Market Research Final

Based on a significance level of 0.01, which p-value would support the hypothesis? a. P-value = 0.015 b. P-value = 0.050 c. P-value = 0.100 d. P-value = 0.001

.001

The chart below depicts what type of distribution: a. Frequency distribution b. Percentage distribution c. Probability distribution d. Standardized normal distribution

frequency distribution

Ordering questions on a survey from general to more specific questions allows researchers to establish respondent's overall frame of reference prior to collection detailed preferences. What technique are researchers using? a. Branching technique b. Funnel technique c. Breakoff technique d. Order bias

funnel technique

Healthy individuals consumer at least three servings of vegetables a day. How many servings of vegetables do you eat a day?" What common mistake is exemplified in the question above? a. Leading question b. Checklist question c. Filter question d. Double-barreled question

leading question

The ______ the p-value, the ______ the likelihood that the statistical expectation is true. a. Lower; lower b. Higher; lower c. Higher; same d. Lower; higher

lower; lower

In statistics, what is the measure of central tendency that identifies the value that occurs most often? a. Mode b. Mean c. Standard Deviation d. Median

mode

Inferential statistics uses the concept of ____________ distribution, which is the long-run relative frequency with which an event will occur. a. Probability b. Proportion c. Metrics d. Population Parameters

probability

A sample approach during which every member of a population has a known probability of being included in the study is known as _____________. a. Convenience sampling b. Random sampling error c. Nonprobability sampling d. Probability sampling

probability sampling

Stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling belong to which sampling technique? a. Nonprobability sampling b. Probability sampling c. Snowball sampling d. Judgment sampling

probability sampling

Which of the following characteristics does NOT apply to quota sampling? a. Probability sampling b. Quick data collection c. Low cost d. Can introduce bias

probability sampling

If degree of accuracy is a major concern for a researcher, a highly generalizable sample is preferred. Therefore, a researcher should administer ___________ rather than _____________ in the research study. a. Probability; nonprobability b. Snowball; stratified c. Convenience; probability d. Nonprobability; probability

probability; nonprobabilty

To encourage respondents to answer questions on online surveys, researchers can implement ____________ involving the reminder to complete incomplete questions before moving forward. a. Piping b. Prompting c. Status bar d. Branching

prompting

A stratified sample in which the number of sampling units drawn from each stratum is in proportion to the population size of that stratum is known as ______________. a. Equal stratified sample b. Unequal stratified sample c. Proportional stratified sample d. Disproportional stratified sample

proportional stratified sample

_____________ difference between the sample result and the result of a census conducted using identical procedures. a. Convenience sample error b. Probability sampling c. Sampling unit error d. Random sampling error

random sampling error

The distance between the smallest and the largest values of a frequency distribution is: a. Standard Deviation b. Frequency c. Range d. Mode

range

The boom in demand for marketing research analysts exists because a. Companies operate under status quo. b. Raw data alone are seldom useful. c. Trends Change. d. Compared to past decades, consumers freely provide data

raw data alone are seldom useful

Considering the relationship between Type I and Type II errors, _________ the probability of a Type II error ____________the probability of a Type I error. a. Increasing; reduces b. Increasing; increases c. Reducing; reduces d. Reducing; increases

reducing; increases

John has collected over 2,000 Twitter comments and organized these comments in a spreadsheet. He decides to randomly pull 500 comments for a content analysis. John selects a starting point and selects every 25th comment to be included in this sample of 500 comment. What sampling approach did John implement? a. Quota sampling b. Cluster sampling c. Stratified sampling d. Systematic sampling

systematic sampling

Susan is creating a tabulation to arrange her data. However, she is creating the tabulation by hand. What is the process called that Susan is engaging in? a. Tallying b. Codes c. Histogram d. Contingency table

tallying

A researcher is studying if male and female consumers view Web pages for the same amount of time. The type of test the researcher would implement to analyze the relationships between these two variables is referred to as _______. a. Test of differences b. Z-test for differences of proportions c. Between-groups variance d. Pooled estimate of standard error

test of differences

A standardized normal distribution is a specific normal curve that features several characteristics EXCEPT: a. The curve has a standard deviation of 4. b. The mean coincides with the normal curve's highest point. c. The shape of the curve is symmetrical about a mean of zero. d. The area under the curve has a probability density equal to 1.

the curve has a standard deviation of 4

The null hypothesis for an ANOVA is expressed as: a. The means are all equal. b. Not all means are equal. c. At least two group medians are significantly different from each other. d. The medians are all equal.

the means are all equal

When is it most appropriate for a researcher to conduct a median split? a. When the data has a bimodal distribution. b. When the sample size is over 100. c. When multiple items assess the same construct. d. When the data is normally distributed.

when the data has a biomodal distribution

When do sample statistics become inferential? a. When describing the population. b. When used to make guesses about population parameters. c. When determining the percentage of elements that meet criterion for membership in a category. d. When used to compare a sample against a population.

when used to make guesses about population parameters

Which of the following is NOT true about survey design? a. Survey design is one of the most critical stages of survey research. b. Researchers need to minimize error in survey design. c. Bad questions lead to useless results. d. Writing good questions is easy.

writing good questions is easy

A technique used to test the hypothesis that proportions are significantly different for two independent samples or groups is referred to as ___________. a. F-test b. Grand mean c. Z-test for differences of proportions d. Between-groups variance

z test for differences of proportions

What is the median associated with the numbers displayed below? 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 14, 18, 20, 23, 26, 28, 30, 33, 36, 37, 41, 44, 46, 50, 52, 56, 59, 61, 62, 66, 68, 70, 74, 79, 80 a. 41 b. 37 c. 44 d. 39

39

Compute the mean of the following numbers: 10, 5, 2, 4, 3, 7, 5, 8, 6, 10 a. 10 b. 6 c. 7 d. 8

6

Based on the contingency table below, what can be concluded about the corresponding sample of the study? a. 65.5% of the total upper classmen live on campus. b. The total sample size of the study is 168. c. 41.3% of the students live off campus. d. Overall, more under classmen participated in the study.

65.5 of the total upper classmen live on campus

When examining the model R2 in a multiple regression model, which of the following is true? a. Higher R2 values reflect higher explained variation. b. Higher R2 values reflect higher significance. c. Higher R2 values reflect not significant relationships. d. R2 values are examined even if the overall model F is not significant.

A

Confidence intervals around the mean difference provide useful understanding about the hypothesis test and more insights about the true magnitude of a tested effect. Which of the following confidence intervals does not support the corresponding hypothesis? a. [-2.5; -1] b. [0; 2] c. [4; 8] d. [24.5; 55]

[0; 2]

Questionnaires need to be systematically planned during the survey design stage. To assist with the design process, researchers can ask the following questions: a. What should be asked? b. All of these questions can help researchers in survey design. c. What order should questions be arranged? d. How should the survey be pretested?

all of these questions can help researchers in survey design

The range, variance, and standard deviation all assess what in a dataset? a. All three measure the dispersion of the data i.e. how the observations vary from the mean. b. All three examine the relative strength of relationship among variables. c. All three compare the sample distribution to the population distribution. d. All three assess the frequency distributions of the data.

all the measures the dispersion of the data i.e. how the observations vary from the mean

Fixed-alternative questions are often included on surveys due to the following advantages EXCEPT: a. Answer choices are all inclusive b. Quick to answer c. Interviewer skills are less important d. Easy to answer

answer choices are all inclusive

_____________ are those that the researcher should build into a survey that allow a comparison between sample units that do respond and those that do not respond. a. Reliability variables b. Assessment variables c. Testing variables d. Auxiliary variables

auxiliary variables

When developing a questionnaire, researchers need to try to prevent common mistakes including: a. Include ambiguity b. Make assumptions c. Complex is better d. Avoid loaded questions

avoided loaded questions

Statistical analyses that involves two variables is called __________. a. Double statistics b. Bivariate statistics c. Univariate statistics d. Trivariate statistics

bivariate statistics

A local coffee shop has recently experienced a decline in sales over the last few months. The manager received some findings from a recent survey conducted by the owners, presenting proportion data on the coffee shops recent customers. The managers is most interested in reviewing the negative customer comments and least favorable answers to questions. Which metric would best serve the manager in increasing customer satisfaction and store traffic? a. Mean b. Bottom-Box Scores c. Standard Deviation d. Top-Box Scores

bottom box scores

Online surveys can incorporate __________ and __________ to enhance the overall survey flow and facilitate data accuracy. a. Loaded question; double-barreled question b. Branching; survey blocks c. Bias; breakoff d. Breakoff; branching

branching; survey blocks

Violet is participating in a research study and completing an online survey. After answering a few questions, Violet gets frustrated with the questions and closes the survey leaving half the questions unanswered. Violets actions can be referred to as ___________. a. Branching b. Blocks c. Breakoff d. Order bias

breakoff

Mark is planning on assessing the satisfaction among all of his 145 sales executives by sending out an online survey. All 145 sales executives represent __________. a. Census b. Consensus c. Population element d. Sampling frame

census

Sam has collected some data on app expenditures among consumers between the ages of 20-28. Upon reviewing the data, she noticed some slight issues with the normal distribution of some variables. Sam suspects that her small sample size has something to do with this issue and decides to collect more data to approach a more normal distribution. What phenomena explains Sam's logic? a. Population distribution b. Central-limit theorem c. Additive theorem d. Standard error of the mean

central limit theorem

The theory that, as the sample size increases, the distribution of sample means of size n, randomly selected, approaches a normal distribution is called ________. a. Point estimate b. Standard error of the mean c. Normalization theorem d. Central-limit theorem

central limit theorem

The question depicted below features what type of fixed-alternative answer choice? a. Simple-dichotomy question b. Dichotomous-alternative question c. Checklist question d. Open-ended question

checklist question

Research studies focusing on consumer behavior influenced by geographic areas, such as South versus North, should implement what type of sample? a. Cluster b. Judgment c. Quota d. Systematic

cluster

__________ represents the way a specific meaning is assigned to a response within previously edited data. a. Frequency table b. Descriptive analysis c. Coding d. Tabulation

coding

What is the final step in selecting a sample? a. Define target population b. Select sampling frame c. Conduct a fieldwork d. Determine procedure for selecting sampling unit

conduct a fieldwork

A researcher is interested in studying coffee consumption in Seattle. After conducting the appropriate analysis, the researcher concludes "With 95 percent confidence, I can say that the average consumer in Seattle drinks between 7 and 12.4 cups of coffee per week." This statement reflects the researcher's findings with regards to: a. Probability b. Confidence interval estimate c. Range d. Frequency distribution

confidence interval estimate

___________ is a data matrix that displays the frequency of some combination of possible responses to multiple variables. a. Frequency table b. Marginals c. Histogram d. Contingency table

contingency table

A researcher pressured to meet a deadline or to complete a project quickly will most likely select __________ sampling due to its quick implementation potential. a. Quota b. Convenience c. Cluster d. Snowball

convenience

Even though it is a nonprobability sampling approach, ________________ is the most commonly used sample in marketing research. a. Cluster b. Convenience c. Snowball d. Simple random

convenience

Which of the following statements about cross-tabulation is NOT true? a. Cross-tabulations can be used for graphical analysis. b. Significance is determined by the chi-square test statistics. c. Cross-tabulations compare the observed and the understood frequency. d. Cross-tabulations can be used for big data analysis.

cross tabulations compare the observed and the understood frequency

A new research study is trying to understand how undergraduate students utilize textbooks. Results of previous studies have shown that publishers believe students prefer online textbooks, while educators believe students still prefer printed textbooks if they buy textbooks at all. Since undergraduate students are usually very close in age, the researchers decide not to create age groups and instead ask an open ended question to assess respondents' age. Once the data is collected, the researcher can create a grouping variable based on the age distribution of the sample. What is the process called that researchers will implement to change the data by creating a grouping variable? a. Data elaboration b. Data transferal c. Data transformation d. Statistical base

data transformation

Researchers must consider a variety of sampling criteria and assess the relative importance of these criteria to decide on the most appropriate sample design. The sampling criterion that researchers should consider include: a. Degree of accuracy b. Researcher personality c. Respondent intelligence d. Respondent height

degree of accuracy

What best describes degrees of freedom? a. Degrees of freedom are only necessary if the sample size is larger than 30 for a univariate t-test. b. Degrees of freedom are equal to the sample size minus one. c. Degrees of freedom determine significance. d. Degrees of freedom only apply to multivariate analysis.

degrees of freedom are equal to the sample size minus one

In a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) the dependent variable and independent variable are: a. Dependent is continuous and independent is continuous b. Dependent is continuous and independent is categorical c. Dependent is categorical and independent is categorical (more than two levels) d. Dependent is categorical (two levels) and independent is continuous

dependent is continuous and independent is categorical

The elementary transformation of raw data in a way that describes the basic characteristics such as central tendency, distribution, and variability is referred to as __________. a. Tabulation b. Coding c. Contingency table d. Descriptive analysis

descriptive analysis

Estimating the actual sample size for a simple random sample involves a sequence of steps. Which one of the steps below is not one of the steps needed to estimate the sample size? a. Estimate allowable magnitude of error. b. Determine confidence level. c. Determine desired gender balance of sample. d. Approximate standard deviation of population.

determined desired gender balance of sample

"How often do you eat fast-food and exercise per week?" is an example of what type of question mistake? a. Counterbiasing statement b. Complex question wording c. Split-ballot technique d. Double-barreled question

double barreled question

All of the following statements describe descriptive analysis EXCEPT: a. Due to its complexity, descriptive statistics are not widely used. b. Descriptive analysis is one of the most basic statistical analysis. c. Sample descriptive statistics allow researchers to make inferences about population characteristics. d. Descriptive statistics for a variable utilize univariate statistics.

due to its complexity, descriptive statistics are not widely used

As part of her coding scheme, Sarah decides to apply __________ for her dichotomous variables such as gender - she uses 0 for males and 1 for females. a. Class coding b. Gender coding c. Effects coding d. Dummy coding

dummy coding

Cheng is conducting an experiment and decides to implement a coding scheme of -1 and +1 for his dichotomous variable previous experience with retail store. Cheng has implemented what kind of coding scheme? a. Positive-negative coding b. Effects coding c. Dummy coding d. Class coding

effects coding

A researcher is conducting a study on shopping behavior and is interested in determining differences based on gender. Once a cross-tabulate has been created to determine if more women or men go shopping at Whole Foods, the research decides to look at an additional variable: green behavior. Results show that while overall more women than men go shopping at Whole Foods, adding green behavior does not show this gender effect since both groups express the same frequency of shopping at the store. What type of analysis did the researcher implement? a. Significance level b. Elaboration analysis c. Median split d. Data transformation

elaboration analysis

Which of the procedures outlined below should not be implemented to control for nonresponse bias and enhance generalizability of the sample? a. Ensure a high response rate since it guarantees bias free data. b. Regularly update and manage sampling frame databases to ensure accurate information for each potential respondent. c. Incorporate auxiliary variables in the questionnaire. d. Implement post hoc sampling procedures for difficult to reach individuals.

ensure a high response rate since it guarantees bias free data

Based on the SPSS output below, what two variables were examined in the chi-square test? What is your gender? * What season does your birthday fall in? CrosstabulationCountWhat season does your birthday fall in?WinterSpringSummerFallTotalWhat is your gender?Male711413Female21216Total923519 Chi-Square TestsValuedfAsymptotic Significance (2-Sided)Pearson Chi-Square2.698a3.440Likelihood Ratio2.5683.463Linear-by-Linear Association.0761.782N of Valid Cases19 a. 7 cells (87.5%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .63. a. Season of the year and gender b. Male and female c. Not able to determine d. Gender and season of birthday

gender and season of birthday

The ___________ the quality of the question, the ___________ the quality of the data. a. Lower; higher b. Higher; lower c. Higher; higher d. Lower; no impact

higher; higher

If a researcher is trying to specify the sample size for a research project, all of the following factors are required EXCEPT: a. Variance of the population b. Magnitude of acceptable error c. Homogeneity of the population d. Confidence level

homogeneity of the population

Which of the following assumption about the hypothesis testing procedure is NOT true? a. Hypotheses should be specific. b. Hypotheses are supported if measured and implied values are consistent. c. Hypotheses are not theory driven, d. Hypotheses are derived from research objectives.

hypotheses are derived from research objectives

As sample size __________, the likelihood of introducing random sampling error ___________. a. Decreases; stays the same b. Increases; decreases c. Increases; increases d. Decreases; decreases

increases; decreases

Laury is interested in examining if retail location (online vs. brick-and-mortar) has an impact on the prices of luxury cosmetic. If the prices differ based on retail location can be tested with what statistical analysis? a. Cross-tabulation b. Pooled estimate of the standard error c. Paired-samples t-test d. Independent t-test

independent t test

_________ is a test for hypotheses stating a difference in means of an at-least interval dependent variable divided into two groups formed based on some less-than interval classificatory variable. a. Independent t-test b. Paired-samples t-test c. ANOVA d. Pooled estimate of the standard error

independent t test

Software Inc. decides to test-market a new product in Denver and Portland because it wants to make an implication from these sample markets to predict consumer behavior throughout the United States. What type of statistics best represents the final information Software Inc. is trying to determine in this example? a. Descriptive b. Metrics c. Sample d. Inferential

inferential

The purpose of a pretest is to uncover any problems a questionnaire my cause. Therefore, researchers conduct pretests to answer specific questions about the survey. Which of the following is NOT one of the questions addressed by a pretest? a. Are questions easily answered? b. What item response rate can be expected? c. Is the survey cheap to administer? d. Is the survey flow natural and conversational?

is the survey cheap to administer

Self-administered Internet surveys is one of the most commonly utilized tools to collect consumer data. Important features of these online surveys include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Timing b. Response quality c. Lack of randomization d. Status bar

lack of randomization

The contingency table below summarizes the living situation of students. Referring to the data in the table, which statement correctly describes the living situation of students? a. More upper classmen than under classmen live on campus (58 vs. 110). b. More under classmen than upper classmen live off campus (166 vs. 117). c. More under classmen than upper classmen live off campus (108 vs. 58). d. More upper classmen than under classmen live off campus (168 vs. 166).

more under classman than upper classmen live off campus (108 vs. 58)

In an attempt to keep surveys short, researchers often present several similar questions grouped together as depicted below. What type of question is shown? a. Filter question b. Single-grid question c. Frequency-determination question d. Multiple-grid question

multiple grid question

During a research project, researchers often utilize two or more probability sampling techniques to test the same research questions. This research sampling approach is called ___________. a. Multi-sampling b. Multistage area sampling c. Convenience sampling d. Disproportional stratified sample

multistage area sampling

Usually, these type of level of variables are utilized in chi-square tests. a. Ordinal and interval b. Ratio and interval c. Nominal and ordinal d. Nominal and ratio

nominal and ordinal

Convenience sampling, judgment sampling, and quota sampling are examples of what type of sampling technique? a. Nonprobability sampling b. Simple random sampling c. Stratified sampling d. Probability sampling

non probability sampling

Why do researchers try to avoid nonresponse bias? a. Nonresponse bias is a threat to external validity as individuals decide not to respond due to a systematic reason. b. Researchers still have to pay for surveys that were not answered. c. It increases response rates. d. It can enhance generalizability of results.

nonresponse bias is a threat to external validity as individuals decide not to respond due to a systematic reason

Susan is studying consumers' attitude towards a new product packaging. She created a survey including a variety of questions. One of the questions is "What do you think about the new product packaging? Please be as detailed as possible in your response." What type of question did Susan create? a. Frequency-determination question b. Fixed-alternative question c. Open-ended response question d. Multiple-choice question

open ended response question

Researchers can phrase questions in many different ways. Two basic types of questions based on the amount of freedom respondents have in providing an answer are ____________ and ______________. a. Open-question; fixed-question b. Open-ended; fixed-alternative c. Open-alternative; fixed-ended d. Open-answer; fixed-answer

open ended; fixed alternative

Carla is posting a link to her online survey on several of her publish social network websites. Therefore, anyone who visits her social network websites could complete the survey and become part of the final sample. The respondent's behavior of deciding to complete the survey rather than being selected by Carla is called _____________. a. Opt in b. Population element c. Probability sampling d. Sampling unit

opt in

Jill is conducting a study on consumer happiness. She first asks respondents questions about how happy they are with their life in general and then how happy they are with their partnership. Lastly, Jill asks about respondents' happiness with their career. What mistake has Jill made when creating the survey? a. Counterbiasing statement b. Double-barreled question c. Unaided recall d. Order bias

order bias

Considering the various levels of scale measurement, only certain descriptive statistics can be computed depending on the complexity of the scale. Which of the following combination of level of measurements and descriptive statistics is not correct? a. Interval and mode b. Ratio and standard deviation c. Ordinal and mean d. Nominal level and frequency table

ordinal and mean

Jill is conducting a study on consumer satisfaction with driving services. She first asks respondents to rate their satisfaction with Uber and then asks the same respondents to rate their satisfaction with Lyft. What type of statistical test is most appropriate to compare the two satisfaction scores? a. Cross-tabulation b. Paired-samples t-test c. Pooled estimate of the standard error d. Independent t-test

paired samples t test

An estimate of the population mean in the form of a single value, usually the sample mean is known as ___________. a. Point estimate b. Sampling distribution c. Confidence level d. Confidence interval estimate

point estimate

A frequency distribution of the population elements is called a ________ distribution whereas a frequency distribution of a sample is called a __________ distribution. a. Population; frequency b. Population; sample c. Frequency; sample d. Sample; population

population; sample

__________ is a tabulation of the results of a pretest to help determine whether the questionnaire will meet the objectives of the research. a. Multiple-grid question b. Piping software c. Preliminary tabulation d. Pretest

preliminary tabulation

Which of the following statements related to systematic sampling errors is NOT true? a. Lack of correctness in executing the study can lead to these errors. b. The nature of a study's design can cause these errors. c. These errors are not due to chance fluctuations. d. Reflects the difference between sample and census results.

reflects the differences between sample and census results

Questionnaire __________ refers to the extent that all information collected addresses a research question and helps a decision-maker address a current marketing problem. a. Congruity b. Accuracy c. Relevancy d. Management

relevancy

Questionnaire accuracy is highly influenced by the factors listed below, NOT including: a. Question sequence b. Question wording c. Respondent interest d. Respondent patience

respondent patience

Rather than surveying every US Instagram user between the ages of 18-28, Rick randomly selects a subset and administers an online survey. What is Rick implementing? a. Census b. Population element c. Sample d. Reverse directory

sample

Online panels, population census, and reverse directories are all examples of ____________. a. Target population b. Tertiary sampling unit c. Census d. Sampling frame

sampling frame

_______________ error that occurs when certain sample elements are not listed or are not accurately represented in a sampling frame. a. Random sampling error b. Sampling frame error c. Secondary sampling error d. Systematic sampling error

sampling frame error

A research study is examining customer satisfaction levels with an airline. The researcher is selecting certain flights across a one month time period to distribute surveys to. The select flights represent ___________. a. Cluster unit b. Sampling unit c. Target population d. Random sampling error

sampling unit

________ is the application of results from one or more pilot studies prior to deciding on the sample size for a definitive study. a. Sampling distribution b. Central-limit theorem c. Pilot sampling d. Sequential sampling

sequential sampling

____________ is a critical probability associated with a statistical hypothesis test that indicates how likely it is that an inference supporting a difference between an observed value and some statistical expectation is true. a. Index number b. Type I error c. Significance level d. Type II error

significant level

"Have you ever cheated on an exam? Select one answer: Yes___ No___" What type of question is depicted above? a. Checklist question b. Multiple-grid question c. Frequency-determination question d. Simple-dichotomy question

simple dichotomy question

Marketing research studies draw conclusions about populations by measuring a small sample rather than taking a census. Some of the reasons why researchers utilize samples rather than census include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Lower costs b. Slow data collection c. High data accuracy d. Reduced labor requirements

slow data collection

Maggi is asking her students to complete her online survey to assess online shopping behavior. To increase her sample size, she asks each of her students to find two more people to complete the online survey. Her total sample size is 546. Maggi used a _____________ sampling approach. a. Convenience b. Cluster c. Snowball d. Quota

snowball

Respondents who take relatively little time to answer all questions on a survey, so that the veracity of the responses is questionable are referred to as _____________. a. Rushers b. Speeders c. Balloters d. Quick responders

speeders

__________ is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution. a. Sampling distribution b. Sample distribution c. Standard error of the mean d. Standardized normal distribution

standard error of the mean

The image below depicts what type of survey technology researchers can implement in survey design? a. Heat map b. Status bar c. Piping software d. Speeders

status bar

____________ is created when the sample data suggests that a relationship does not exist when in fact a relationship does exist. a. Type III error b. Data transformation c. Type II error d. Type I error

type II error

In comparison to _____, _______ occurs when a condition that is true in the population is rejected based on statistical observations in a sample. a. Type III error; type I error b. Type I error; type II error c. Type II error; type I error d. Type I error; type III error

type II error; type I error

After the Super Bowl, researchers often conduct studies to assess consumers' attitude towards the Super Bowl ads. One question potential question a researcher could design is "What brands were advertised during the Super Bowl?" What question best describes the Super Bowl question above? a. Filter question b. Loaded question c. Unaided recall d. Aided-recall

unaided recall

Researchers use ________ to tests hypotheses involving only one variable and draw inferences about that single variable. a. Multiple statistical analysis b. Bivariate statistical analysis c. Univariate statistical analysis d. Single statistical analysis

univariate statistical analysis

All of the following statements apply to cross-tabulations EXCEPT: a. Cross-tabulation involve multiple variables rather than a single variable. b. Observed values are compared to hypothetical values in a cross-tabulation. c. Usually, variables are less-than interval level. d. Variables are always dichotomous.

variables are always dichotomous

The first question a researcher must answer in identifying a relevant sample is: a. What population are we trying to project? b. What is the sampling frame? c. What sample size is needed? d. What procedure should be implemented for selecting sampling units? Hide Feedback Correct

what population are we trying to project