Manipulation of Life and Transhumanism- ETHC 210
cDNA is DNA which is complementary to the opposite strand of DNA from a double helix.
False
Genetic engineering is used to make a health product like insulin
True
Genetics counselors can help families understand their genetic inheritance using pedigree analysis.
True
Many gene therapy vectors under current use are disarmed viruses.
True
Many of the early set-backs and deaths in the use of gene therapy involved;
An overwhelming immune response to the viral vectors
Liposomes can also be used as vectors for gene therapy. They are;
Artificial membranes made of lipids which can enclose the gene and deliver it to the new location in the patient
Gene therapy can involve insertion of a gene into a patient to correct a defective gene.
True
Recombinant DNA technology has been used to make insulin. Insulin operates by;
Helping to transport glucose into cells
Recombinant DNA;
Is used to splice DNA from humans into bacteria to make human proteins for medical use
Pigs cannot extract phosphorus from cereal so phosphorus is put into their diets. However this leads to excess phosphorus in their manure. This is a problem because;
Phosphorus pollutes water because it causes too many aquatic organisms like algae to grow out of control
To prepare genes which will be inserted into a patient for gene therapy which of the following steps must be done using current technology?
The "new" or "healthy" gene must be amplified in number using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) The new gene must be placed into a vector, a piece of DNA which will carry the new gene. The vector DNA is often cut with restriction enzymes which are appropriately called molecular scissors
Which of the following is true regarding microarray structure, function and their use to relay genetic information.
The microarray has many small strands/pieces of DNA pre-attached to a glass or plastic slide. DNA or RNA is extracted from patient samples and converted to cDNA before being added to the microarray Microarrays may be used to tell a patient about their potential for genetic based diseases or family heredity.
Which of the following is true about restriction enzymes, molecular scissors which make gene therapy possible?
They were originally isolated from bacteria They were used by bacteria to cut up virus DNA
A transgenic organism can be an organism which contains human genes to make human proteins which can be extracted for drug use for patients.
True
CRISPR genome editing could be used to bring back extinct species.
True
DNA analysis and genetics testing can be done after death.
True
EPO is a hormone which naturally increases the number of red blood cells in the blood.
True
Gene silencing involves antisense molecules, ribozymes and RNA interference to block translation of mRNAs.
True
Microarray's are used by DNA sequencing companies like 23 and Me to provide the customer with information about a predetermined set of genes or DNA sequences which they may possess because they bind to corresponding genes on the microarray.
True
The CRISPR mechanism was first discovered in bacteria which use the method as host defense against viruses.
True
There are now GMO versions of lettuce, apples, potatoes and grapes.
True
Gene silencing has been used to;
attempt to correct the genetic condition called Down's syndrome by silencing one of the extra chromosomes
Phosphorus pollutes water because it causes too many aquatic organisms like algae to grow out of control
clearing congested lungs of a cystic fibrosis patient with a nasal spray containing functional CFTR genes
Gene therapy is a technique which involves;
inserting a correct gene in human tissue cells or gametes to correct a defective gene