Manufacturing Midterm
is also known as chain growth polymerization monomers joined together in a manner that leaves no byproducts
Polymerization
what is composed of a bed, a headstock, tailstock, carriage, and a quick change gearbox
a lathe
is a reservoir connected to the mold cavity
a riser
Channel through which the metal enters the mold
a runner
the holding portion of the tool
cutting shank
r highly crystalline polymers high mechanical strength and rigidity natural loop city highest deflection temperature excellent toughness and resistance to creep repeated impact also resistant to moisture gasoline and solvents
Acetal
Two part like your adhesive with high strength durability and fast setting times
Acrylics
occurs when two surfaces are brought together under high pressure and high temperature welding occurs between the chip and tool face well
Adhesion or attrition
high performance thermoset or thermoplastic resin matrix reinforced with high strength high modulus arrangement of carbon , aramid, and boron fibers
Advanced Composites
Specialty adhesives designed to cure on metals in the absence of oxygen. Primarily used to anchor threaded joints and shafts against breaking free due to vibration. Can eliminate the need for lock washers and press fitted metal joints. Often known as "locking compounds." Based on synthetic acrylic resins.
Anaerobics
having different properties in different directions
Anisotropic
Restoration of cold worked or heat treated metal to its original properties
Annealing
-Quenching a hardenable steel from the austenizing temp to slightly above temo where martensite starts to form (Ms temp) and below temp where annealing type structure would result (AC3). -held at temp until transformation is complete, them quenched or air cooled -done in steps -for thin pieces -put in bath of molten salt then dumped in water -Bainite is produce
Austempering
or Y-iron is a solid solution containing up to 2.11% carbon Exhibits good formability, starting point for virtually all heating treatment processes
Austenite
typically non magnetic do not Harden by treatment corrosion resistant due to high nickel content
Austenitic stainless steels
An austenitic transformation product found in some steels and cast irons. It forms at temperatures between those at which pearlite and martensite transformations occur. The microstructure consists of a-ferrite and a fine dispersion of cementite.
Bainite
sheared slug or part is saved the remainder of scrapped
Blanking
Computer Aided Manufacturing
CAM
Materials have extreme hardness and work systems
Carbides
It is a case hardening process by which the carbon content of the steel near the surface of a part is increased.
Carburizing
Process in which molten metal is poured or injected into a cavity and allowed to solidify taking on the shape of the cavity
Casting
sand metal depending on the process or placed into the cavity to form the inner surfaces of the casting
Cores
acts primarily as a coolant and secondly as a lubricant, reducing the friction effects as tool/chip interface and the work/flank regions. also carry away the chips and provide friction (and force) reductions in regions where the bodies of the tools rub against the work piece
Cutting Fluids
One part adhesive that quick cures quickly by reacting with moisture combine too many materials
Cyanoacrylates
the process or product of forcing molten metal into a metallic mold or die under hydraulic pressure to give it a particular shape or form.
Die Casting
Remove some of the hardness but not all of it typically for applications requiring high wear resistance acquiring high toughness
Tempering
removes material and produces a narrow kerf by the cutting action by a high pressure stream of water
Waterjet Machining
Is a flange that has been bent 180 degrees or more primarily used for parents before attachment of a one sheet to another
a hem
high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance ,high thermal and electrical conductivity, appearance ,machinability ,formability
aluminum
Lead is cathode and Al is anode. Surface is converted from metallic Al to aluminum oxide.
anodizing process
process where metal is pulled to shape through a die
drawing
defined as the ability of a material to become permanently deformed without failure determined by the tensile test
ductility
good flexibility solvent resistance good electrical insulation however both susceptible too movie light in oxidation
polystyrene
The material processing technique used to consolidate particular matter both metals or and or nonmetals into discrete shapes
powder metallurgy (P/M)
uses a long endless band with many teeth traveling over two or more wheels, too cut in one direction
power Band sawing
Gas tungsten arc welding
slag
A forming technique used for some ceramic materials. A slip, or suspension of solid particles in water, is poured into a porous mold. A solid layer forms on the inside wall as water is absorbed by the mold, leaving a shell (or ultimately a solid piece) having the shape of the mold.
slip casting
occurs when two dissimilar metals are electrically connected in place in a common electrolyte
Galvanic corrosion
An arc welding process where the arc is between a tungsten electrode (non-consumable) and the weld pool. The process is used with an externally supplied shielding gas. also known as TIG welding
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)
machining characterized by a high cutting speed , but lighter cuts
High speed Machining
Are capable of maintaining hardness at a higher temperature better than carbon and medium alloy steel
High speed steels
A metastable iron phase supersaturated in carbon that is the product of a diffusionless (athermal) transformation from austenite. hard needle like structure harder than find pearlite
Martensite
contain small Mount nickel have high carbon content heat treatable are magnetic exhibit high strength hardness fatigue resistance and ductility moderate corrosion resistance
Martensitic stainless steels
it holds fibers in place, protects the fibers, under a applied force deforms and distributes the stress
Matrix
Used for cutting tools and grinding wheels also ceramic ball bearings hot surface igniters there's a low coefficient of friction against steel
Nitrides
For ferrous alloys, austenitizing above the upper critical temperature, then cooling in air. The objective of this heat treatment is to enhance toughness by refining the grain size.
Normalizing
The process of mechanically cutting sheet metal with the application of shear force
Shearing
Type of molding that offers a higher degree of accuracy in surface finishing insane casting but not as much as permanent bold or precision casting
Shell casting
An arc welding process that produces an arc between a consumable, coated electrode and the workpiece, creating a weld pool.
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
Are semi crystalline materials with high strength stiffness and heat resistance
nylons
number of teeth per inch in a bandsaw
pitch
By stressing the metal beyond its yield strength not exceeding its tensile strength create a shape
A bend
American Society of testing and manufacturing
ASTM
appearance of hairline cracking
Thermal cracking
are plastics that often soften during original processing but once finished they cannot be easily reprocessed
thermosets
Used in the construction of hollow products such as bottles and containers. The molten plastic enters around a tube that also forces air inside the material, which forces it against the interior surface to mold to create the shape desired.
Blow Molding Process
machining process generating internal cylindrical forms by removing metal with single point tools
Boring
the process of joining metal with a filler rod that melts at a temperature below the metal being joined
Brazing
uses a long multi-tooth cutting tool that forms a shape in a single pass of the workpiece. pulls or pushes across the workpiece
Broaching
Part heated athigh temperature and causes the oxide particles the ceramic to bond, reduces porosity, increases strength and hardness
Ceramic firing
Include high hardness and brittleness , low impact strength, no plastic deformation before reaching tensile strength high modulus
Ceramic properties
cutting tool material. Ceramic material in a metal binder.
Cermets
describe how substance forms or substance through chemical change reaction
Chemical properties
Consider the catastrophic failure that occurs when a small piece breaks away from the cutting edge of the tool
Chipping
Typically produced by selectively etching the copper
Circuit traces
Process used manufacture of clay pipe-drainage tiles, auger or ram forces clay through it tubing die
Clay extrusion
Forming done below the crystallization point is :
Cold Forming
produces holes by the relative motion of a rotating cutting toll and workpiece
Drilling
nodule iron contains carbon in the form of times nodules or spheres gives the iron good ductility high tensile strength
Ductile Iron
highly accurate elastic impression materials that have qualities similar to rubber; they are used extensively in indirect restorative techniques, such as crown and bridge procedures
Elastomers
A process by which an electrode spark is used to erode small amounts of material from a work piece.
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)
Direct electric current is used to speed up the rate at which the material dissolves using a chemical etchant
Electrochemical machining
the metal to be welded is heated by the impingement of a beam of high-velocity electrons
Electron Beam Welding (EBW)
an electrolytic process in which a metal ion is reduced and a solid metal is deposited on a surface
Electroplating
is uniform removal of metal from a part to produce a smooth surface by using electrochemical techniques.
Electropolishing
A manufacturing process plastic deformation process that forces material through a die opening.
Extrusion
a-iron is a soft and ductile body centered cubic phase of iron the solid solution contains only 0.008% carbon at room temperature
Ferrite
Forming operation in which a narrow strip at the edge of a sheet is bent down along a straight or curved line
Flanging
force across the width of the grinding wheel measured in lb/in
Force Intensity
A process by which metal is heated and shaped by plastic deformation by suitably applying compressive force.
Forging
the heat required to produce the joint is generated by friction heating at the interface (spin welding)
Friction Welding (FRW)
An arc welding process where the arc is between a continuous filler metal electrode and the weld pool. Shielding from an externally supplied gas source is required.
Gas metal arc welding GMAW
attach the runners to the mold cavity
Gates
Process of removing unwanted residual stress from glass
Glass Annealing
Process of floating a sheet of viscous glass into a bath of liquid tin to eliminate surface imperfections
Glass rolling
Mold compacted around pattern with a sand clay water mixture that may contain other additives
Green Sand Casting
An operation that removes material by rotating an abrasive wheel or belt against the work.
Grinding
the degree in depth of hardness possible depends on the composition in cooling rate
Hardenability
- IBM combines injection molding and blow molding - A parison is injection molded and then blown - Better control over material distribution in preform - 2 molds are required (preform & blow mold)
Injection Blow Molding
2 stages of cooling -Molten salt bath with lower temp than austempering -cool in water
Martempering
glassy material contains rubber additives also known as Styrofoam good insulator but brittle
polystyrene
combines cutting forming in one step creates whole without completely separating the middle, creates tabs
Lancing
a welding process producing coalescence with the heat from a laser beam impinging on the joint
Laser Beam Welding (LBW)
high cost process for large parts
Plastic casting
is a machining process for removing material by relative motion between a workpiece and a rotating cutter having multiple edges
Milling
A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust
Oxidation
an advanced ceramic currently produced synthetically it allows control of impurities particle size and except blending
Oxides
A type of welding that uses heat from the combustion of a mixture of oxygen and a fuel gas, such as acetylene, methylacetylene-propadiene (MAPP), propane, natural gas, hydrogen, or propylene.
Oxyfuel Gas Welding (OFW)
engineering thermoplastic transparent extrude ability and impact resistance makes polycarbonate strong competitor acrylic sheet replacing flat glass plexiglass
Polycarbonate
A mixture of ferrite and cementite phases in parallel plates produced by the euctectoid decomposition of austenite. softest on the iron carbon diagram
Pearlite
the arc is maintained between a non consumable electrode and either the welding gun or the work piece
Plasma Arc Welding (PAW)
a method of forming items by injecting molten plastic into a die.
Plastic Extrusion
Will the hardest materials available high temperature and pressure bond cubic boron crystals together has high resistance to oxidation good hot harness thermal shock resistance high speeds not as tough
Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride
Consistent micro size diamond crystals in the carbide substrate compacted and bonded together, for greater precision and smoothness
Polycrystalline diamond
important in injection molding and blow molding susceptible too degradation in damage from ultraviolet light
Polypropylene
two part adhesive better flexibility in pill strength at low temperatures
Polyurethanes
Flexible for vinyl upholstery material rigid is found in pipes and plumbing fittings solve resistance burning flame retardant good insulator
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
acetate forms and emotion commonly used to join materials such as wood paper
Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)
porous weld
Porosity
Continuous fiber reinforcement preimpregnated with a polymer resin that is then partially cured.
Prepreg
A continuous manufacturing process used to create composite materials that have a constant cross-section. Reinforcing fibres are saturated with a liquid polymer resin and then pulled through a heated die to form a part.
Pultrusion
also known as piercing used primarily for making holes
Punching
iron contains up to 0.008% carbon
Pure iron
Liquid reactants monomers are mixed and then pressurized into a mold.
Reaction Molding
Heat treating process by which the grains of the strain hardened or work hardened metal reform or recrystallize into an unstrained condition
Recrystallization
heat treating process where the grains of a strain hardened material reform into an unstrained condition.
Recystallization
a solder paste (a mix of solder and flux particles) is applied onto the surface of the parts to be joined and then are heated to a temperature above the melting point of the solder. The process is conducted in a continuous furnace.
Reflow Soldering
Curving of metal into cylinders or cylindrical segments is carried out on machines using two or more rolls rotate in bend the metal as it passes between them
Roll bending
A closed mold is filled with a predetermined amount of plastic. The mold is heated, rotated, and then cooled to create a hollow plastic object with uniform wall thickness.
Rotational Molding
Provide a blend of oil and detergency in one package vantages are good lubrication in rust control longer soaplife solid oils cleaner shop
Semi-synthetic fluids
Adhesive that is flexible good ceiling capabilities heat resistance but low strength
Silicones
fusion of ceramic particles at their borders by heating them to the point that they just start to melt
Sintering
Process of joining two metallic surfaces to make an electrical contact by melting solder (usually tin and lead) across them.
Soldering
product of austenitic transfomation; formed when steel alloy with either pearlitic or bainitc microstructures is heated to and left at temperature below eutectoid for 18-24 hours; sphere-like particle
Spheroidite
Sheet metal is stretched and simultaneously bent to achieve shape change
Stretch Forming
Plastic sheets are heated over an open mold to a working temperature. Once workable, a vacuum is applied to the mold, forcing the plastic sheet to take the shape of the mold.
Thermoforming
plastics that are solid at room temperature but when he did this often can be recorked
Thermoplastic
process used to cut thread and refers to the manufacture of threads on external diameters. Lathes are sometimes used to cut the threads.
Thread Cutting
Component leads are placed through holes in the board and soldered on the other side
Through Hole Technology
Defined as a period of cutting time that the tool can be used
Tool life
is a solid-state process in which coalescence is produced by the localized application of high-frequency shear vibrations to surfaces that are held together under rather light normal pressure
Ultrasonic Welding (USW)
a raw workpiece to be forged
blank
strength is a point at the curve for this specimen fails
breakingor rupture strength
a formation on the cutting tool, is associated with a variation of the continuous chip, often encountered in machining ductile materials.
built-up edge (BUE)
nin crease in grain size will increase toughness but reduce the hardness and wear resistance of the tool
carbides
alloy of iron and carbon contains 2.0-6.67% carbon very brittle easy to pour and cast
cast iron
Have good wear resistance and maintain their hardness at high temperatures but they're not tough at high speeds
cast-colbalt alloys
the intermetallic compound Fe3C, a hard and brittle substance 6.67% carbon
cementite
Removes enough moisture to prevent the ceramic part from cracking in the firing kiln
ceramic Drying
presses powder from all directions at room temperature
ceramic Isostatic Pressing
Can be operated at higher cutting speeds and coated carbide tools run hotter and longer with less wear low coefficient of friction high wear resistance chemical inertness
ceramic cutting tools
Improves appearance and strengthen makes the ceramic part impermeable forms a smooth glassy coating after firing
ceramic glazing
lathes are sometimes used to cut the threads by this name
chasing
requires use of a Potter's wheel mechanical device spins clay that is hand shaped
clay Throwing
Process that forms one side of a clay product with a plaster mold and the other side using a metal template
clay jiggering
Process applies pressure on the material inside matched metal tooling
composite compression molding
the upper half of the mold in a cast
cope
polymers formed from two different monomers
copolymers
Gradual tool wear on the rake face of the tool
crater ware
regular geometric pattern of particles in most solids, giving a solid a definite shape and volume
crystalline structure
is a portion of the face edge that separates the chip from the workpiece
cutting edge
Green parts are then heated to drive off the polymer binder in the process known as
debinding
powder is electrostatically charged and sprayed into the ground work piece
electrostatic spraying
Are all droplets suspended in water by blending the oil with emulsifying agents and other minerals
emulsifiable fluid
adhesive are one or two par Have good chemical and heat resistance
epoxy
Method of making metal castings by the use of expanding polystyrene from patterns that eliminate the need for traditional mold cavities that evaporate after casting
evaporative casting
two-stage plastic forming process in which (1) a tube or parison is first extruded and then (2) it is clamped into a mold with a cavity much larger than the tube diameter, (3) it is blown outward to fill the mold cavity
extrusion blow molding
are magnetic and have good corrosion resistance let's duck tile cannot be hardened by heat treatment contain small amount of nickel
ferric stainless steels
process for producing fiber reinforced composites in which continuous fibers are wrapped around a form or mandrel the fibers may be prepregged or the filament wound structure may be impregnated to complete the production of the composite
filament winding
Surface or surface below and adjacent to the cutting edge
flank
Gradual tool wear on the relief face of the tool, cased by plastic deformation of the cutting edge
flank ware
Consist of heating the steel to proper temperature and then cooling slowly through the transformation range
full annealing
The art of heating and shaping glass.
glass blowing
usually involves matching molds that press a blob of viscous glass into a desired shape using mechanical centrifugal forces
glass pressing
edge where one boundary meets another
grain boundary
particle size of the abrasive grains, which influence the stock removal rate and surface finish
grain size
material loose powder
green compact (powder metallurgy)
carbon content in Free State flake or graphite most commonly used cast iron due to its machinability and high shear strength
grey iron
made but heat treating white iron high strength ductility in machinability
malleable iron
high pressure fluid surrounds the work piece and applies the force necessary to extrude through the die
hydrostatic extrusion
a shape in wax is created, and then covered with plaster or ceramic material (investment). When investment has hardened, the wax is melted out, then molten metal is poured in
investment casting
when extremely complex shapes are desired, the powder is generally encapsulated in a flexible mold and immersed in a pressurized gas or liquid process
isostatic compaction
laser machining
laser beam machining (LBM)
Smallest radius that can be formed without part cracking
maximum bend radius
stress to which material can be subjected without permanent deformation is known as the last elastic limit
maximum stress
also known as powder injection molding, powder is injected and then melted in the mold
metal injection molding (MIM)
Specialized metal forming process used for hollow products that can be turned to produce the desired shape
metal spinning
is the indication of the stiffness of a material
modulus of elasticities
the corner arc or sham for joining the side cutting in cutting edges
nose
Single groove that occurs simultaneously on the face and flank the tool but the depth of cut
notching ware
the most common thermal cutting, commonly flame cutting. in some cases the metal is merely melted by the flame of the oxyfuel gas torch and blown away to form a gap or kerf
oxyfuel gas cutting
process for producing a large number of castings using a single reusable mold. Casting process simply involves pouring molten metal into a mold where it cools and solidifies (most commonly used to cast ingots where are then processed into components)
permanent mold casting
a tool for understanding the phase changes of a metal
phase diagram
adhesive good sheer and peal strength with good heat resistance
phenolic
do not involve a change in composition
physical properties
submersion of material in chemical bathe to remove oxides
picking
thermoset molding compounds placed in mold heated and compressed under pressure to a shape
plastic Compression Molding
plastic melted in a pot and pumped into mold
plastic Transfer Molding
a thin board made of fiberglass or other laminate material on which conductive pathways are "printed", connecting different components on the PCB, such as transistors, resistors, and integrated circuits.
printed circuit board (PCB)
Substances that have a relatively high melting point and tend to exist in solid form.
refractory materials
welding in which the heat is generated by an electric current passing through the join
resistance welding
continuous hot or cold forming process
rolling
Multiple layer structural materials containing a low density core between thin faces of composite laminates
sandwiches
Process of cold forming a flat pre cut metal blank into a hollow vessel without the occurrence of excessive wrinkling thinning or fracturing
sheet Drawing
refers to a condition in which two metals are each completely soluble in the other while the in the other state
solid solubility
Or made from mineral oil provides excellent lubrication good rest control and long life yeah can be cause fire
straight cutting fluids
increased density for component population compared to that through whole technology paste it with soldering paste using a stencil printed operation
surface mount technology
Surface of glass is rapidly cooled after it has been formed some layers of compression in tinsel forces
tempered glass
the maximum stress developed by the material based on the original cross sectional area
tensile strength
base with a flat surface on the tool Shank parallel perpendicular to the tool plane
the cutting base
Lower half of a mold
the drag
is inclination of the face with respect to the side cutting edge angle
the side-rake angle
Channel through which the metal enters the mold
the sprue
extremely old process in which superheated molten metal and slag are produced from an exothermic chemical reaction between a metal oxide and a metallic reducing agent
thermit welding (TW)
Transfer of atoms across the interface between the workpiece and the cutting tool
tool diffusion
cutting point is the part of the tool shape to produce the cutting edges face in plank
tool point
he ability of material to absorb energy prior to failure, failure found by impact test
toughness
process used to solder wire ends, such as the multiple connecters that protrude through holes in electronic circuit boards,
wave soldering
A process that combines welding and adhesive bonding, combine in a way that compliments one another and cancels out each other's negative effect
weld bonding
Particles of molten metal produced during welding and thrown onto the surface adjacent to the weld
weld splatter
Fusing two pieces of material using a heat process; most commonly used with metal and plastics
welding
casting Gray iron against a metal sheet heat sink it's hard abrasion resistant soft iron core
white iron
A type of soda lime glass contains about 75% silica 14% soda and 10% lime
window glass
point of a ductile material defined as the point at which a permanent deformation continues without an increase in stress
yield point
the point at which a material begins to deform permanently
yield strength
