Marine Biology Sponge & Cnidarian Test
What percentage of animals are invertebrates?
97%
Sexual reproduction in sponges:
After fertilization in the sponge, a larva is released into the water. It floats around for a few days and then sticks to a solid to begin its growth into an adult sponge. Sponges are also able to reproduce asexually through budding.
Draw a bilateral organism and label dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, and lateral.
Anterior-head Posterior-butt Dorsal-back Ventral-belly Lateral-side to side EX:Crab
What type of symmetry is seen in sponges?
Asymmetrical-show no symmetry
Basal disk only in the "_____".
Basal disk only in the polyp.
What level of organization are sponges in?
Cellular level
Describe a cnidarian's nervous system.
Cnidarian nervous system: no cephalization/nervous system, nerve net around mouth.
Cnidarians are on a "__________" level of organiztion.
Cnidarians are on a tissue-no organs level of organization.
What is spongin?
Elastic fibers that offers support in elastic "bath" sponges.
Compare vertebrates and invertebrates.
Invertebrates are without a backbone. Vertebrates are animals with a backbone.
Mesoglea is thicker in medusa form.
Mesoglea is thicker in medusa form.
Phylum "_______" are the stinging celled animals.
Phylum CNIDARIA are the stinging celled animals
Phylum Ctenophora: "cone jellies", lack stinging cells, not cnidarians, have rows of silica to swim, sticky colloblasts to capture prey.
Phylum Ctenophora: "cone jellies", lack stinging cells, not cnidarians, have rows of silica to swim, sticky colloblasts to capture prey.
Polyp upside down is medusa.
Polyp upside down is medusa.
Polyp- top: oral surface. bottom: aboral surface. Medusa- top: aboral surface. bottom: oral surface.
Polyp- top: oral surface. bottom: aboral surface. Medusa- top: aboral surface. bottom: oral surface.
What type of symmetry is found in cnidarians?
Radial
Define sessile
Sessile-to live permanently attached to the bottom. (non-moving)
Sponges are "________" feeders.
Sponges are filter feeders.
Sponges can reproduce asexually by "_____________________________________" and the production of "_______________".
Sponges can reproduce asexually by breaking of branches or buds and the profuction of gametes.
The "________" is the stinging cell.
The cnidocyte is the stinging cell.
Explain the 4 type of sensory cells in cnidarians.
4 sensory cells in cnidarians: -chemoreceptors (chemicals) -thigmoreceptors (touch) -photoreceptors (light) -statocysts (balance)
Function of an ameobocyte:
-Amoebocyte: delivering nutrients from choanocytes to other cells within the sponge; giving rise to eggs for sexual reproduction; delivering sperm from choanocytes to eggs, and differentiating into more specific cell types.
Describe asexual and sexual reproduction in cnidarians.
-Asexual: budding from polyps or medusae. -Sexual: medusae release sperm & eggs. some monoecious, some dioecious. larvae free swimming.
Define the 3 types of symmetry and give examples of each.
-Asymmetry: without symmetry or body organs, very simple body plan, grow according to environment. Ex: Porifera -Radial symmetry: circular pattern, body radiates from center point, provides protection, & resources all around body. Ex: cnidarian, echinodermata -Bilateral symmetry: most advanced body plan, body is divided into 2 halves, have highly specialized organs. Ex: cordata, mollusca, arthopada, annelida, nematoda.
List the 3 classes of sponges and define each
-Calcarea: calcareous sponge. (calcium) -Hexatinellida: glass sponge. (Silicone/Silica) -Demosponagiae: bath sponge
List the 4 classes of cnidarians and give examples.
-Class Anthozoa: sea anemomes -Class Schphozoa: fried egg jellyfish -Class Cubozoa: box jellyfish -Class Hydrazoa: portogese man o war
Give function of the following and be able to label and draw: osculum, ostia (pore), epidermal cell, spongocoel, mesenchyme, choanocyte, porocyte, spicule, amoebocyte.
-Osculum: excretory structure in the living sponge, a large opening to the outside through which the current of water exits after passing through the spongocoel. LARGE EXCURRENT PORE. -Ostia (pore): small incurrent pores, a series of tiny pores all over the body of a sponge that let water into the sponge. -Spongecoel: large central cavity of sponges. water enters the spongocoel through hundreds of tiny spores (ostia) & exits through the larger opening (osculum). -Mesenchyme: inner lining -Choanocyte: by moving their flagella, choanocytes generate a flow of water through the sponge's pores into the spongocoel, and out through the osculum. -Porocyte: allow water into the sponge. -Spicule: provide structural support & deter predators. -Amoebocyte: delivering nutrients from choanocytes to other cells within the sponge; giving rise to eggs for sexual reproduction; delivering sperm from choanocytes to eggs, and differentiating into more specific cell types.
Describe the two body forms.
-Polyp: tube with tentacles around the mouth. sessile. EX: sea anenome. -Medusa: umbrella shape, tentacle around mouth, motile-free swimming. EX: box jelly.
Describe respiration, internal transport, and excretion in cnidarians.
-Respiration: via diffusion, body is 2 cell layers thick. -Internal transport: via diffusion -Excretion: via diffusion
Describe how cnidarians feed.
They are carnivores (predators). Process of feeding: tentacles sting prey with nemotcysts, tentacles grab prey, prey is pulled in to mouth, prey is stuffed into gastrovascular cavity (GVC**), GVC makes enzymes, extra celluar digestion, undigested food goes back out mouth.
All sponges are in Phylum Porifera which means..
They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them.
What is the 4 characteristics of animals?
They are multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic, and cells lack a cell wall.