Marriage and Family FINAL EXAM

Commune

A _____________ is a situation or place characterized by group living

Professional

A feminine expectation that has emerged over the past thirty years is that of the "_____________ woman", who is independent, ambitious, and self confident

There has been a serious breakdown in marriage and family values

A person who believed in the "family-decline" theory might say the following:

Quiverfull

A pro-large family movement known as ______ is situated in some fundamentalist Christian churches.

Family ecology

A strength of the _____ perspective is that it challenges the idea that family success depends solely on individual effort

The military

According to the text more and more women are entering non traditional occupations such as

More

According to the text, fathers are spending _______ time with their children in comparison to the past

participants' honesty, motivation, and ability to respond.

According to the text, one disadvantage of survey research is it depends on the

Is my child doing well in school?

According to the text, parents today face questions that would not have been imagined several decades ago. Which of the following is NOT one of the questions discussed in the text?

79

According to the text, women full time employees can earn __________ percent of what employed men do

Economic assets

According to the value of children perspective, children are viewed

Erotic

According to the wheel of love theory there are four stages in the development of love. Which of the following is NOT one of these

Secure

Adults with a _________ attachment style are inclined to trust that their relationships will provide ongoing emotional support

Insecure/anxious

Adults with a(n) __________ attachment style exhibit possible negative behaviors such as unwarranted jealousy or attempts to control one's partner due to "fear of abandonment."

Living apart together

An emerging alternative to marriage is ___________, where a couple is engaged in a long term relationship but each partner also maintains a separate dwelling

Collectivistic

Arranged marriage has characterized __________ societies.

As much or more time

Compared with parents in the past, today's parents spend _______ with their children

Babies

Discipline is never appropriate for _______.

Community became more vital and important

Due to the American individualist orientation, three interrelated developments have occurred relating to marriage. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

Stabilization

Evidence shows that children especially when they are young tend to have which of the following influences on marriage

how family members use their resources to trade with other family members

Exchange theory stresses the importance of __________ in family relationships.

Economic trends and cultural changes

Family change is attributed to which of the following influences?

False

Functional definitions of the family refer to what the family is while structural definitions emphasize what the family does

False

Gender socialization does not begin until late toddlerhood

Consummate

In Robert Sternberg's typology,___________ love is composed of all three dimensions of his theory

Institutional

In an _________ marriage, coming together as husband and wife was based on dutiful adherence to the time honored marriage premise, particularly the norm of permanence.

Arranged

In much of the world, particularly in parts of Asia and Africa that are less Westernized, parents have traditionally __________ their children's marriages.

Psychological

In the United States, the mother is expected to be the child's primary ________________ parent assuming the major emotional responsibility for the safety and upbringing of her children

Marriage

In the United States,__________ remains the most socially acceptable and stable gateway to family life

Opportunity

Janet is employed as an executive within a major corporation. When she decided to have a child she stepped down from this position thus giving up a six figure income. Janet's situation illustrates which of the following costs?

intermittent cohabitation

Many parenting couples move in together, then out, then back in, a situation referred to as

agentic

Men are expected to have _________ character traits like strength, self-confidence, assertiveness, and ambition.

Increased hours

Men with children work __________compared to childless men, on average.

Passion

Of the components of consummate love, which is the quickest to develop and the quickest to fade?

Orientation

Parents, brothers, and sisters are part of a persons family of

Expand

People are influenced by the society around them. Societal or structural conditions can negatively limit or positively________ our options.

Blinders

Personal experience provides us with information, but it can also act as _____, which is why we need scientific study.

assortative mating

Research has shown that individuals gradually filter or sort out those who they think would not make the best life partner;for instance women place importance on potential financial success in a mate. This is an example of which concept

A physically attractive, healthy person

Research suggests several qualities to look for when choosing a spouse. Which of the following is NOT one of those qualities?

representative

Researchers conducting surveys want their samples to be

Experiment

Researchers who randomly assign subjects to different groups would suggest that the investigators are using which technique?

Teen pregnancies are on the rise

Significant changes have taken place in American childbearing patterns in the decades since World War II. Which is NOT one of these changes discussed by the text?

Second shift

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild's writes that employed parents put in a _____________ of unpaid family work that leaves them stressed and drained

Boomerangers

Some adults who live with their parents have never moved out, but others — called _________ — have left home and then returned.

Female

Sometimes the marriage exchange is accompanied by a dowry, a sum of money or property brought to the marriage by the

Families with no children

Studies comparing marriages with and without children consistently report marital happiness to be higher in

having siblings who are experienced with parenting

Studies show that good parenting involves at least four factors. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

wives feel that husbands share fairly in the household work

Study after study shows that marital satisfaction is greater when

Between-group

Suppose a researcher is observing the differences between men and women. This illustrates __________ variation.

household

The US census bureau defines a family as two or more persons related by blood marriage or adoptions who share a

Convergence

The _______ of men's and women's roles reflects a dramatic change since the gender roles of 1950s and before

Authoritarian

The ______________ parents attitude is "I am in charge and set the rules, no matter what"

Permissive

The ______________ parents style is indulgent and often leads to the classic "spoiled child"

True

The arrival of a child is less disruptive when the parents get along well and have a strong commitment to parenting

Structure-functional theory

The conflict perspective is the opposite of the___________; it assumes that not all family behaviors and practices contribute to family well-being.

1890

The expanding economy needed more workers and women were drawn into the labor force in significant numbers beginning around _____

all race/ethnic groups

The importance of the male provider role is a powerful theme in _______.

occupational segregation

The pronounced tendency for men and women to be employed in different types of jobs is termed

Negative personal experiences with siblings from childhood

The proportion of one-child families in America appears to be growing due to at least three factors. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

a rejection of marriage as an institution

The text cites four social factors that may encourage young people today to postpone marriage or not to marry at all. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

men's earning potential has increased relative to women's

The text concludes that much of the increase in singlehood is explained by several factors. Which of the following is NOT one of these

The development of strong social networks

The text indicates that perhaps the most important task for unmarried individuals of both genders is

It is economically practical

The text lists four interrelated characteristics that distinguish individualized marriage. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

Authoritative

The text points out that parenting is probably more satisfying for parents and effective for children when both parents use which parenting style?

Continuum

The text points out that when we think of singlehood as a ___________, we realize that not all singles are socially unattached, disconnected, or isolated

Nuclear

The__________ family consists of husband, wife, and children in one household

Understanding of

Theoretical perspectives or theories can increase our __________ families and family life.

Family decline

Those who view individualized marriage as __________ assert that our culture's unchecked individualism has cause widespread moral weakening and self-indulgence.

Good provider

Traditional men are more likely to take on the _____ model as their husband-father role.

Free-choice

Typically in __________ cultures, a wedding takes place only after a relationship has developed.

Rushed and stressed

Virtually all research suggests that today's typical American family is

Expressive

Warmth, sensitivity, tenderness, and placing concern about others' welfare above self-interest can be classified as __________ character traits.

love and ongoing emotional support

What is the key function of marriage for most Americans?

The death of a spouse

What marks the end of the family life cycle, according to the text?

Surveys

When conducting _________, researchers ask a series of structured or closed ended questions

The assurance that they would be well cared for in their old age

When parents are interviewed, they report a variety of emotional satisfactions from having children. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

regulations, customs, and laws that may cause them problems.

When unmarried partners decide to move in together, there are

Most parents today do not have to worry about caring for their own aging parents

Which of the following is NOT identified in the text as among the features of the social context of child rearing that can make modern parenting difficult?

Sports

Which of the following is NOT one of the five major social institutions as identified by social scientists

permissive-emotional neglect

Which parenting style is characterized by low parental monitoring and low parental warmth?

Permissive-indulgent

Which parenting style is characterized by low parental monitoring but high parental warmth

the need for a tax shelter

Young singles choose to live with their parents for several reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of these reasons?

Polyandry

_______ is a type of polygamy wherein a woman has multiple husbands

Opportunity costs

_________ are things most parents must give up in order to have children

Unpaid family work

________________involves the necessary tasks of attending both to the emotional needs of all family members and to the practical needs of dependent members (such as children or elderly parents), as well as maintaining the family domicile.

Socialization

process by which society influences members to internalize attitudes and expectations is called