighing the decision criteria

A difference between workplace diversity and affirmative action is that _____. a.affirmative action guarantees diversity, whereas diversity does not guarantee affirmative action b.unlike diversity programs, organizations that pursue affirmative action programs do so voluntarily c.organizations cannot achieve diversity without affirmative action, whereas affirmative action can take place without diversity d.affirmative action is required by law for private employers with fifty or more employees, whereas diversity is not

d.affirmative action is required by law for private employers with fifty or more employees, whereas diversity is not

In the context of organizational development, the purpose of small-group interventions is to _____. a.change the character and performance of an organization, business unit, or department b.help people acquire new skills and knowledge c.increase interpersonal effectiveness by helping people to become aware of their attitudes d.assess how a group functions and help it work more effectively to accomplish its goals

d.assess how a group functions and help it work more effectively to accomplish its goals

Diversity drives business growth by _____. a.weakening business monopoly b.decreasing competition in the industry c.reinforcing affirmative action d.attracting different customers and markets

d.attracting different customers and markets

Matheos goes to an Internet café and tries to access his emails. The email service provider asks Matheos to enter his email address along with the password associated with it. By asking for the email address and the password, the email service provider is _____. a.authorizing Matheos b.decrypting Matheos c.acknowledging Matheos d.authenticating Matheos

d.authenticating Matheos

According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, people at the _____ of moral development make decisions that conform to societal expectations. a.preconventional level b.unconventional level c.postconventional level d.conventional level

d.conventional level

Jose is a school teacher. If his students score less than 50% on their class tests, he assigns them extra homework. Jose is using _____. a.concurrent control b.reactive control c.feedforward control d.feedback control

d.feedback control

According to the normative decision theory, leaders who share problems with their subordinates and then have them make decisions use a(n) _____. a.repressive decision style b.consultative decision style c.autocratic decision style d.group decision style

d.group decision style

Asterisk Inc. decided to change some of its policies. Jeremiah, a team manager, conducted a meeting to inform his team about the management's decision. During the meeting, the majority of Jeremiah's team members were in favor of the policies except Sandi. As a result, Sandi decided not to voice her concerns about the policy changes fearing negative consequences. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____. a.synergy b.reverse psychology c.conservative bias d.groupthink

d.groupthink

In the context of ethical intensity, unlikeproximity of effect,concentration of effect is: a.the chance that something will happen that results in harm to others. b.the social distance of a decision maker from those affected by his or her decisions. c.the total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision. d.how much an act affects the average person.

d.how much an act affects the average person.

Akiko works at the information desk of a gallery. She is shy and tends to speak only when spoken to. Akiko is an artist herself. She is quiet, thoughtful, and reads a lot about the art world and has in-depth knowledge about the gallery's artwork. In the context of personalities, Akiko is a(n) _____. a.extravert b.mediator c.narcissist d.introvert

d.introvert

In the context of maintaining flexibility while planning, unlike traditional planning, options-based planning _____. a.involves committingpeople and resources to a particular course of action b.reduces flexibility c.involves making large investments in many alternative plans over a long period of time d.involves maintaining slack resources

d.involves maintaining slack resources

Unlike holding cost, stockout cost _____. a.is also known as carrying cost b.does not include the transaction costs of overtime work and shipping c.includes inventory taxes and the cost of obsolescence d.is incurred when a company runs out of a product

d.is incurred when a company runs out of a product

Alivia owns a store that sells leather products made from mushroom caps. She cares for the environment and the welfare of animals. To run her business successfully, she employs people who think outside the box and wish to protect animals from exploitation. This is an example of _____. a.bureaucratic control b.concertive control c.objective control d.normative control

d.normative control

Cathlene runs a cake shop. Her primary goal is to set up the largest chain of cake shops in the city. Another goal of Cathlene's is to sell 400 cakes in December. In this scenario, Cathlene's goal of selling 400 cakes in December is an example of a _____. a.capstone goal b.distal goal c.passive goal d.proximal goal

d.proximal goal

Bill manages to complete every project he is involved in before its deadline. In the context of scientific management, Bill can be considered a(n) _____. Select one: a.opinion leader b.soldier c.bureaucrat d.rate buster

d.rate buster

Jane always finishes the work assigned to her before her team members. Her performance never dropped even when she was working on different projects with different teams. In the context of scientific management, Jane can be considered a(n) _____. Select one: a.bureaucrat b.opinion leader c.soldier d.rate buster

d.rate buster

Managers can use overt integrity tests to _____. Select one: a.reinforce the ethical principle of individual rights b.assess the ethical intensity of an issue c.differentiate between the ethics of primary and secondary stakeholders d.select and hire ethical employees

d.select and hire ethical employees

Edit Lab's copy editors can work at their own pace provided they make their submissions on time. This is a convenient setup for its employees because it uses _____. a.behavior control b.concertive control c.normative control d.self-control

d.self-control

Management by objectives is a management technique often used by middle managers to develop and carry out _____. a.operational plans b.strategic plans c.standing plans d.tactical plans

d.tactical plans

Zeto Bank requires its customers to provide their customer identification number, their respective passwords, and a one-time password that is sent via SMS to their registered cell phone numbers to access the bank's online banking services. It is evident that Zeto Bank has adopted _____. a.two-factor authorization b.three-step authorization c.three-step authentication d.two-factor authentication

d.two-factor authentication

Partially finished goods are also called _____. a.finished goods inventories b.component parts inventories c.raw material inventories d.work-in-process inventories

d.work-in-process inventories

Vegan Steaks had the best year ever, with sales of $4,500,000 and operating profit of $950,000. The previous year's operating profit was $900,000. They contributed their success to the purchase of a new machine. That machine was purchased for $20,000 the year before and cost Vegan Steaks $5,000 to operate. The balance sheet at the end of the year showed accumulated depreciation of $4,000. Calculate the ROI for the year. HINT: Depreciation (when you have it) is a gain as it lowers the tax liability of the business. Select one: a.120% b.14% c.13% d.180% e.150% f.16% g.170%

g.170%