Marieb A &P II Chap 15, 16, 17 Quiz

Determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP) given a systolic pressure of 130 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of 70 mm Hg. 200 mm Hg 70 mm Hg 130 mm Hg 90 mm Hg

90 mm Hg

A panel with four images. Panel A shows a cross section blood vessel with a wall made of one layer of cells with tight junctions between cells. Panel B shows a cross section blood vessel with a wall made of one layer of cells with small holes in the cells, labeled fenestrations. Panel C shows a cross section blood vessel with a wall made of one layer of cells with large spaces between cells, irregular basal lamina and large pores in the walls of the cells. Panel D shows a cross section blood vessel with a wall made of one layer of cells and a second layer of smooth muscle cells on the outside. Continuous capillaries are labeled _____. B D C A

A Continuous capillaries are the most abundant capillaries, which permit only small substances to enter or exit the blood by the paracellular route because their endothelial cells are joined together by tight junction

Which of the following blood types is considered the universal recipient? AB+ 0- AB- 0+

AB+

Which of the following will cause in increase in peripheral resistance? A panel with four images. The image labeled A shows a decrease in vessel length. The image labeled B shows an increase in vessel diameter. The image labeled C shows decrease in blood viscosity. The image labeled D shows fat obstructing a vessel. Panels A, B, and C utilize arrows to indicate increase or decrease.Which of the following will cause in increase in peripheral resistance? A B D C

An obstruction, such as plaque, decreases the radius of the vessel and therefore increases the peripheral resistance.

Which of the following is paired INCORRECTLY? decreased hemoglobin; iron-deficiency anemia increased erythropoiesis; aplastic anemia increased erythrocyte destruction; hemolytic anemia Vitamin B12 deficiency; pernicious anemia

Aplastic anemia results from decrease in erythropoiesis in red bone marrow and may be caused by exposure to certain drugs or radiation.

An example of a waste product from the breakdown of hemoglobin is__________. biliverdin hemoglobin S transferrin jaundice

Biliverdin is a greenish pigment, which is then converted to bilirubin and excreted through feces and urine.

The AV valves close when __________. pressure in the aorta increases pressure in the atria increases pressure in the ventricles decreases pressure in the ventricles increases

During the isovolumetric contraction phase, the pressure in the ventricles rises rapidly as the ventricles begin to contract. This high pressure closes the AV valves.

Diagram with two panels illustrating two steps of homeostatic regulation. The first panel has a title "receptor", shows the kidneys and text: "Kidneys detect low oxygen levels". An arrow connects the first panel to a second panel with the title "control center", which shows the kidneys releasing a chemical into the blood stream. There is a red question mark in this panel. The hormone released by the kidneys in the figure above is __________. adrenalin hemoglobin erythropoietin vitamin K

Erythropoietin, or EPO, stimulates erythropoiesis. As more erythrocytes enter the blood, the hematocrit and oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood increase.

Increased sympathetic activity leads to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. True False

F

Veins regulate blood pressure and control blood flow to organs. True False

F

The percentage of blood composed of erythrocytes is called __________. formed elements plasma buffy coat hematocrit

Normal hematocrit in males is between 40% and 50% and in females it is lower at 36-44%.

Which of the following is NOT one of the formed elements in blood? plasma leukocytes erythrocytes platelets

Plasma Formed elements are cells or cell fragments. Plasma is the liquid extracellular matrix of blood.

Arteries in the systemic circuit carry oxygenated blood while arteries in the pulmonary circuit transport deoxygenated blood. True False

T

The electrical impulse is __________ as it passes through the AV node, because the atria need to contract __________ ventricles. accelerated; after accelerated; before delayed; before delayed; after

The AV node delay generally lasts about 0.13 second.

Determine the blood type of this patient based on the blood- typing test results in the figure. A table shows blood from a patient tested with anti-A and anti-B antibody. The sample tested with anti-A antibody is clear and homogeneous. The sample tested with the anti-B antibody shows red spots and patchy coloration. The column blood type has a question mark in it. B A O AB

The blood of this patient agglutinates when tested with anti-B antibody, so the B antigen is present. There is no reaction with the anti-A antibody.

Diagram of the heart showing the atria filled with blood and the AV valves closed. The ventricles contain blood labeled End-systolic volume (ESV). The semilunar valves are closed. Which of the following events will immediately follow the phase of the cardiac cycle depicted in the figure? Blood is ejected into the pulmonary artery and aorta. Ventricular systole. The semilunar valves open. The atrioventricular valves open.

This is the isovolumetric relaxation phase. During the next phase, the ventricular filling phase, the ventricles are in diastole and atrial systole occurs.

The protein indicated by a question mark in the figure depicting the steps of the common pathway of coagulation is __________. tissue factor thrombin prothrombin activator prothrombin

Thrombin is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Which part of the intrinsic conduction system delays the impulse briefly before it moves on to the ventricles? AV node Purkinje fibers bundle branches AV bundle (bundle of His) SA node

Yes, the AV node slows down the impulse giving the atria time to contract before the ventricles contract.

What does the ECG wave tracing represent? contraction of the heart electrical activity in the heart

Yes, the ECG waves show the depolarization and repolarization in various areas of the heart.

Contraction of the atria results from which wave of depolarization on the ECG tracing? T wave QRS complex P wave

Yes, the P wave represents atrial depolarization, which leads to atrial contraction.

What does the QRS complex represent in the ECG wave tracing? ventricular depolarization ventricular repolarization atrial repolarization atrial depolarization

Yes, the QRS complex represents depolarization in the ventricles, which have greater mass than the atria.

Which part of the conduction system initiates the depolarizing impulse, which spreads throughout the heart? AV node AV bundle (bundle of His) Purkinje fibers SA node

Yes, the SA Node spontaneously depolarizes, causing the wave of depolarization that spreads through the rest of the conduction system and heart.

Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins? View Available Hint(s) Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins? right ventricle left atrium right atrium left ventricle

Yes, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.

Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae? right atrium left atrium left ventricle right ventricle

Yes, the right atrium receives unoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit.

The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps? three pumps one pump two pumps

Yes, the right side of the heart pumps to/from the lungs (pulmonary circuit) and the left side of the heart pumps to/from the rest of the body (the systemic circuit).

Which of the following decreases heart rate? epinephrine acetylcholine glucagon norepinephrine

acetylcholine

What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure? atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) angiotensin-II antidiuretic hormone (ADH) aldosterone

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

The outward force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels is: cardiac output. blood pressure. resistance. blood flow.

blood pressure.

Peripheral resistance includes all of the following EXCEPT: blood vessel length. blood viscosity. vessel radius. blood type.

blood type.

When arterial blood pressure is measured in the arm with a spygmomanometer, which vessel is used? subclavian artery brachial artery ulnar artery axillary artery

brachial artery

Autorhythmicity is the responsibility of: contractile cells. skeletal muscle cells. cardiac muscle cells. cardiac pacemaker cells.

cardiac pacemaker cells.

Which pressure is created by the presence of large proteins in the blood, such as albumin? interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure hydrostatic pressure interstitial fluid osmotic pressure colloid osmotic pressure

colloid osmotic pressure

Generally, coronary veins empty into a vessel known as the: aorta. inferior vena cava. superior vena cava. coronary sinus.

coronary sinus.

Which of the following stimuli is detected by a chemoreceptor? stretch in the walls of arteries increased blood pressure decreased blood oxygen concentration vasodilation of arterioles

decreased blood oxygen concentration

A patient is suffering from liver failure and their liver is not producing enough plasma proteins. This will result in __________. decreased hydrostatic pressure increased colloid osmotic pressure increased hydrostatic pressure decreased colloid osmotic pressure

decreased colloid osmotic pressure

Hemorrhage would lead to a __________ preload and therefore __________ cardiac output. increased; decreased decreased; increased decreased; decreased increased; increased

decreased; decreased Blood loss will diminish the venous return and therefore decrease the preload. A decreased preload would cause a decrease in the stroke volume and therefore a decrease in the CO.

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used to return venous blood to the heart? skeletal muscle pump venous valves elastic fibers respiratory pump

elastic fibers

What characteristic differentiates cardiac muscle cells from skeletal muscle cells? sarcoplasmic reticulum intercalated discs excitability striations

intercalated discs

Which organ(s) regulate blood volume by altering the amount of fluid released in urine? kidneys spleen liver pancreas

kidneys

How will the cardiac output change if you double the heart rate but reduce the stroke volume by one-half? It will increase. It will decrease. It will not change. The answer cannot be determined by the information given.

no change

Which of the following is NOT a population of pacemaker cells in the heart? papillary muscles atrioventricular (AV) node sinoatrial (SA) node Purkinje fiber system

papillary muscles

What is found between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium? fibrous pericardium the heart the lungs pericardial fluid

pericardial fluid

What valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium? aortic valve left atrioventricular valve (mitral or bicuspid valve) pulmonary valve right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

Compared to veins, arteries have __________. larger lumen more valves thicker tunica media lower pressure

thicker tunica media

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of blood? to transport and exchange gases to protect vital organs blood clotting to maintain body temperature

to protect vital organs

The first step of hemostasis is __________. thrombolysis coagulation vascular spasm platelet plug formation

vascular spasm The immediate response of an injured vessel is vasoconstriction.

Which of the following is an appropriate effector response to decreasing blood pressure shown in the figure? Diagram of the homeostatic response to low blood pressure. It begins with a stimulus, causing blood pressure to decrease below the normal range. There is an arrow to a panel that shows the baroreceptors in the carotid sinus detect the decreased pressure and lower their rate of firing. The information is then sent to the control center, the medulla of the brainstem for integration. The medulla then causes an effector response, which influences the heart and blood vessels. Arrows are drawn from the medulla to the heart. The panel with the effector response has a question mark in it. As blood pressure increases, feedback returns the medullary response to normal. Which of the following is an appropriate effector response to decreasing blood pressure shown in the figure? decrease heart contractility vasoconstriction decrease heart rate increase parasympathetic output

vasoconstriction Constricting vessels will increase peripheral resistance and therefore increase blood pressure.

Which of the following vessels will have the lowest blood pressure? venule artery vein arteriole

vein

During the first step of platelet plug formation, the chemical produced by endothelial cells at the site of injury is called __________. von Willebrand factor tissue factor thrombin fibrinogen

von Willebrand factor Injured endothelial cells release a glycoprotein called von Willebrand factor (vWF), which binds to receptors on the surface of the platelets and causes platelets to become sticky.

Determine fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary. water is pushed out of the capillary by filtration water is pushed into the capillary by absorption there is no net movement of water water is pulled into the capillary by absorption

water is pushed out of the capillary by filtration