Management Test Two!
characteristics of an organic organization
-Cross-functional teams -Cross-hierarchical teams -Free flow of information -Wide spans of control -Decentralization -Low formalization -job holders have broad responsibilities and they change as needs arise -communication occurs through advice and information rather than rules and instruction -decision making and influence are more decentralized and informal -expertise is highly valued -jobholders rely more heavily on judgement than rules -commitment to the organization's goals is more important than obedience to authority -employees relate informally
Disadvantages of the Matrix Organization
-Unclear responsibilities and competing priorities. -Violation of the unity-of-command principle. -Accountability difficult to define. -Conflict and stress for employees who must manage a dual reporting role. -Additional time required for meetings and other communications. -Extensive collaboration needed but not always easy to reward
Advantages of Product Departmentalization
-all activities associated with one product are integrated and coordinated -speed and effectiveness of decision making are enhanced -performance of individual products or product groups can be assessed -product managers receive broader training -product managers are strategic -product managers receive broader training -product managers have significant autonomy and control
Factors Affecting the Wage Mix
-compentation policy -worth of job -employees relative worth -employer's ability to pay
People ask a lot from leaders of their organization, including which of the following?
-competence and proper management -respectful and fair treatment -support for personal development
three coordination methods
-coordination by mutual adjustment -cooridination by plans -coordination by standardization
Human Resources create a competitive advantage when it
-creates value -is rare -is difficult to immitate -is organized
Managers can reduce the need for information in two ways
-creating slack resources -creating self contained tasks
Advantages of Functional Departmentalization
-economies of scale can be recognized -monitoring of the environment is more effective -greater opportunity for specialized training and in-depth skill development -technical specialists are relatively free of administrative work -decision making and lines of communication are simple and clearly understood
The Board of Directors
-ensures ethical and legal conduct -chooses the CEO -determines the firms strategic direction
five sources of power
-expertise -authority -control over rewards -control over punishments -appealing personal charateristics
Pro of the matrix form
-higher degree of flexibility and adaptability -greater loyalty to the company as a whole -more sharing of information
rules of thumb for effective upward communication
-it should not be held against the communicator -it should not be punished -it should not be brushed off
techniques for practicing how well one listens?
-judge content, not delivery -keep your mind open -resist distraction
what is true about managers and leaders?
-leaders are responsible for different processes than managers -both are important to an organization -the same person can be both a manager and a leader
Advantages of Matrix Organization
-linkage of employees at all levels and at all functions to the company's goals and strategy -more information shared across functions -communication fostered; especially valuable for complex assignments where different groups depend on each other -greater responsiveness to customers from bringing together information about customer needs and organizational capabilities -creative ideas from cross functional work -loyalty to the organization as a whole rather than to a single function or division
Benefits of Good Orientation Training
-lower employee turnover -higher morale -better productivity -lower recruiting and training costs
Management versus Leadership
-managers deal with ongoing day to day complexities of an organization -managing requires planning and budget routines -managing requires structuring the organization, staffing it with capable people and monitoring results -leading involves orchestrating Important change -leading involves setting a direction/vision for the firm -leaders keep employees focused on the strategic vision/working toward their ideal future
As a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, gender discrimination is gradually being eliminated. Women have been positively impacted, although equality has not yet been achieved. Which of the following conditions still exist for women in the workforce? (Check all that apply.)
-pay disparity -underrepresentation at most senior levels of corporate life
Advantages of functional departmentalization
-savings generally results -economies of scale can be realized -performance standards are better maintained -technical specialists are relatively free of administrative work -environmental monitoring is more effective -decision making and lines of communication are simple
**use a wide span of control when
-work is clearly defined/unanbiguous -subordinates are highly trained and have access to information -managers are capable and supportive of subordinates -subordinates have similar jobs and a rated on comparable performance measures -the organization is small
brokers/managers serve several important boundary spanning roles that aid network integration and coordination
1) Designer Role 2) Process Engineering Role 3) Nurturing Role
the skills teams need include
1) technical or functional expertise 2) problem solving or decision making skills 3) Interpersonal skills all three should be equally represented/emphasized
HR planning includes job analysis- which answers the questions:
1)tells the HR manager about each jobs specific and essential tasks, duties, responsibilities (job description) 2)describes the knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics required to perform the job
How can managers obtain high performance norms and cohesivensss
1. Consider recruiting people with similar attitudes, backgrounds and beliefs 2. Maintain high entrance and socialization standards 3. Foster and practice empathy 4. keep the team small 5. help the team succeed and publicize its success 6. Be a participative leader 7. Present a challenge from outside the team 8. Tie rewards to team performance
Deming's 14 points of quality
1. Create constancy of purpose.-long term improvement over short term profit 2. Adopt a new philosophy. 3. Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality. 4. End the practice of awarding business solely on cost. 5. Improve planning, production, and service. 6. Institute training on the job. 7. Adopt and institute leadership. 8. Drive out fear (two-way communication). 9. Break down interdepartmental barriers. 10. Eliminate exhortations for the workforce. 11. Eliminate numerical quotas for productivity. 12. Permit pride in workmanship. 13. Encourage education and self-improvement. 14. Define management's commitment to CQI.
horizontal process
1. Direct contact (mutual adjustment) 2. Liaison Roles 3. Task Forces 4. Permanent Independent decision making groups 5. Product, program or project managers 6. Matrix Organizations
Four Pertinent Leadership Behaviors (Path-Goal Theory)
1. Directive Leadership (a form of performance oriented behavior) 2. Supportive Leadership (a form of group maintenance oriented behavior) 3. Participative Leadership, or decision style 4. Achievement Oriented Leadership (or behaviors geared towards motivating people, such as setting challenging goals and rewarding good performance)
team effectiveness is defined by three criteria
1. Team Productivity 2. Member Satisfaction 3. Member Commitment
Delegation Steps
1. define the goal succinctly 2. select the person for the task 3. ask for the subordinate's views regarding the selected approaches 4. give the subordinate the authority, time and resources to complete the assignment 5. review progress at appropriate intervals.
performance appraisals serve two basic purposes:
1. generates information managers need to evaluate past performance 2. Developmental purpose- can help identify the training and support needed to help the individual grow
The best alliances/partnerships:
1. relationship- both partners work hard on developing a positive working relationship 2. metrics- the partners measure how they are going to succeed not just the end results 3. differences- the partners embrace differences in one another 4. control- both partners emphasize collaborative behavior with less emphasis on formal systems and structures 5. Management- the partners manage their internal stakeholders who are involved in the alliance
The Wagner Act
1935, also National Labor Relations Act; granted rights to unions; allowed collective bargaining
The U.S. Census Bureau projects that by ________, members of "minority" groups will collectively represent a majority of the U.S. population.
2045
In order to meet six sigma standards, the maximum defect per million is
3.4
Benefits now constitute about ______ percent of payroll costs.
30
Ratio of CEO pay to that of average worker
350:1
A______ has the advantage of giving a fuller picture of an employee's strengths and weaknesses.
360 degree performance appraisal
Age discrimination remains a widespread problem. A study by AARP found that nearly ________ percent of workers over age 45 have encountered age discrimination.
60
at six sigma, a product or process is defect free
99.99966 percent of the time
Social enterprise
A business with mainly social objectives that reinvests most of its profits into benefiting society rather than maximising returns to owners
Working Group
A collection of people who work in the same area or have been drawn together to undertake a task but do not necessarily come together as a unit and achieve significant performance improvements.
Level 5 Leadership
A combination of strong professional will (determination) and humility that builds enduring greatness. Considered by some to be the ultimate leadership style. Level 5 leadership is a combination of strong professional will and humility that encourages others' involvement and builds enduring greatness.
merit pay system
A compensation system in which base pay increases are determined by individual performance
strategic alliance
A formal relationship created among independent organizations with the purpose of joint pursuit of mutual goals. Different organizations share administrative authority, form social links and accept joint ownership
Top Management Team
A group composed of the CEO, the president, and the heads of the most important departments eg CFO
trait approach
A leadership perspective that attempts to determine the personal characteristics that great leaders share and emulate those
Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory
A life-cycle theory of leadership postulating that a manager should consider an employee's psychological and job maturity before deciding whether task performance or maintenance behaviors are more important.
glass ceiling
A metaphor alluding to the invisible barriers that prevent minorities and women from being promoted to top corporate positions; an invisible barrier that makes it difficult to go beyond a certain hierarchal level.
virtual office
A mobile office in which people can work anywhere, as long as they have the tools to communicate with customers and colleagues. -avoids public health risks -saves money -hiring and retaining talented people is easier -can lead to burnout
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
A multifaceted process focusing on creating two-way exchanges with customers to foster intimate knowledge of their needs, wants, and buying patterns.
Nurturing role
A network developer who nurtures and enhances the network to make certain the relationships are healthy and mutually beneficial
360-degree appraisal
A performance appraisal by peers, subordinates, superiors, and sometimes clients who are in a position to evaluate a manager's performance. People receive feedback from every direction.
Which of the following statements is supported by the equity theory?
A person who believes their outcome-to-input ratio is lower than another's will feel inequitably treated.
Affirmative Action
A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities by intentionally seeking out these groups to hire
Two-way communication
A process in which information flows in two directions—the receiver provides feedback, and the sender is receptive to the feedback. Information is shared between both parties. Two way communication is more difficult and time consuming for both parties. However it is more accurate: fewer mistakes occur and fewer problems arise later
continuous process technologies
A process that is highly automated and has a continuous production flow, do not have a stop and start. Structure can return to a more organic form because less monitoring and supervision are needed. Communication tends to be more informal with fewer rules and regulations being established. removes people from the process; work is done by machines or computers. -fewer rules/regulations -more informal communication
accommodation
A style of dealing with conflict involving cooperation on behalf of the other party but not being assertive about one's own interests.
compromise
A style of dealing with conflict involving moderate attention to both parties concerns.
Just-in-time operations (JIT)
A system that calls for subassemblies and components to be manufactured in very small lots and delivered to the next stage of the production process just as they are needed.
Which tasks take place during the forming stage of team development? (Check all that apply.)
Acceptable behavior of team members is identified. Ground rules are set.
VUCA
An acronym for volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous that captures the context in which today's organizations compete.
task specialist roles
An individual who has more advanced job-related skills/technical skills and abilities than other group members possess.
Which of the following statements about types of economies is true?
An organization's large size often creates scale economies and economies of scope.
Divisional Organizational Structure
An organizational structure in which divisions are separated by product, customer, market or region. Every division houses all functions such as r/d, finance, marketing, etc. separate divisions act almost as separate profit centers/businesses and work fairly independently toward the goals of the entire enterprise.
According to path-goal theory, which of the following statements regarding the importance of follower characteristics are true? (Check all that apply)
Authoritarianism is the degree to which individuals defer to authority. Ability is people's beliefs about their abilities to perform their jobs. Locus of control is the extent to which people believe they can affect their environment.
Top management teams meet regularly with the Blank______ and assist in making decisions.
CEO
Knowledge Management
Capitalizing on the intellect and experience of the organization's human assets to increase collaboration and effectiveness is referred to as______.
Which statement about being a complete communicator is true?
Complete communicators must be effective senders as well as receivers.
reward power
Compliance achieved based on the ability to distribute rewards that others view as valuable; leaders can give subordinates valuable rewards
content validity
Concerns the degree to which selection tests measure a representative sample of the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for the job
cohesiveness is important for two reasons
Contributes to member satisfaction & Has a major impact on performance
coaching
Dialogue with a goal of helping another be more effective and achieve his or her full potential on the job.
Which practices assist in team development of fast-forming, fast-acting, temporary teams?
Emphasizing the team's purpose Building psychological safety Embracing failure
The Garden State Manufacturing Company is attempting to coordinate activities by establishing routines and standard operating procedures that remain in place over time. This is an example of coordination by mutual adjustment.
False
forces in the manager
Feelings of security, personal values, confidence in employees
Which of the following is a situational approach to leadership that postulates that effectiveness depends on the personal style of the leader and the degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence over the situation?
Fielder's Contingency Model
autonomous work groups
Groups that control decisions about and execution of a complete range of tasks-acquiring raw materials and performing operations, monitoring quality, doing maintenance, and shipping. They are fully responsible for an entire product or an entire part of the production process
Programming
HR Activities -recruitment -selection -diversity and inclusion -training and development -performance appraisal -reward systems -labor relations
Human Resource Planning
HR environmental scanning -labor markets -technology -legislation -competition -economy HR planning -demand forecast -internal/external labor supply -job analysis
High Cohesiveness and Low Performance Norms
High goal attainment (groups perspective) and lowest task performance (managements perspective)
dynamic capabilities
Higher level capabilities that enable an organization to continuously adapt to new technologies and changes in the external environment.
mentors
Higher-level managers who help ensure that high-potential people are introduced to top management and socialized into the norms and values of the organization.
Common and Misleading Assumptions
Homogeneity-we are all the same Similarity-"they" are all just like me Parochialism-only one way myth: our way is the only way. We do not recognize any other way of working or living Ethnocentrism- our way is the best way; all other approaches are inferior
_____ communication can take place among people in the same work team or in different departments.
Horizontal
Erik, a management intern at Struebing, Incorporated, was tasked with investigating ways for Struebing to more effectively compete on a global basis. He was intrigued to learn about ________blank as a framework by which to improve quality and to gain certification in accordance with these quality standards.
ISO 9001
Jasmine manages a factory that manufactures automotive wiring harnesses. Her customers require that their suppliers be ________certified, so that the suppliers' products are compliant with specified voluntary quality standards—standards that are recognized worldwide.
ISO 9001
Which of the following are ways an organization can communicate the commitment of top management to its employees?
Incorporate the organization's attitudes toward diversity into its mission statement and strategic plans Participate in diversity programs and making participation mandatory for all managers Link managerial compensation directly to the accomplishment of diversity goals
charismatic leaders
Individuals who arouse strong followership through inspirational visions and/or compelling personal attributes. Charismatic leaders find ways to satisfy others' needs and help reduce their stress
The Four Stage Model of Dispute Resolution
Investigate, Review Findings, Apply Solutions, Follow-up
When a situation is unfavorable for leading, how does this impact the manager's job?
It becomes difficult to maintain situational control.
Which of the following statement about cohesiveness is true?
It can sometimes have negative effects on performance. eg groupthink
benefits of orientation training
It helps to increase morale. It results in lower employee turnover.
Which of the following is true of negative reinforcement?
It involves removing or withholding an undesirable consequence.
Which statement best explains what a cohesive group should do to ensure it makes good decisions?
It should establish a norm of constructive disagreement.
Which of the following is NOT a rule of thumb for effective upward communication?
It should not be repeated
Which are problems associated with downward communication?
Lack of openness Withholding of information Filtering
Psuedotransformational leadership
Leaders who talk about positive change but allow their self-interest to take precedence over followers' needs
Which are managerial actions that can help create a team with cohesiveness and high-performance norms?
Maintain high entrance and socialization standards. Help the team succeed, and publicize its successes. Present a competitive challenge from outside the team.
work teams
Make or do things like manufacture, assemble, sell, or provide service
Which of the following are problems associated with upward communication?
Managers are bombarded with information and may neglect some of it. People only share good news with their bosses and suppress bad news. Managers may miss information from below due to information overload
Which statements describes the way lateral relationships impact organizations?
Managing relationships means interaction between groups or group members and other people in other groups. Activities crucial to the team are those that entail dealing with people outside of the group.
flexible factories
Manufacturing plants that have short production runs, are organized around products, and use decentralized scheduling. work cells or teams focus on one product at a time.
The words "group" and "team" are often used interchangeably. Which characteristics are more likely to describe a team rather than a group?
Members have complementary skills. Members have common goals and a common approach Members trust each other.
strategic alliances occur between
NGOs, governments, Universities, and across sectors
Which skills are needed by managers and groups members to make a team work? (Check all that apply.)
Negotiating goals that everyone supports Building cooperation Finding constructive ways to deal with conflict Delivering on promises made
Which skills are needed by managers and groups members to make a team work?
Negotiating goals that everyone supports Finding constructive ways to deal with conflict Delivering on promises made Building cooperation
Which of the following are forms of discrimination that have been used against women?
Not allowing women to hold credit cards Setting quotas to limit women in professional training schools Restricting jobs to one gender
Which of the following statements is true about a 360-degree appraisal?
Often, the person being rated can select the appraisers.
Conditions that support lean manufacturing
People are broadly trained rather than specialized. Communication is informal and horizontal among line workers. Equipment is general-purpose. Work is organized in teams, or cells, that produce a group of similar products. Supplier relationships are long-term and cooperative. Product development is concurrent, not sequential, and is done by cross-functional teams.
What characteristics of performance goals will help improve team performance?
Performance should be defined by collective end products. They will encourage communication within the team. Goals should be team-based.
ordinary capabilities
Pertain to basic administrative and operational functions needed to get tasks done.
open book management
Practice of sharing with employees at all levels of the organization vital information previously meant for management's eyes only.
Psuedotransformational leadership
Pseudotransformational leaders are the opposite of authentic leaders. Pseudotransformational leaders talk a good game, but they ignore followers' real needs as their own self-interests (power, prestige, control, wealth, fame) take precedence.
Evaluating
Results -productivity -quality -innovation -satisfaction -turnover -absenteeism -health
shared leadership
Rotating leadership, in which people rotate through the leadership role based on which person has the most relevant skills at a particular time.
unexamined assumptions
Seeing the world from someone else's perspective can be difficult because our own assumptions and viewpoints seem so normal and familiar.
Which of the following acts of courage are required for a leader to fulfill his or her vision?
Seeing things as they are and facing them head-on Saying what needs to be said to those who need to hear it Persisting despite resistance
Denise works as a quality-control inspector on the assembly line for Leprechaun Candies. One day, she encounters a problem: chocolates are rolling off the line with the wrappers inverted such that the company's logo is on the inside of the wrapper. Based on your knowledge of lean manufacturing, what should Denise do?
She should stop the operation immediately and call for help.
Which statement about conflict in the workplace is true?
Some conflict is constructive for the organization.
Which of the following statements about the comparable worth doctrine is true?
Some states have comparable worth laws for public sector employees.
Which of the following are associated with the productive output criteria of team effectiveness?
Standards of quantity or quality are exceeded. Outputs are acceptable to the customers.
Time-based competition (TBC)
Strategies aimed at reducing the total time needed to deliver a good or service. TBC has serval key organizational elements: logistics, just in time operations, and concurrent engineering
lean manufacturing
Strives to achieve the highest possible productivity and total quality, cost-effectively, by eliminating unnecessary steps in the production process and continually striving for improvement. Underused staff, inventory and overhead are considered wasteful. The emphasis is on quality, speed and flexibility more than cost, efficiency and hierarchy
According to Fiedler, what determines the favorability of a situation?
Task structure Position power Leader-member relations
management teams
Teams that coordinate and provide direction to the subunits under their jurisdiction and integrate work among subunits.
self designing teams
Teams with the responsibilities of autonomous work groups, plus control over hiring, firing, and deciding what tasks members perform.
Results appraisals
Tend to be more objective and can focus on productions data such as sales volume (for a salesperson), units produced (for a line worker), or profits (for a manager).
The legal advisor of Carsten Financial Services informed the human resources (HR) manager that he had noticed a list of problems occurring in the human resources area of the organization. He submitted a report containing three issues of great concern: The men in the organization earn an average of 10 percent more than the women in the same jobs with the same performance levels. Several women in clerical positions report that after announcing they were pregnant, they were taken off the company's health care plan and encouraged to quit. However, men with medical conditions were kept on the health care plan with no risk of being asked to quit. Several employees who qualify for overtime are not being paid overtime rates. In statement 1, which of the following laws is the organization most likely violating?
The Equal Pay Act
Pay Structure
The arrangement of jobs into categories reflecting their relative importance to the organization and its goals, levels of skill required, and other characteristics.
Leadership Motivation
The desire to influence others, especially toward the attainment of shared goals
Which statements describe situations in which teams are not properly empowered?
The group is not allowed to make important decisions. Management does not trust the group with important responsibilities.
What two behaviors should take place during the first critical period of group development?
The group should establish roles. The group should establish desired norms.
What two behaviors should take place during the second critical period of group development?
The group should renew or open lines of communication with the outside. The group should revise its approach if necessary.
logistics
The movement of materials, services, cash, and information in a supply chain.
span of control
The number of subordinates who report directly to an executive or supervisor
outplacement
The process of helping people who have been dismissed from the company regain employment elsewhere.
Select all the ways that teams can contribute to an organization.
They can improve quality. They can increase productivity. They can reduce costs.
ways that a team can contribute to an organization
They can improve quality. They can increase productivity. They can reduce costs.
management teams
They integrate work among the various subunits within the organization. They are based on authority stemming from hierarchical rank. They provide direction to the subunits under their jurisdiction.
characteristics of self managed teams
They make decisions previously made by frontline supervisors. Workers are trained to do all or most of the jobs in the unit. They have no immediate supervisor.
orientation training
Training designed to introduce new employees to the company and familiarize them with policies, procedures, culture, and the like.
quid pro quo harassment
Type of sexual harassment that occurs when an employee is forced to choose between giving in to a superior's sexual demands and forfeiting an economic benefit such as a pay increase, a promotion, or continued employment. (used as a basis for employment decisions)
behavioral-description interview
Type of structured interview in which the interviewer explores what applicants have done in the past
To become effective managers of diverse organizations, which challenges do managers have to identify and overcome? (Check all that apply.)
Unexamined assumptions Stereotyping Communication problems Lack of cohesiveness
Employee resource group (ERG)
Voluntary group for employees who share a particular diversity dimension (race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, etc.); also known as affinity group or network group.
laissez-faire decision making
What occurs when leaders leave employees alone to make the decision. The leader provides minimum guidance and involvement in the decision. This leads to negative attitudes and lower performance.
large batch technologies
When goods or services are provided in higher volumes, however variety decreases. Structure tends to be more mechanistic. There tend to be more rules and formal procedures, and decision making tends to be centralized with higher spans of control. Communication tends to be more formal . -mass production technologies
Which of the following describes a self-managed team?
Workers are trained to do all or most of the jobs in their unit.
Perception
______ is the process of receiving and interpreting information.
substitutes for leadership
a closely knit work group
Network Organizational Structure
a collection of independent, mostly single-function firms that collaborate on producing a good or service; flexible arrangements among designers, suppliers, producers, distributor, customers,
Total Quality Management (TQM)
a comprehensive approach - led by top management and supported throughout the organization - dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction. It is characterized by a strong customer orientation and organizing work.
the dark triad
a constellation of negative personality traits consisting of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy
integrity
a correspondence between actions and words
slack resources
a cushion of extra resources that can be used with options-based planning to adapt to unanticipated changes, problems, or opportunities
termination interview
a discussion between a manager and an employee about the employee's dismissal- the immediate superior should be the one to deliver the bad news to the employee but it is good to have a third party present.
mechanistic organization
a formal, riding structure with clear reporting relationships between bosses and subordinates and lots of rules and regulations
mechanistic organization
a formal, rigid structure with clear reporting relationships between bosses and subordinates plus rules and regulations ensuring that employees do basic work activities in standard ways.
team
a group of people with complementary skills who trust one another and are committed to a common purpose, common performance goals, and a common approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable
knowledge of the business
a high degree of understanding of the company, industry, and technical matters
Behaviors such as persistent or pervasive displays of pornography, lewd or suggestive remarks, and demeaning taunts or jokes tend to constitute ________, one of the two types of sexual harassment.
a hostile environment
Matrix Organization
a hybrid form of organization in which functional and divisional forms overlap. Managers and staff personal report to two managers: a functional manager and a divisional manager.
Which of the following is included in a job analysis?
a job description and a job specification
Fielder's Contingency Model
a leader's effectiveness is contingent on the extent to which a leader's style fits or matches characteristics of the situation at hand
vision
a mental image of a possible and desirable future state of the organization. It expresses ambitions for the team or organization. A vision should convey high aspirations, the nature of corporate or business strategy or even the kind of culture you want to build
small-batch technology
a method used to produce small quantities of customized, one-of-a-kind products based on the skills of people who work together in small groups. (job shop) -provide low volume, customized services eg a restaurant or doctor's office -structure tends to be organic and decentralized -people heavily engage in mutual adjustment
Designer Role
a network architect who envisions a set of groups of firms whose collective expertise can focus on a particular good or service
Process Engineering Role
a network co-operator who lays out the flow of resources and relationships and makes certain that everyone shares common goals, standards, payments, and the like
Management by Objectives (MBO)
a process of setting mutually agreed upon goals and using those goals to evaluate employee performance
structured interview
a research procedure in which all participants are asked to answer the same questions
drive
a set of characteristics that reflect high effort
mass customization
a strategy that uses technology to deliver customized services on a mass basis- eg automobiles, clothes, computers
Corporate Governance
a term describing the oversight of the firm by its executive staff and board of directors
conflict accommodation
accommodate other peoples wishes, let other have his/her way, appease shows some concern for other
Employees are expected to perform a job and report upward on the status and quality of their performance, and managers have the right to take corrective action when necessary. What concept does this describe?
accountability
Andrea delegates an important project to José. Andrea tells José that he must give her regular reports. Andrea also tells José that she will take over the work if José falls behind or does not produce quality results. This is an example of
accountability.
group maintenance behaviors
actions taken to ensure the satisfaction of group members, develop and maintain harmonious work relationships, and preserve the social stability of the group
group maintenance behaviors
actions taken to ensure the satisfaction of group members, develop and maintain harmonious work relationships, and preserve the social stability of the group. This dimension is sometimes referred to ask concern for people, supportive leadership or consideration.
An organization that is prepared to meet the complex and ever-changing challenges that it constantly confronts is ______.
adaptable
A disadvantage of the matrix structure is that
additional time is required for meetings and coordination.
Managers and leaders are not the same thing. What makes managers different from leaders is that managers have the responsibility to ________ while leaders do not.
address day to day complexities
5,5 Middle-of-the-Road Management
adequate organization performance is possible through balancing the necessity to get out work with maintaining morale of people at a satisfactory level
In organic organizations, communication tends to occur through
advice
dynamic network
also called a modular or virtual corporation-it is composed of temporary arrangements that can be assembled and reassembled to meet a changing competitive environment.
3) Because members of some underrepresented groups recognize holidays other than those celebrated by the majority, the company has introduced a flexible work system that allows these employees to take time off during their holidays. The third component of Oxford Industries' "Stay and Grow with Oxford" program, allowing members of underrepresented groups to work a flexible schedule that allows them time off to celebrate holidays recognized by their group, is an example of
alternative work arrangements.
ambidextrous organization
an organization able to balance and harness different activities in trade-off situations. They are simultaneously good at exploitation (using what it knows to effectively and efficiently perform as needed) and exploration (seeking and creating ways to meet future needs).
monolithic organization
an organization that is demographically and culturally homogeneous; very little diversity. Groups not in the majority work in low-status jobs.
noise
anything that interferes with, distorts, or slows down the transmission of information/communication
The key situational factors in path-goal theory are (1) personal characteristics of the followers and (2) environmental pressures and demands. These factors determine which leadership styles are the most
appropriate
transnational teams
are composed of multinational members whose activities span multiple countries. such teams differ from other work teams by being multicultural and by often being so geographically dispersed while working on highly complex projects having considerable impact on company objectives. transnational teams tend to be virtual teams, communicating electronically more than face to face, although other types of teams may operate virtually as well.
Stockholders are individuals or other entities who
are rarely directly involved in managing the company.
trait appraisals
are ratings of such subjective attributes as "attitude" "initiative" and "leadership" -these are often measured on a scale of 1-10 -not as valid as performance measures
boundary spanning teams
are responsible for interfacing with other teams to eliminate production bottlenecks and implement new processes and for working with suppliers on quality issues.
The traditional American image of diversity has been one of
assimilation
Jordan is a candidate for a research position with Southwestern Fine Chemicals. Though well-qualified for the job, he has a hearing impairment. Despite private concerns about the prospective employee's disability, the manager decides to hire Jordan. In order to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act (ADAAA) and help Jordan accommodate his impairment, the company should provide him with
assistive technology
the behavioral approach to leadership
attempts to identify what good leaders do
Managing Diversity requires
attending carefully to the HRM principles of recruiting, training and promoting people of different backgrounds and perspectives
Diversity implies brining in multiple distinctive groups each sharing one or more commonalities whereas inclusion involves offering people a fair opportunity to participate and contribute fully and the support to be
authentically themselves
the owners of the firm (shareholders) have the ultimate
authority
organic organization
authority is decentralized, there are fewer rules and procedures, and networks of employees are encouraged to cooperate and respond quickly to unexpected tasks (emphasizes flexibility)
Which type of work group controls decisions about and execution of such tasks as acquiring raw materials and performing operations, quality control, maintenance, and shipping?
autonomous
pay level
average amount the organization pays for a particular job
Which conflict management approaches have recently been found to negatively affect performance in the electronic and virtual team environment?
avoidance and compromise
group incentive plans
base pay on group performance
Which are ways to improve one's skills in sending a message?
be consistent be direct be honest
Which are ways to improve one's skills in sending a message?
be honest be direct be consistent
supervisory leadership
behavior that provides performance goals, guidance, support, and corrective feedback for day to day activities
Grid training was warmly received for a while but it has recently been criticized for
being too simplistic and advocating a one-best-way style of leadership.
the role of managers changes in a network from supervising direct reports to more of that like a
broker; brokers/managers serve several important boundary spanning roles that aid network integration and coordination.
selection
builds on recruiting and is a decision about whom to hire
large organizations are typically less organic and more
bureaucratic
jargon is a form of shorthand that makes communication more effective and efficient when both the sender and the receiver know the
buzzwords. But otherwise, misunderstandings result.
tough times can cause decisions to be more
centralized
The most effective developmental experiences have which components?
challenge support assessment
According to James Kouzes and Barry Posner, the best leaders
challenge the process
According to James Kouzes and Barry Posner, what do the best business leaders do?
challenge the process
Leaders who are self-confident and create an atmosphere of competence and success that they are able to communicate to their subordinates are ______ leaders.
charismatic
Sawyer entertained conversations with his team to help them master the new manufacturing process and thus be more effective. He is engaging in the _______ process.
coaching
Johanna was a bit surprised to learn that a(n) ________ test would be required to be considered for a supervisory position at Connie's Turf-n-Surf Restaurant. She had never considered that her intellectual abilities, including verbal comprehension and numerical aptitude, would be assessed for such a position.
cognitive ability
diversity refers to both demographic and
cognitive differences
The degree to which a group's members perceive things and behave in similar or mutually agreed-upon ways is known as
cohesiveness
The members of Tom's group are very loyal to the group and enjoy being a part of it. This is an example of a fundamental property of groups called group ______.
cohesiveness
diversity can create a lack of
cohesiveness; the degree to which members perceive things and behave in mutually agreed upon ways
The conflict management strategy of ______ offers the best chance of reaching mutually satisfactory solutions based on the ideas and interests of all parties, and of maintaining and strengthening work relationships.
collaborating
External factors affecting the wage mix include conditions of the labor market, the cost of living, and
collective bargaining.
In order to develop a world-class core capability, a company should first
commit to excellence and leadership in capabilities.
The transmission of information and meaning from one party to another through the use of shared symbols is called ______.
communication
downward communication
communication that flows from higher to lower levels in an organization eg manager giving an assignment to an assistant
Which of the following is a risk associated with the use of electronic communications media?
company leaks
downward communications are needed and should be conducted quickly prior to
company mergers/acquisitions
Which technique has been recently found to positively affect the performance of virtual teams?
competition
mass customization is made possible by computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) which links
computerized production efforts
maintenance oriented behavior
concern for people
performance oriented behavior
concern for production
Fritz told his management team, "Our workflow occurs in an orderly, yet slow, process, from research to engineering to manufacturing. To be more competitive, we must speed up our research and product development through the use of _______. In this manner, we will incorporate the issues and perspectives of all the functions—including suppliers and customers—from the beginning of the process."
concurrent engineering
Time-based competition elements include which of the following?
concurrent engineering
During assessment, you should Blank______.
consider what your personal goals are think about your previous successes and failures
Relability and validity
consistency and accuracy of findings in judging the quality of the study
In high functioning organizations, informal appraisal and feedback happen
constantly
fundamental to the high involvement organization
continual feedback to participants regarding how they are doing compared with the competition and how well they are meeting their strategic agenda
According to Fiedler's contingency model, effective leadership is a function of personal style of the leader and the degree to which the situation gives the leader ______ over the situation. (Check all that apply.)
control, power and influence
the most powerful messages
convey excitement are told with stories and pictures are simple and informative
The primary role of a management team is to ______.
coordinate and provide direction to subunits
what procedures link the various parts of the organization to achieve the organization's overall mission
coordination
The simplest and most flexible approach to coordination, which involves having interdependent parties talk to one another, is ______.
coordination by mutual adjustment
When interdependent units are required to meet deadlines and objectives that contribute to a common goal, it is known as ______.
coordination by plan
Frasier Industries has knowledge, expertise, and skill in producing surgical needles that allow the company to be a leader in the surgical needle market. This ability to lead in the industry is called a ______.
core capability
Stereotyping
creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike
One beneficial outcome of constructive conflict is
creativity
teams improve the quality of decision making and are powerful forces for innovation, change and
creativity
People are more likely to recall and accept messages presented as stories that are ______.
credible emotional concrete surprising
the richest media are more personal than psychological, provide quick feedback, allow lots of descriptive language and send many different types of
cues (face to face is the richest medium)
The top management of EatWell, a snack food manufacturer, sits down for an annual meeting. The chairperson, Janelle, wants to create processes that will help the company interact with customers and gather knowledge of their wants, needs, and buying patterns. She also wants to improve internal quality management by using some ideas from Deming's "14 points" theory. The president of the company, Lee, wants to use an approach to management that helps to attain customer satisfaction through tools that deliver high-quality goods. The senior managers put forward the idea that the organization should adopt a method to analyze the causes of defects in products that need to be eliminated to improve customer satisfaction. When Janelle talks about creating processes that would help the company interact with customers and gather knowledge of their wants, needs, and buying patterns, she is referring to
customer relationship management
Which experiences should you seek in developing your personal leadership style?
dealing with others' performance problems taking on challenging assignments working with people of diverse backgrounds
human resource management
deals with formal systems of managing people at work
delegating ________ decision making
decentralizes (more decisions are made at lower levels)
Under equity theory, employees may attempt to ________ in their efforts to restore balance.
decrease others outcomes
empowering
delegating authority, being flexible regarding team decisions, and coaching
Because it involves getting work done through others, Blank______ is perhaps the most fundamental feature of management.
delegation
Integrating diversity into a corporate mission statement is one way to
demonstrate a commitment to diversity programs on the part of top management.
Employees with disabilities are often more ________than other employees.
dependable
individual pay decisions
determine different pay rates for individuals holding similar jobs in the same job family (generally based on either seniority or better performance)
team maintenance roles
develop and maintain harmony within the team; they boost morale, give support, provide humor, soothe hurt feelings, and exhibit concern with members' well-being
audit relationships
develop when people not directly in the chain of command evaluate the methods and performances of other teams
Phase two of training involves
developing a training program
Which are important for team success?
developing problem-solving and decision-making skills having team members with good interpersonal skills
coordination is critical in a
differentiated company
Each unit performs its specific set of tasks in Everyday Fashions Corporation. This is an example of
differentiation
fast food restaurants require medium amounts of
differentiation
Differentiation
differentiation distinguishes and separates distinct jobs from one another through division of labor and job specialization
organizations in complex, intense environments develop a high degree of
differentiation eg automative manufacturers
companies in simple, stable environments require low amounts of
differentiation eg cement companies
According to the path-goal theory, the four pertinent leadership behaviors are ______ leadership.
directive supportive achievement-oriented participative
nightmare traits
dishonesty, disagreeableness and carelessness
Multicultural Organizations
diverse, value differences, and fully integrate all groups both formally and informally. Marked by an absence of prejudice and discrimination and by low levels of intergroup conflict. Fully realizes diversities advantages.
"I really admire Jermaine, our team leader," said Jerri. "Our team has tough goals to accomplish, and Jermaine doesn't just supervise us, he
does real work."
A manager assigning a task to her assistant is an example of ______ communication.
downward
A set of leader characteristics that reflect a high level of effort, ambition, and tenacity refer to the leader's
drive
Advantages of large organizations include
easier access to capital.
An advantage of functional departmentalization is the fact that
economies of scale can be realized
9,1 Authority Compliance
efficiency in operations results from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements interfere to a minimum degree
Expectancy is the link between
effort, performance
According to the expectancy theory, which of the following is the correct order of events?
effort, performance, outcome
Direct contact (mutual adjustment) among managers who share a problem
eg an RA calling an in person meeting to address an issue
According to W. Edwards Deming's 14 points of quality, managers should
eliminate slogans and buzzwords.
written communication includes
emails, texts, memos, reports, spreadsheets, product brochures, and other documents. Advantages are that you can revise and perfect them and save them in a permanent record.
Workflow relationships
emerge as materials are passed from one group to another
relationship-motivated leadership
emphasizes maintaining good interpersonal relationships and is more likely from high-LPC leaders
Ample downward communication can be especially valuable during challenging times, such as during a corporate merger or acquisition, because ______.
employees are anxious about their future
cafeteria-style employee benefits (flexible style benefits)
employees receive credits that they can spend on the benefits they most desire
A sender initiates the communication process by transforming a meaning into symbols and transmits the message through some channel. This is known as the ________ process
encoding
The process of converting information into symbols that can be conveyed to others is known as ______
encoding
diversity training that identifies problems and enhances awareness falls short if it doesn't highlight
essential behavioral skills
What two behaviors should take place during the first critical period of group development?
establish roles establish norms
The National Labor Relations Act of 1935
established five unfair employer labor practices.
The final stage in the human resources planning process is to
evaluate the activities conducted to ensure that they are producing the desired results.
The three stages of the human resources planning process are planning, programming, and
evaluating
Courage is needed to help leaders ______.
execute a vision against opposition identify and manage allies manage adversaries
1,1 Impoverished Management
exertion of minimum effort to get required work done is appropriate to sustain organization membership
relating
exhibiting social and political awareness, caring for team members, and building trust
Advisory relationships
exist when teams with problems call on centralized sources of expert knowledge
service relationships
exist when top management centralizes an activity to which a large number of other units must gain access
contributors to informal authority
expertise, experience, personal qualities
dynamic networks are suitable when when much of the work can be done independently by
experts
Total quality management is characterized by a strong orientation toward both
external and internal customers.
HR managers serve their employers bottom line as well as the people who work there and
external stakeholders
Failure to provide positive feedback for a job well done, resulting in lower motivation thereafter, is an example of a(n)
extinction
The richest medium for communication is a(n)
face-to-face meeting
Among the benefits of upward communication is the fact that it
facilitates downward communication
Equity theory suggests that people compare the ratio of their own outcomes to inputs against the outcome-to-input ratio of some comparison person. If the ratios are equivalent, people believe the relationship is equitable or
fair
A disadvantage of the functional form of departmentalization is that technical specialists spend too much time on administrative work.
false
One disadvantage of delegation is that it usually results in the manager losing touch with the status of the work to be accomplished.
false
True or false: An organization's success is based on a manager's ability to lead, not on whether or not the manager's employees follow.
false
True or false: Teams tend to operate slowly and, therefore, inhibit creativity and innovation.
false
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
favorably evaluating a team member's performance
mistrust and tension
fear of those who are different because of lack of contact and low familiarity. Different generations and their ideas cause stress in the workforce; people tend to associate with people who are like them
An advantage of oral communication is that
feedback can be immediate and direct.
support activities in the value chain
firm infrastructure, human resource management, technology development, procurement
The organic structure stands in stark contrast to the mechanistic organization. It is much less rigid and, in fact, emphasizes
flexibility
Christina then turns her attention to the technology changes that could help her organization become more agile. Among the technology changes her boss could use successfully is
flexible manufacturing
servant leadership
focuses on providing increased service to others—meeting the goals of both followers and the organization—rather than to oneself.
The two key situational factors in path-goal theory are personal characteristics of ______ and the environmental pressures and demands they must cope with. Multiple choice question.
followers
whereas norms generally apply to all team members, different roles exist
for different members within the norm structure
Communications that are official, organization-sanctioned episodes of information transmission are known as which type of communication?
formal
What is generally the primary means of running an organization, which is exemplified by orders that a boss gives to a lower-level employee to carry out?
formal position authority
By requiring all employees to wear the corporation's T-shirt, PowerSounds Incorporated is utilizing the principle known as
formalization
to improve coordination, organizations can rely on
formalization- rules and regulations governing how people interact. Simple, often written policies regarding attendance, dress, and decorum, for example, can eliminate a lot of uncertainty.
groups pass through critical periods, or times when they are particularly open to
formative experiences
During the ______ stage of team development, members try to get to know one another and lay the ground rules for what types of behavior are acceptable.
forming
Three basic approaches to departmentalization
functional, divisional, matrix
three approaches to departmentalization
functional, divisional, matrix
profit sharing incentive plans
generally apply to a division of the organization or the organization as a whole (eg all employees get allocated money if the company reaches a certain target profit for the year)
training
generally refers to the process of teaching lower level staff how to do their job more efficiently and effectively by boosting their knowledge and skills.
Rihanna Carpenter, CEO of BlueTone Corporation, announced the new corporate structure, naming Fujio Nakamura VP of the Far East Division, Basri Nassar VP of the Middle East Division, Lena Bauer VP of the European Division, and Pete Jackson VP of the Americas Division. BlueTone Corporation's new structure follows the ________approach to build company divisions.
geographic
strategic leadership
gives purpose and meaning to organizations by anticipating and envisioning a viable future for the organization and working with others to initiate changes that create such a future
Leaders who use ________behaviors usually ensure the group members are satisfied, develop and maintain harmonious work relationships, and preserve the social stability of the group.
group maintenance
norming
group members agree on their shared goals, and norms and closer relationships develop
forming
group members attempt to lay the ground rules for what types of behavior are acceptable
diversity can help minimize
groupthink
Currently, about ________ of U.S. employers screen for drugs.
half
Both formal and informal support are important to leaders because each helps them to ______.
handle struggles stay the course
A company that receives certification that it meets ISO 9001 standards is a company that
has begun the process of achieving quality.
For a manager's communication to be considered transparent, it must be perceived by the employees as ______
having full disclosure accurate timely
Lawrence and Lorsch found that highly differentiated firms were successful if they had ________levels of integration.
high
highest performance occurs when a high performance team has
high performance norms
the best followers master skills that are useful to their organizations, and they hold performance standards that are
higher than required
Leadership-Member Exchange Theory
highlights the importance of leader behaviors not just toward the group as a whole but toward individuals on a personal basis. Maintenance behaviors such as trust, open communication, respect, mutual obligation and mutual loyalty form the cornerstone of relationships that are satisfying and perhaps more productive
some companies are using AI to remove
hiring bias
effective coaching requires
honesty, calmness, and supportiveness.
Gabriel, chief executive officer of Chesapeake Financial Incorporated, sends a memo to his vice presidents regarding new procedures for annual performance reviews. The vice presidents meet informally to discuss the new procedures. When the new procedures are announced to the other employees, they form feedback teams, and these teams draft memos providing feedback to the vice presidents and Gabriel regarding the advantages, disadvantages, and potential problems with the new procedures. The meeting of the vice presidents to discuss the contents of the memo from Gabriel is an example of ________communication.
horizontal
When two cashiers at a local grocery story share tips with each other on how to increase the speed that they get customers through their lane, they are engaging in what form of communication?
horizontal
storming
hostilities and conflict arise, and people jockey for positions of power and status
team cohesiveness
how attractive the team is to its members, how motivated members are to remain within the team and how much team members influence one another. In general, it refers to how tightly knit the team is.
path-goal theory
how leaders influence subordinates' perceptions of their work goals and the paths they follow toward attainment of those goals
Strategic alliance partners must pay the most attention to the ________ the partnership.
human relationships
job analysis provides the information necessary for nearly every
human resource activity
According to Herzberg's theory, the two factors that affect people working on their jobs are categorized into
hygiene factors and motivators.
If a vision conveys an ______, it communicates a standard of excellence and a clear choice of positive values
ideal
Open-book management is the practice of sharing with employees at all levels of the organization vital information previously meant for management's eyes only. Frederick Taylor, who became the father of scientific management early in the twentieth century, would have considered opening the books to all employees
idiotic
The programming stage of human resources management involves
implementing the company's plans.
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory highlights the
importance of leader behaviors on both a group and an individual basis.
in general, you should send difficult and unusual messages through richer media, transmit simple and less routine messages through less rich media, and use multiple media for
important messages that you want to ensure people attend to, understand and remember
Among the primary activities in the generic value chain is
inbound logistics.
staff departments
include all those that provide specialized skills in support of line departments
communication difficulties
include misunderstandings, inaccuracies, inefficiencies and slowness. Diversity can lead to errors, slowness and misunderstanding
disadvantages of digital communication
include the ability to pick up subtle, nonverbal and ineffectual cues about what the communicator is thinking or conveying, and difficulties in solving complex problems that require extended, face to face interactions
verbal communication
includes face to face discussions, phone conversations, meetings, and formal presentations and speeches. Its advantages are that questions can be asked and answered, feedback can be immediate or direct, receivers can sense the sender's sincerity or lack thereof, and it's often more persuasive than written. However, it can lead to spontaneous ill-considered statements and there is no record of verbal communication unless you choose to record it.
If the region or country where a company is located is experiencing a labor shortage, what should the company's management do?
increase training budgets
increasing an organizations information processing capabilities can include
increasing knowledge management-capitalizing on the intellect and experiences of the organization's human assets to improve collaboration and increase effectiveness. (this can be done through horizontal processes)
media richness
indicates how well a particular communication medium conveys information and promotes learning
The ________plan is the most common incentive system, which compares a worker's performance against an objective standard and bases pay on the worker's performance.
individual
Different pay rates for employees performing similar jobs in the same job family are determined by ______.
individual pay decisions
expert power
influence based on special skills or knowledge of the leader
persuading
influencing team members, as well as obtaining external support for teams
one-way communication
information flows in only one direction, from the sender to the receiver, with no feedback loop eg a manager sends an email and sees no replies or an employee
Which of the following would be considered to have a service relationship with the other units in an organization?
information technology
dynamic capabilities focus less on efficiency and more on
innovation
When top executives of ABC corporation sit on the ABC corporation's board of directors, they are called _______.
inside directors
when the company's top executives are on the board of directors it is called
inside directors
Which of the following is a point from Deming's "14 points" theory that the company can use to improve internal quality management?
institute a program of education and retraining
organizations are likely to fail if they exist in highly complex environments with lots of differentiation but fail to
integrate correctly
the more differentiated your firm, the greater the need is for
integration
the pluralistic organization does not adequately address the cultural aspects of
integration
Any job activity that links different work units performs an
integrative function
any job activity that links different work units is an
integrative function
The human resources department of Spark Media makes use of its employee database to analyze its past rates of turnover, terminations, and retirements. The company is looking at its ________labor supply.
internal
What are two techniques managers can use to increase information-processing capability?
invest in information systems and create horizontal relationships
Tristen and Brittany have differing opinions on which department should be relocated to a newly constructed wing in the building. Marc is a coworker and overhears the argument. Marc states, "I thought civility was one of our organizational values." Marc's action are an example of ________to help encourage collaboration.
invoking superordinate goals
Stabilization relationships
involve auditing before the fact. In other words, teams sometimes must obtain clearance from others—for example, for large purchases—before they take action
Liaison relationships
involve intermediaries between teams. Managers often are called on to mediate conflict between two organizational units.
coordination by mutual adjustment
involves discussions to figure out jointly how to approach problems and devise solutions that are agreeable to everyone.
coordination by mutual adjustment
involves feedback and discussions to figure out jointly how to approach problems and devise solutions that are agreeable to everyone. (usually for nonprogrammer, novel decisions)
development
involves teaching managers and professional employees broader skills needed for their current and future jobs
According to leader behavior research conducted at Ohio State and Michigan, the ideal leader
is both performance- and maintenance-oriented.
grapevine
is the social network of informal communications. informal networks provide people with information, help them solve problems, and teach them how to do their work. You should develop a good network of people that are willing and able to help. However the grapevine can be destructive due to misinformation.
Reflection helps managers listen effectively because:
it results in more accurate two-way communication. it places greater emphasis on listening than talking.
A ________provides goods or services in very low volume or small batches.
job shop
Functional Departmentalization
jobs and departments are specialized according to traditional business functions and the job skills they require: production, marketing, Human Resources, research and development, finance, accounting, etc.
Differentiation is high when organizations have many subunits and many
kinds of specialists.
Capitalizing on the intellect and experience of the organization's human assets to increase collaboration and effectiveness is referred to as ______.
knowledge management
A ________organization can often create scale economies and economies of scope, which leads to advantages such as lower operating costs, greater purchasing power, and easier access to capital.
large
Gloria manages a large chemical plant that manufactures a few specialty products for the roofing industry. As a _______ operation, the plant manufactures products in large volumes but with little variety. Production is not continuous but is standardized. Gloria manages the plant in a formal and hierarchical manner, and most major decisions are made by Gloria, in a centralized fashion.
large batch
task performance behaviors
leader's efforts to ensure that the work unit or organization reaches its goals. this dimension is variously referred to as concern for production, directive leadership, initiating structure or closeness of supervision. It includes a focus on work speed, quality and accuracy, quantity of output and rule following
coercive power
leaders have control over punishments; people want to avoid these punishments and thus obey the leader
Transformational Leadership
leadership that, enabled by a leader's vision and inspiration, exerts significant influence. Motivates people to transcend their personal interests for the sake of the larger community
One problem of downward communication occurs as a result of filtering. This means that as information is passed downward it becomes ______
less accurate
An effective option for employers considering downsizing is replacing full-time employees with
less expensive part-time or temporary workers.
flatter organizations with less hierarchal levels benefit from
less filtering
What units deal directly with the organization's primary goods and services by making things, selling things, or providing customer service?
line departments
Which are skills managers need to be good receivers?
listening observation reading
What are the three key follower characteristics in the path-goal theory?
locus of control ability authoritarianism
A failure of ________can result in products going out of stock and consumers choosing alternatives.
logistics
________ is the movement of resources into the organization and products from the organization to its customers.
logistics
the more authority levels through which communication passes, the more information will be
lost or distorted
In monolithic organizations, conflict between groups is
low
Though they differ in many important ways, monolithic and multicultural organizations have at least one thing in common: in both, conflict between groups is
low
Though they differ in many important ways, monolithic and multicultural organizations have at least one thing in common: in both, conflict between groups is
low.
teenage employees are particularly vulnerable to harassment due to
lower status jobs, inexperience and hesitation to speak up
Organizations at the very-high-volume end of the scale use continuous process technologies by relying on
machines and/or computers to do all the work.
Leader-Member Exchange theory maintains that leaders should use ________blank behaviors such as trust, open communication, mutual respect, mutual obligation, and mutual loyalty—to form the cornerstone of relationships between the leaders and follower.
maintenance
What can a persuasive speaker do to be seen as authentic and thus, be more effective?
make a connection with the audience not just speak, but listen as well demonstrate passion
autocratic leadership
makes decisions and then announces them to the group
Companies such as Accenture are helping women break through the proverbial glass ceiling by ______.
making arrangements for part-time assignments sponsoring monthly networking events for its female employees
psychological safety
making clear that people need to and can speak up freely, be honest, disagree, offer ideas, raise issues, share their knowledge and ask questions; embracing failure, understanding that mistakes are inevitable, errors should be acknowledged and learning as we go is a way to create new knowledge while we execute and putting conflict to work by explaining how we arrive at our views, expressing interest in one another thinking and analyses, and attempting fully to understand and capitalize on others' diverse perspectives
Courage is needed to help leaders ______.
manage adversaries execute a vision against opposition identify and manage allies
assessment center
management candidates participate in activities for a few days while being assessed by evaluators
According to the Tannenbaum and Schmidt model of situational leadership, what are the three factors managers should consider before deciding how to lead members of their organization?
managers situation subordinates
needs assessment
managers conduct and assessment to determine who needs what type of job training
Adequate upward communication within organizations is important because ______
managers learn what is going on in the organization effective upward communication facilitates downward communication employees can relieve some of their frustrations
Companies with higher volumes and lower varieties than a job shop use large batch, or _____________ , technologies. Production runs are highly standardized, and all customers receive similar (if not identical) products. Machines and robotics tend to replace people in the physical execution of work. People run the machines. With large batch technology, structure tends to be more mechanistic: more rules and formal procedures, more centralized decision making, and higher spans of control.
mass production
Economies of scope (related diversification)
materials and processes employed to make one product can also be used to make another related product
In situational theory, Hersey and Blanchard identify the ______ as the key situational factor.
maturity of the followers
responsibility
means that a person is supposed to carry out an assigned task
Accountability
means that the subordinates are accountable for achieving results
behavioral appraisals
measure specific, observable aspects of performance- being on time for work or peer evaluations, for instance- although making the evaluation is still somewhat subjective
Max Weber's description of a bureaucracy discussed what form of organization?
mechanistic
A third party who intervenes to help resolve conflict between other people is called a ______.
mediator
benefit costs has risen more quickly than wages and salaries, fueled by the rapidly rising costs of
medical care. Accordingly, employers attempt to reduce benefit costs even as their value to employees is rising.
the storming stage is characterized by
members optimism turns into reality shock
norming stage is characterized by
members refocus and recommit
performing stage is characterized by
members show the discipline needed to meet a deadline
For most businesses, mentally and physically disabled people represent an unexplored but fruitful labor market. Frequently, employers have found that disabled employees _____. (Check all that apply.)
miss fewer days of work are more dependable than other employees exhibit lower turnover
High performance norms low cohesiveness
moderate goal attainment and task performance
Large organizations are typically ________ than small ones.
more bureaucratic and less organic
1,9 Country Club Management
more concerned with interpersonal relationships than with the completion of tasks
A laissez-faire decision style, in which a leader essentially makes no decisions, leads to
more negative attitudes and lower performance.
When a message is complex, ______ media should be used, but when a message is routine, ______ media should be used.
more rich, less rich
An organization that values cultural diversity and is willing to utilize and encourage it is referred to as a ________organization
multicultural
Trident Manufacturing is an organization that has been recognized for its diversity and inclusiveness. They integrate all groups both formally and informally. Based on this information, Trident Manufacturing could be described as a ________ organization.
multicultural
A(n) ________organization is a collection of independent, mostly single-function firms that collaborate to produce a good or service.
network
Which statement about group norms is true?
norms can be positive or negative
In order to listen effectively, you should
not get bogged down in all the facts and details.
individual incentive plans
objective standard in which performance is observed eg exceeding a sales target means additional compensation
downward communication that provides relevant information can strengthen employee identification within the company, stimulate supportive attitudes and help motivate decisions consistent with the company, stimulate supportive attitudes, and help make decisions consistent with the organization's
objectives
hostile environment sexual harassment
occurs when a supervisor or other employee makes sexually suggestive comments, gestures, advances, pictures, text, touch or humor that unreasonably interferes with work performance and makes the workplace unappealing and uncomfortable
coaching
occurs when management gives feedback to their direct reports. Coaching is dialogue with the goal of helping someone be more effective and realize their potential in the job. Good coaching helps you to identify problems, identify options and learn from experience
boundary-less organization
one that has few major obstacles to information flow
parallel teams
operate separately from the regular work structure of the firm on a temporary basis. Members often come from different units or jobs and are asked to do work that is not being done by the standard structure. Their charge is to recommend specific solutions to specific problems. They usually do not have the authority to act, however. Examples include police task forces, disaster relief forces, etc.
the lesser the amount of subunits in an organization the greater (typically) the
operating efficiency
inclusion involves providing reasonable access to decision making processes, organizational resources and upward mobility
opportunities
communication moves through a variety of channels such as
oral, written and digital
The CEO is personally responsible to the board of directors and to the owner's of the organization for the
organization's performance
Kerri, the human resources manager at Davidson Equipment Supply Company, received instructions to provide data on the number of minorities working there, their positions within the company, and the compensation provided. This is an example of a(n)
organizational assessment
flexible factories
organize workflow around products
Which of the following is NOT indicative of effective teams?
output decreases in quantity
in private business enterprises, the ____ has the ultimate authority over the organization
owner
Task forces and quality teams are formed to study a particular problem and to recommend, but not enact, solutions. These are types of ______ teams.
parallel
Which type of work teams operate separately from the regular work structure of the firm on a temporary basis?
parallel teams
The belief that leaders influence their followers' perceptions of their work goals and their path in attaining them is known as ______ theory.
path goal
The most comprehensive and generally useful situational model of leadership effectiveness is the ______.
path goal model
The ________ theory identifies three key follower characteristics: authoritarianism, locus of control, and ability.
path-goal
3 important things to consider when designing an effective pay plan:
pay level, pay structure and individual pay
The social facilitation effect occurs because ______.
people are worried what others' think of them
competing conflict
people focus strictly on their own interests and are unwilling to compromise with the opposing party
transparency
people receiving relevant, high-quality information defined by accuracy, timeliness and disclosure
What is the largest unemployed minority population in the United States?
people with disabilities
______ is the process of receiving and interpreting information.
perception
Which types of analyses are useful to managers when conducting a needs assessment?
performance measures, job analyses
In path-goal theory, the most appropriate leadership behaviors are determined by which of the following factors?
personal characteristics of followers environmental pressures and demands that followers face
listening begins with
personal contact
The Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act (ADAAA) of 2008 defines a disability as a(n)
physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity.
task-motivated leadership
places primary emphasis on completing the task and is more likely exhibited by leaders with low LPC scores
A ________organization is one that has a diverse employee population and that actively tries to hire a diverse workforce.
pluralistic
Low Cohesiveness and Low Performance Norms
poor goal attainment and task performance
Increasing expectancies, identifying ________ outcomes, and making performance instrumental toward positive outcomes are all managerial implications of the expectancy theory.
positively valent
The five bases of ______ are legitimate, reward, referent, expert, and coercive.
power
referent power
power that comes from subordinates' and coworkers' respect, admiration, and loyalty; people follow because they admire the leader
According to McClelland, the most important needs for managers are the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for
power.
during the forming stage the groups sets rules and roles that set longer lasting
precedents
Integration and Coordination refer to the
procedures that link the parts of the organization to achieve the organization's overall mission.
a performance appraisal is a discrete process which occurs maybe once or twice a year whereas performance management is a continuous, ongoing
process
Investing in information systems and creating horizontal relationships are techniques that make it possible for an organization to
process more information
Key features of mass customization
product design operations and processes quality management organizational structure workforce management emphasis
Bess advised her subordinate, "Harry, all organizations and teams experience conflict. Your aim should be to make the conflict ________, that is, to make those involved believe they have benefited rather than lost from the conflict. Benefits can be in the form of new solutions or strengthened work relationships."
productive
Improved work relations and new solutions are results of _____ conflict.
productive
Which of the following is one of the three criteria that define team effectiveness?
productive output by the team
Which type of work team works on long-term projects with specific assignments and has members who contribute expert knowledge and judgment?
project development team
Young workers generally look for jobs that ______.
provide positive feedback
Six Sigma Quality
provides a set of statistical tools to analyze the causes of product defects. the higher the sigma level the lower amount of variation and the higher the quality
Which of the following is one of the basic functions of a performance appraisal?
providing managers with information to make administrative decisions
Bella is a new division manager. She often makes positive changes for her followers, but has allowed herself to focus on her personal success, over group success, at times. In this case, Bella could be seen as a ________leader.
pseudotransformational
Fast-forming, fast-acting, temporary groups are unable to spend time jockeying for status or naturally developing processes. As such, it is important for members to be allowed to speak freely and honestly without worrying that others will criticize them. This is known as _____.
psychological safety
useful upward communication must be reinforced and not
punished
customers feel that as firms and their market share increase
quality decreases
the 360 degree appraisal is more subjective and is used more for personal performance improvement than for
raises, promotions, etc.
When writing an effective message, writers should strive to make their communication ______.
readable organized brief
Which are methods successful leaders have used to develop their leadership skills? (Check all that apply.)
reading autobiographies of good leaders learning from their mistakes observing methods and skills of their managers
coaching
receiving customized personal training from a boss or consultant (one of the most effective management tools)
The term customer now refers to any
recipient of work—the next person or unit in the production process.
the HR staffing function includes
recruitment, selection and outplacement
________ becoming more difficult to obtain because of potential lawsuits.
reference information is
criterion-related validity
refers to the degree to which a test actually predicts or correlates with job performance
downward communication
refers to the flow of communication from higher to lower levels in the organization's hierarchy. eg company president giving a talk to her management team
A useful listening technique that requires a person to say what she thinks the other person is saying is known as:
reflecting
vision failure due to
reflects the leader's personal needs ignores stakeholders needs vision becomes outdated
standardization constrains actions and integrates various units by
regulating what people do
superior leaders are better at
relating, scouting, persuading and empowering
Unionization/collective bargaining
relations between employers, acting through their management representatives, and organized labor
primary activities in the value chain
research and development, inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, service
A common problem in a hierarchy is for people to have more ______ than ______.
responsibility than authority
outstanding leaders combine good strategic substance and effective interpersonal processes to formulate and implement strategies that produce
results and a sustainable competitive advantage
Margo prefers face-to-face communication because of the variety of cues that can be used, including words, tone, body language, and facial expressions. This medium of communication is the ______ of all forms.
richest
In an organization, ______ are sets of expectations for how different individuals should behave.
roles
email is most appropriate for
routine messages that do not require the exchange of large quantities of complex information
Formalization
rules and regulations governing how people in the organization interact
Tannenbaum and Schmidt
said that managers should consider three factors in decision making: forces in the manager, forces in the subordinate and forces in the situation
Comparible worth
says men and women should be paid the same for doing the same jobs
scouting
seeking information from managers, peers, and specialists, and investigating problems systematically.
Leveraging differences
sees diversity as something which is difficult but, managed well, can be capitalized on.
personal attributes that aid leader effectiveness
self confidence integrity leadership motivation drive leadership effectiveness knowledge of the business
Vashti is on a self-managed team. Not only does her team make decisions and carry out a full range of tasks, including the acquisition of raw materials, performing operations, and shipping but her team is also responsible for making staffing decisions that affect the design of the team. Vashti is on a(n) Blank______. Multiple choice question.
self designing team
Autonomous work groups in which workers are trained to do all or most of the jobs in a unit and make decisions previously made by supervisors are called ______.
self managed teams
Which teams have control over whom to hire, whom to fire, and what tasks the team will perform?
self-designing teams
The major difference between autonomous work groups and self-designing teams is
self-designing teams have control over the design of the team.
Autonomous work groups in which workers are trained to do all or most of the jobs in a unit and make decisions previously made by supervisors are called ______.
self-managed teams
When a manager works to make sure that the recipients of her message can identify her perspective, reasoning, and intentions, she is focusing on improving her ______ skills.
sender
digital communication like texts and emails are the property of the system's owner, not the
sender
Which type of leader has a relationship with employees that is akin to serving customers?
servant leader
the lean approach is used for
services and manufacturing
norms
shared beliefs about how people should think and behave. From an organizational standpoint, norms can be positive or negative.
organization chart
shows the jobs in the firm and how they are arranged. The chart provides a picture of the reporting structure (who reports to whom) and the various activities that people perform.
the most powerful and persuasive messages are
simple and informative, are told with stories and anecdotes, and convey excitement
functional structure is most appropriate in
simple, stable environments
"Look before you lead" corresponds to the ______ approach to leadership.
situational
The top management of EatWell, a snack food manufacturer, sits down for an annual meeting. The chairperson, Janelle, wants to create processes that will help the company interact with customers and gather knowledge of their wants, needs, and buying patterns. She also wants to improve internal quality management by using some ideas from Deming's "14 points" theory. The president of the company, Lee, wants to use an approach to management that helps to attain customer satisfaction through tools that deliver high-quality goods. The senior managers put forward the idea that the organization should adopt a method to analyze the causes of defects in products that need to be eliminated to improve customer satisfaction. In order to fulfill senior management's aim of adopting a method to analyze the causes of defects in products that need to be eliminated to improve customer satisfaction, the company might consider a quality initiative such as
six sigma
Jean owns and manages a custom woodworking business. She and her staff of four craftspeople work informally together, and each worker tends to make decisions in an independent (decentralized) manner. Jean's business is a ________operation.
small batch
For many companies, the original driving force behind the effort to diversify their workforces was a combination of
social responsibility and regulatory pressures.
Required Employee Benefits
social security, workers comp and unemployment insurance
democratic leadership
solicits input from others
Each manager at Everyday Fashions Corporation has ten supervisors who are required to report to him or her. This is an example of
span of control
The numerous tasks that must be carried out in a large organization make ________a necessity.
specialization
What creates differentiation
specialization and division of labor
decentralization often ________ decision making
speeds
What constrains actions and integrates various units by regulating what people do?
standardization
What establishes common operating procedures that become routine and remain in place over time?
standardization
Coordination by plan does not require the high degree of stability that
standardization does. units can have some freedom in how they work so long as they meet deadlines.
right to work states
states where workers in unionized companies do not have to join the union or pay union dues
Board of Directors are elected by
stockholders
Group members tend to experience conflict and disagreement during the ______ stage of group development.
storming
Tom's work team is experiencing conflict. Half of the team wants Francisco to be the leader, while the other half wants Anh to be the leader. It is normal for groups to experience these types of conflicts during the ______ stage of group development.
storming
In the long run organizations are best served when HR leaders are strong advocates for at least four sets of values:
strategic, ethical, legal, financial
a board of directors mainly staffed with legal and regulatory experts cannot always give management the right direction of
strategy
Adaptive Organization
structures and systems are designed well, people can perform and deliver results as needed and the organization is flexible and agile enough to succeed in a changing world.
Lateral leadership
style in which colleagues at the same hierarchal level are invited to collaborate and facilitate joint problem solving. this structure does not involve any kind of hierarchal relationship but rather invites people to solve problems together
Claire and several of the young female engineers in her division go out to lunch together on the first Tuesday of each month. During lunch, they discuss their victories and struggles as female engineers in a majority male work environment. The younger engineers are particularly interested in hearing "war stories" from Claire, who has obviously been successful in her career. They use her experiences to guide their own behaviors. Claire is leading a(n)
support group.
Recognizing religious holidays, differing modes of dress, and dietary restrictions as well as allowing flexible scheduling are all ways to improve employee retention that may appeal to diverse employees. These types of efforts are referred to as
systems accommodation.
reflection is a process whereby a person states what he/she believes the other person says or means. This technique places a greater emphasis on listening than on
talking
Narrow spans of control build _____ organizations.
tall; with many reporting levels
Leadership that emphasizes completion of assignments or jobs is called ______ leadership in Fiedler's contingency model.
task motivated
Creating self-contained _____ refers to changing from a functional organization to a product or project organization and giving each unit the resources it needs.
tasks
Team Training
teaches employees the skills they need to work together and helps them to interact with other team members.
Among the support activities in the generic value chain is
technology development
The authority vested in the board of directors is assigned to Blank______.
the CEO
2) Several women in clerical positions report that after announcing they were pregnant, they were taken off the company's health care plan and encouraged to quit. However, men with medical conditions were kept on the health care plan with no risk of being asked to quit. Several employees who qualify for overtime are not being paid overtime rates. In statement 2, which of the following laws is the organization most likely violating?
the Pregnancy Discrimination Act
A situational model of leadership that focuses on how leaders go about making decisions using factors like decision significance, leader expertise, and group support for objectives is referred to as
the Vroom model of leadership.
dynamic capabilities include
the ability to sense and seize new opportunities, generate new knowledge, sense change and reconfigure existing assets and capabilities
validity
the accuracy of the selection test
performance tests
the applicant performs a sample of the job
power
the capacity to influence people despite resistance
ISO 9001
the common name given to quality management and assurance standards; companies can earn ISO certifications to improve their quality
any business unit must take into account for three parts of the business triangle:
the company, the competition, the customer
uthoritarianism
the degree to which individuals respect, admire and defer to authority
locus of control
the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them
performing
the group channels its energies into performing its tasks
situational interview
the interviewer focuses on hypothetical situations
core capability
the knowledge, expertise, or skill that underlies a company's ability to be a leader in providing a range of specific goods or services
self confidence
the leadership role is challenging and setbacks are inevitable
employment at will
the legal concept that an employee may be terminated for any reason
authority
the legitimate right to make decisions and to tell other people what to do
technology
the methods, processes, systems and skills used to transform resources (inputs) into products (outputs)
Which of the following statements about achievement is true?
the need for achievement is particularly high in the United States
A leader's influence is greater when ______.
the number of followers is large
Product Division Structure
the organization of divisions by product eg Johnson and Johnson organizes by health care, medical devices and pharmaceuticals
corporate governance
the oversight of a firm by its board of directors and executive staff
In flexible factories, scheduling decisions are made by
the people on the shop floor doing the work.
downsizing
the planned elimination of positions or jobs in a company
legitimate power
the power a person receives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an organization
performance appraisal
the process of assessing how well employees are doing their jobs. Done well it can help employees improve their performance, pay, and chances for promotion; foster communication among managers and employees and increase individual, team and employee effectiveness.
external recruiting
the process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants from outside the company- brings in a wide pool of applicants, skills, and innovation
internal recruiting
the process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants from people who already work in the company
Filtering
the process of ignoring or withholding information. senders do this when they tell the boss what he wants to hear rather than being honest and give unwarranted compliments rather than honest criticism.
Perception
the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events
value chain
the sequence of activities that flow from raw materials to the delivery of a good or service
diseconomies of scale
the situation in which a firm's long-run average costs rise as the firm increases output (the costs of a company becoming too big)
labor relations
the system of relations between workers and management
social loafing
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
social facilitation effect
the tendency for the presence of other people to increase motivation and arousal, which tends to help the individual perform better out of a desire to have a positive self image
Communication
the transmission of information and meaning from one party to another through the use of shared symbols
Pluralistic organizations use an affirmative action approach to managing diversity.
they actively try to incorporate a diverse workforce and hire a diverse range of people/avoid discrimination. still has conflict.
Which of the following is true of personality tests?
they might be seen as discriminatory
effective writing is more than correct grammar, spelling and punctuation. good writing requires Clear, logical
thinking
networks are flexible, innovative, and quick to respond to
threats and opportunities. they reduce costs and risks.
Which of the following is NOT a reason why employees often don't share bad news with management?
to prevent information overload
high involvement organization
top management ensures that there is a consensus about the direction in which the business is heading by seeking input from their team and middle managers and sometimes from lower levels, depending on the issue... a good way to create a competitive advantage.
In a functional organization, jobs are grouped according to
traditional job functions and the skills they require: production, marketing, Human Resources, research and development, finance, accounting, etc.
The ________ approach assumes that a leadership personality exists and that leaders are born, not made.
trait
______ leaders view management as a series of steps in which they use their powers in a dispassionate manner to get work done.
transactional
A leader who is able to generate excitement and revitalize an organization is a ______ leader.
transformational
Which type of leader is most likely to motivate people to transcend their personal interests for the sake of the organization?
transformational
Teams that are geographically dispersed across various countries and work on highly complex projects that have considerable impact on company objectives are ______ teams.
transnational
People's belief that the information their employer and others send them is of high quality, accurate and provides full disclosure in a timely manner is referred to as ______.
transparency
A satisfied worker is not necessarily more productive than a dissatisfied one.
true
effective upward communication facilitates downward communication as good listening becomes a
two way street
forces in the situation
type of leadership style the organization values, type of information needed to solve the problem
the forming stage is characterized by
unbridled optimism
forces in the subordinate
understanding and acceptance of the organization's goals, readiness to assume responsibility, interest in the task or problem
poor diversity management leads to
unfairness and stress
adverse impact
unintentional discrimination that occurs when members of a particular race, sex, or ethnic group are unintentionally harmed or disadvantaged because they are hired, promoted, or trained (or any other employment decision) at substantially lower rates than others
coordination by plan
units can have some freedom in how they work as long as they meet the deadlines and targets needed by other units as specified in agreed upon plans
In coordination by plan
units have some freedom/flexibility in how they work as long as they meet deadlines.
All managers in Everyday Fashions Corporation are required to report to the CEO alone. This is an example of an organization following
unity of command
situational approach to leadership
universally important traits and behaviors don't exist
Under which circumstances is effective downward communication especially important and valuable?
upon learning there is a fire within the company's manufacturing facilities during an economic recession when the company is struggling to stay in business prior to merging with another company
Arvis has been working on a new project idea and has decided to talk to his supervisor. This is an example of
upward communication.
human capital
used to describe the strategic value of employee knowledge and abilities
innovation
useful new ideas that emerge from the focused creativity of the organization's people
Concurrent Engineering
uses a team based approach to incorporate the perspectives of all functions (and customers and suppliers) from the beginning of the process. This results in a higher quality product.
Firms hold a competitive advantage when they possess or develop resources that are:
valuable, rare, inimitable and organized
The ________dimension of an organization's structure refers to issues as reporting relationships, authority, responsibility, and related ideas.
vertical
Con Matrix Structure
violates the principle of unity of command which states that individuals should have only one boss
Which of the following types of teams face the greatest challenges to building trust, cohesion, and team identity, and to overcoming team member isolation?
virtual teams
when leaders communicate a clear _________ it leads to higher organizational performance
vision
The ______ model of leadership focuses on the participative dimension of leadership and how leaders go about making decisions.
vroom
The leadership model that emphasizes how leaders go about making decisions based on attributes of the problem at hand is called the______model.
vroom
Which of the following correctly describe work teams?
well defined part of the formal organizational structure composed of full-time members
The behavioral approach to leadership attempts to identify Blank______.
what behaviors effective leaders exhibit
The focus of behavioral leadership is on ______.
what good leaders do
informal authority
when people carry themselves with confidence, can provide valuable information , or work closely with those who have high positions
Virtual and E-Conflict
when teams are geographically dispersed they tend to experience greater amounts of conflict and discomfort. Compromise hurt performance in these teams whereas competition helped performance.
profit margin
when the total value created-the cost that customers are willing to pay-exceeds the cost of providing the good or service
Fiedler's contingency model acknowledges that leadership effectiveness is reliant on both the situation and the person. As such, it suggests
which kinds of managers are likely to be effective in particular situations.
A ________span of control creates a flat organization.
wide
collaboration conflict style
win-win; emphasizes both cooperation and assertiveness, maximizes satisfaction for both parties.
9,9 Team Management
work accomplishment is from committed people; interdependence through a common stake in organization purpose leads to relationships of trust and respect
Division of Labor
work in the organization is subdivided into smaller tasks
project an development teams
work on long term projects, sometimes over a period of years they have specific assessments, such as research or new product development, and members usually must contribute expert knowledge and judgment. These teams work toward a one time product, disbanding once their work is completed. Then new teams are formed for new services.
Conflict is productive when it results in ______.
work relationships are strengthened a new solution is implemented
A collection of employees who work in the same area is a(n) Blank______, but a collection of employees who work together to achieve a common goal is a(n) ______.
working group; team
Conflict resolution from mediation can help the parties involved improve their ______
working relationships communication skills problem-solving skills
A project and development team is defined as a team that
works toward a one-time product, disbanding once the work is completed.
The Leadership Grind
x-value is the concern for production y-value is the concern for people
Using a program like Microsoft's SharePoint (a type of electronic collaboration software) before face-to-face meetings ___________
yields a wider range of potential solutions
Using a program like Microsoft's SharePoint (a type of electronic collaboration software) before face-to-face meetings ______.
yields a wider range of solutions
Kiera's boss observed, "Kiera, you have 16 direct reports—a rather high number for a span of controlyet your team is functioning well, and you are managing effectively. Your success in managing with such a wide span of control tells me that
your direct reports are highly trained and have access to the information they need."
