Masonic Prep

alpha particles (radiation)

Slightly less than 10% of the objects in cosmic rays are these particles. The emission of these particles is used in ionization smoke detectors. The first artificial nuclear transmutation used these particles to turn nitrogen into oxygen, releasing a proton. Hans Geiger ["GUY"-gur] and Ernest Marsden used these particles to discover atomic nuclei in an experiment overseen by Ernest Rutherford in which these particles collided with gold foil. Name these particles that are equivalent to helium nuclei since they comprise two protons and two neutrons.

laser

Some of these devices use erbium-doped yttrium [IT-tree-um] aluminum garnet to create an output that is easily absorbed by water. That substance is used as a gain medium in an optical cavity in one of these objects that uses pumping to create population inversion. The output of this device is of a single frequency and phase, which makes it coherent. The most common type of this device uses helium and neon to produce a red output. Name this kind of device that uses stimulated emission to create a beam of light

Hinduism Diwali (or deepvali, Divali) Moksha (or vimoksha, viMUKTI)

Some practitioners of this religion call it Sanatama Dharma because they believe it to be eternal 1. Name this religion with about one billion practitioners, most of whom live in India. The Verdas and Upanishads are scriptures of this religion. 2. This holiday in said religion and other eastern religions is the festival of lights. On this holiday, Jains celebrate Mahavira achieving Nirvana. 3. Said religion and Jains often use this term as an alternative to somebody achieving Nirvana. This major goal of said religion is the release from the rebirth cycle.

Billy Elliot (the Musical) "Electricity" Elton John (Reginald Kenneth John)

Spider-Man actor Tom Holland is also famous for having played the title character in this musical. 1. Name this Tony-award winning British musical about a boy who finds that he is a talented ballet dancer in the midst of a 1984 coal miner's strike. 2. In the musical, said title character is asked what if feels like when he dances, and he responds with this song. This song begins "I can't really explain it, I haven't got the words." 3. This 1970s pop star composed the music for said musical, as well as for Aida and some of The Lion King

glue

String musicians sometimes harden their fingertips with a substance of this type that is particularly fast-acting, cyanoacrylate ["SIGH"-uh-noh-AK-rih-"late"]. Another one of these substances comes in two parts—hardener and resin—that the user must mix, and is called epoxy. Yet other versions of this kind of substance are made from plant mucilage [MYOO-sih-luj] or from the hides of animals like horses. Name this type of substance that can be spread on two materials to stick them together

positive numbers

A conic written in general form is a hyperbola if its discriminant is this type of number. The signum [SIG-num] of these numbers equals one. If the second derivative of a function is one of these numbers, then the first derivative is increasing, and the function is concave up. All of the trigonometric functions output these numbers in the first quadrant, and on the unit circle these numbers measure angles generated by counterclockwise rotations. If the discriminant of a quadratic polynomial is one of these numbers, then its graph has two x-intercepts. Give this term for a number greater than 0.

stem cells

A diabetes treatment using these cells is called educator therapy. These cells usually undergo obligatory asymmetric replication, which means that they divide into two distinguishable cells. One of the processes used to create these cells is de-differentiation. Mesenchymal [MEZ-en-KY-mul] cells and muse cells are both of this type. These cells are often collected from amniotic [am-nee-AH-tik] fluid or umbilical cord blood, and their collection from blastocysts ["BLAST-oh-cysts"] to get the embryonic types of these cells has been controversial. Name these cells classified by their potency, such as oligopotent [OH-lih-goh-"potent"] or pluripotent [PLUR-ih-"potent"], which is their ability to differentiate into specialized cells.

hate crime Matt Shepard FBI

A law passed in 2009 to deter this type of crime was the first federal law to give explicit civil rights protections to transgender people. 1. Give this term for a crime motivated by bias against certain types of people. 2. The 2009 law was named for James Byrd Jr., who was murdered by white supremacists, and this gay University of Wyoming student who was brutally murdered in 1998. 3. Said law requires this law enforcement agency to keep statistics on hate crimes. When the bill was passed, this agency was headed by Robert Mueller.

Amelia Earhart

A recent controversy surrounds whether a photograph of this person in the Marshall Islands was taken in 1935 or a few years later. This charter member of the Ninety-Nines wrote the books The Fun of It and 20 Hours 40 Minutes: Our Flight In The Friendship, whose name refers to this person's trip with Wilmer Stultz from Newfoundland [NOO-fun-lund] to Wales in 1928. This person's trip with Fred Noonan from Papua New Guinea to Howland Island in 1937 was not completed, and she was never found. Name the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.

flutes

A solo on this instrument opens Claude Debussy's [deh-BYOO-seez] Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun. This is the only instrument in Debussy's Syrinx. The bansuri [bahn-SUR-ee] is a traditional Indian instrument of this type. Jasmine Choi, Jean-Pierre Rampal, and James Galway are famous performers on this instrument. A magic one of these instruments is given to Tamino [tah-MEE-noh], as mentioned in the title of a Mozart opera. Name this reedless wind instrument that is usually held about parallel to the floor.

sugar or cane sugar or mollasses

A very pure version of this crop, grown in Barbados ["bar-BAY-dose"], is called Plantation Reserve. This crop can be distilled and fermented into a drink called cachaça [kah-SHAH-sah]. This crop is the main source of bagasse [buh-GAS], which also comes from sorghum and grapes, and is burnt after this crop is collected to harness steam energy. British taxes on this crop in 1733 and 1764 were very unpopular in the American colonies. This crop was often grown in the Caribbean and sold to people in New England as part of the triangular trade. Name this crop that comes from a cane plant in the Saccharum [SAK-uh-rum] genus [JEE-nus].`

robots Isaac Asimov Karel Capek

According to one science fiction author, these beings must follow three laws, the first of which is not harming humans. 1. Give this term for human-like machines. The grandmother in Ray Bradbury's "I Sing the Body Electric" is one of these machines. 2. This Russian-American science fiction writer stated the three laws of robotics in his story "Runaround", part of his I, Robot collection. This author also wrote the Foundation series. 3. This Czech author of The War with the Newts introduced the word "robot" in his play R. U. R.

composites

All but three known Sierpiński [ser-PIN-skee] numbers of the first kind are this type of number. By definition, Sierpiński numbers of the second kind generate this type of number. Euclid [YOOK-lid] said that these numbers are "measured" by another number. The first nineteen superabundant numbers are also the first nineteen numbers that are "highly" this type of number, meaning they have more factors than any smaller number. Name these numbers that have factors other than one and themselves, which means that they are not prime.

Saudi Arabia Yom Kippur War (or Ramadan War, October War) Egypt

All of this country's kings since the first one have been sons of that first king. 1. Name this Middle Eastern country, united in 1932, whose King Abdullah died in 2015 and was replaced by King Salman 2. In 1973, the price of oil shot up because said country used OPEC [OH-pek] to organize an embargo against selling oil to countries that supported Israel in this war. 3. For most of the 1980s, said country refused to have diplomatic relations with this country because of its peace deal with Israel.

colorblindness

An anomaloscope [uh-NAHM-uh-loh-"scope"] tests for this condition by asking patients to match a rectangle they control to a fixed rectangle. Variants of this condition known as protanopia [PROH-tuh-NOH-pee-uh] and deuteranopia [DOO-tuh-ruh-NOH-pee-uh] are sex-linked and more common in males. A form of this condition caused by one type of cone being missing is called Daltonism. This condition can be detected using an Ishihara [ish-ee-HAHR-uh] test, which uses plates with dots that form numbers. Name this condition that may lead to total monochromatism [mah-no-KROE-muh-tiz-im] or an inability to distinguish several shades of red and green.

Paradise Lost

At the end of this poem, the two main characters were "hand in hand" and "took their solitary way". This poem states "What in me is dark illumine, what is low raise and support." This poem makes that request so that "I may assert Eternal Providence, And justify the ways of God to men." Some of this poem is set in Pandemonium, which is the capital of Hell. This poem begins "Of man's first disobedience, and the fruit of that forbidden tree". Name this 17th-century English poem whose main characters are Satan, Adam, and Eve that was written by John Milton.

diffraction (wave) interference Joseph von Fraunhofer

Augustin-Jean Fresnel adapted Huygens' principle from explaining refraction to explaining this phenomenon. 1. Name this phenomenon in which a wave bends arounds an obstacle 2. Fresnel combined Huygens' principle with this concept based on wave superposition. This phenomenon can be constructive or destructive. 3. The type of said former phenomenon named after this German scientist occurs when the image is too far away from the obstacle.

carbon

Beta oxidation gets its name because it affects the beta atom of this element in a fatty acid. Atoms of this element are double-bonded in cumulene [KYOOM-yoo-leen], and this element is double-bonded with oxygen in ketones ["KEY-tones"]. A molecule with one atom each of this element and oxygen binds to hemoglobin [HEE-moh-gloh-bin], preventing oxygen from reaching body tissue. An autotroph [AW-toh-trohf] is an organism that does not need to take in this element in an organic form. Name this element that is central in methane molecules and is used throughout organic chemistry.

torque

Cheater bars are used to increase this quantity, and epicyclic [EP-uh-"sigh"-klik] gearing mechanisms are used in objects named for their ability to multiply this quantity. This quantity on a dipole ["DIE-pole"] equals the dipole moment crossed with the electric or magnetic field. Integrating this quantity with respect to angle gives work. In static equilibrium, both force and this quantity must have a net value of zero. This quantity equals both the derivative of angular momentum with respect to time [pause] and the cross product of position with force. When using a wrench, this quantity can be increased by using a longer handle. Name this rotational analog of force.

angles

Conformal and anti-conformal mappings preserve measures of these mathematical constructs; inversion is an example of an anti-conformal mapping. If one of these things in a polygon is of the reflex type, the polygon is concave. One of the geometric problems of antiquity was trisecting this kind of thing. Adding up the measures of the exterior types of these things in a polygon always gives the same sum. One unit for these things is defined as subtending a length of 1 on the unit circle, and is called the radian. Name these figures created by two rays with a common endpoint, some of which can be classified as acute or obtuse.

planar (plane) x = 7 2

Consider the graph in three dimensions of the equation 2x plus 3y plus 6z equals 14. 1. What is the shape of this graph? 2. What is said shape's x-intercept? 3. What is the smallest distance between said shape and the origin?

ellipse 3 20 pi units

Consider the graph in two dimensions of the equation x squared over 25, plus y squared over 16, equals 1 1. What shape is the graph of that equation 2. Find the distance from the center to either focus of the ellipse. 3. Find the area of the ellipse

(American) Civil War

During this war, Henry Hopkins Sibley attempted to establish a supply line, but his troops retreated after the Battle of Glorieta Pass. This war featured three Battles of Winchester, including the defeat of Jubal [JOO-"ball"] Early by Philip Sheridan. After this war, Henry Wirz was executed for war crimes because of conditions at Andersonville Prison. During this war's Peninsula Campaign, there was criticism of the cautiousness of opposing generals Joseph Johnston and George McClellan. Name this war whose sides were led by Generals Robert E. Lee and Ulysses Grant.

exclave Mississippi River New Madrid

Give the following about the Kentucky Bend: 1. It is completely surrounded by Tennessee and Missouri and disconnected from the rest of the state, making it this type of geographic region relative to Kentucky. 2. A meander in this river forms the Kentucky Bend. This river forms Missouri's east border. 3. The Kentucky bend is just south of this Missouri town, which shares its name with a faultline that produced a series of earthquakes in 1811 and 1812 so strong that said river flowed backwards

x = 3 x = -4 x = .5

Given these systems of equations, solve for x. You don't need to find the values of any of the other variables. 1. 3x plus 2y equals 10, and 5x minus 2y equals 14 2. y equals 3x plus 5, and y equals 4x plus 9 3. y equals x squared plus 2x plus 5, and y equals x squared plus 6x plus 3

10th Amendment

Harlan Stone wrote that this amendment "states but a truism" in the United States v. Darby Lumber decision. Lawyers for Aaron Ogden unsuccessfully cited this amendment in an 1824 Supreme Court case against Thomas Gibbons. The 2011 Supreme Court case Bond v. United States upheld the last phrase of this Constitutional Amendment, which is "to the people." This amendment has historically been cited by supporters of states' rights because it addresses "the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution". Name this last amendment in the Bill of Rights.

Herbert Hoover Hawley-Smoot (Tariff Act) Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

He was the only person to serve both as Secretary of Commerce and US President. 1. Name this president who served during the Wall Street Crash of 1929, which started the Great Depression. 2. Said president signed this 1930 protectionist tariff that reduced trade. 3. Said president supported the creation of this agency in 1932 that gave aid to railroads, banks, and corporations. This agency was more active under Franklin Roosevelt and was disbanded under Dwight Eisenhower.

income tax estate tax (federal) unemployment

Identify these sources of federal government revenue. 1. This type of tax on individuals and corporations provides the majority of government revenue. This tax is allowed by the 16th amendment to the Constitution 2. This type of tax, whose opponents call it the "death tax", is paid on very large inheritances. During the 21st century, there has been relatively little revenue from this tax due to increasing exemptions and lowered rates 3. In addition to FICA [FY-kuh] and self-employment taxes, employers pay a payroll tax of about $40 per employee per year into this system.

neutrons

If these particles have less than half of an electron-volt of energy, they are very efficiently absorbed by cadmium-113. On the other hand, californium-252 is commonly used as a source of these particles. This particle is changed into a proton, electron, and electron anti-neutrino in beta-minus decay. Adding one of these particles to uranium or plutonium causes a nuclear chain reaction. Mass number minus atomic number equals the number of these particles in an atom. Name these particles, discovered by James Chadwick, that exist with protons in atomic nuclei.

boats (or, ships, ark before mentioned)

In Norse mythology, one of these things that was built out of fingernails and toenails of the dead is called Naglfar [NAG-ul-"far"], and Balder owns one called Hringhorni ["RING"-hor-nee]. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Utnapishtim [oot-nuh-PISH-tim] built one of these things called The Preserver of Life. Horus and Seth were supposed to each build one of these objects out of stone, but Horus cheated and made his out of wood. Jason traveled on one of these objects, the Argo. Name this type of vehicle exemplified by Noah's ark.

diameters

In Thales' [THAY-leez'] theorem, this type of segment is the hypotenuse of a right triangle. This quantity gives the distance between antipodal [an-TIP-uh-dul] points on a circle or sphere. The perimeter of a semicircle equals the length of this kind of segment times the quantity one plus one-half pi. This kind of segment is the longest possible chord for a circle. It also equals the circumference divided by pi. Name this segment that is twice as big as the radius.

remainder synthetic division 11

In modular arithmetic, only this kind of quantity is considered. 1. Name this type of quantity that is "left over" from the quotient when dividing. 2. Said quantity ends up in the lower right corner in thsi method for dividing polynomials more quickly than long division. No variables are written while performing polynomial division this way 3. Find the remainder when x to the fourth plus 2x cubed, plus 5x squared, plus 3 [pause] is divided by x minus 1

China

In this country the leaders of the Green Forest Rebellion eventually defeated the leaders of the Red Eyebrow Rebellion. This country went through a chaotic period when plots to kill a group called the Ten Attendants, or the Ten Eunuchs [YOO-nuks], backfired during the Yellow Turban Rebellion, which led to this country's Three Kingdoms Era. The 10th century in this country is called the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Name this country where, during the early 15th century, many valuable blue and white vases were produced during the reign of the Ming dynasty.

Things Fall Apart

In this novel, a mother tells her daughter a story about the birds deceiving Tortoise before the daughter joins Chielo [CHEH-loh] in a sacred cave. During a week celebrating Ani [AH-nee], a priest orders the protagonist of this novel to sacrifice a goat and a hen for beating his wife. During a locust swarm, the protagonist of this novel is told that the Oracle has declared his adopted son must die, so he kills that son, Ikemefuna [ih-keh-MAY-foo-nuh], and hangs himself after returning from exile to his village, Umuofia [oo-MOE-fee-yuh]. Name this novel about Okonkwo [oh-"CON"-kwoh] written by Chinua Achebe [chin-OO-ah eh-CHEH-bay].

The Picture of Dorian Gray Oscar Wilde Basil Hallward

In this novel, an actress named Sibyl kills herself, leading her brother James to seek vengeance against someone whom she called "Prince Charming" 1. Name this novel in which a portrait ages rather than a person 2. Said novel is the only novel by this author, who primarily wrote plays. 3. This character painted the portrait that ages instead of said title character.

Atlas Shrugged

In this novel, cigarettes are packaged in plain boxes with a gold dollar symbol. In this novel, Orren Boyle suggests the "anti-dog-eat-dog" rule to cripple the Phoenix-Durango Line. A burning oil well in this novel is named Wyatt Torch, and an Argentine copper billionaire Francisco d'Anconia [dan-KOH-nee-ah] delivers a "money speech". In this novel, a stronger, lighter alternative to steel is developed by Hank Rearden, who joins the mysterious John Galt in a strike against the "moochers" and "looters". Name this novel about the railroad baroness Dagny Taggart, written by Ayn Rand.

Sleepy Hollow

In this town, there is a tree commemorating the capture of Major Andre by three yeomen [YOH-men]. In this town, old Brouwer is thrown into a brook by a skeleton figure. This town's schoolteacher is obsessed with Cotton Mather's book on the history of witchcraft in New England. That teacher is attacked while riding his horse, Gunpowder, after leaving a "quilting frolic" at the farm of the girl he is wooing. This town's prankster Brom Bones wins the hand of Katrina van Tassel after the disappearance of Ichabod [IK-uh-bahd] Crane. Name this town haunted by the Headless Horseman in a "Legend" written by Washington Irving.

Journey to the Center of the Earth Jules Verne Nautilus

Inn this novel, mastodons are found on the coast of the Lidenbrock Sea. 1. Name this early science fiction novel in which Axel and his professor uncle voyage into an Icelandic volcano and find life along the subterranean Hansbach River. 2. This French author wrote this book, as well as other adventure works like Around the World in Eighty Days and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea 3. In Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, Pierre Arronax and Ned Land end up aboard this submarine built by Captain Nemo

outlier box (-and-whisker) plots median

John Tukey used this term to mean values that are under the first quartile by more than 1.5 times the interquartile range, or more than the third quartile by more than 1.5 times the IQR. 1. Give the term that, in general, means a value in a data set that is very different from most of the data. 2. Said objects are often plotted as point on these diagrams showing the five-number summary. 3. Said diagrams often have a segment in the middle to represent this property of the data set. In a large data set, half the data is greater than this value and half of it is less than this value.

saxophone

Lester Young primarily played clarinet and this instrument; he and pianist Bud Powell inspired the character Dale Turner in the movie Round Midnight, who was portrayed by Dexter Gordon, another performer on this instrument. The trumpeter Miles Davis had two people playing this instrument in his sextet, including "Cannonball" Adderley. The other Davis sextet member who played this instrument recorded Giant Steps and A Love Supreme, and was named John Coltrane. Name this reed instrument that is usually made of brass.

simple machines (actual) mechanical advantage wedge

Most lists name six of these objects, though some also include the gear drive and/or the hydraulic press. 1. Give this two-word phrase for a group of mechanical devices, such as pulleys, that redirect forces. 2. This two-word phrase refers to the ratio of output force to input force for said objects. 3. This said object is sometimes used to separate objects. This machine transfers force applied to one side into forces from two other sides.

Elizabeth I

Near the end of this leader's reign, Robert Devereux [dev-uh-roh] was beheaded after the failure of Essex's Rebellion. Before gaining power, this leader was accused of supporting Wyatt's rebellion and imprisoned. When this person gained power, Parliament passed the Acts of Uniformity and Supremacy to strengthen the Church of England. Those laws were reactions against this leader's predecessor and half-sister, Bloody Mary. This queen ruled England for 44 years and ended the Tudor dynasty by not having a child. Name this queen who ruled during the time of William Shakespeare.

reptiles

One animal in this class can entrench itself between rocks by inflating its lungs; that animal is the chuckwalla. These animals' skin is formed from pleated sheets of alpha- and beta-keratin. The first known animal of this class was the Hylonomus ["hi"-LAH-nuh-muss], which lived in the Carboniferous [kar-buh-NIF-uh-russ] period, and the Mesozoic [meh-so-ZOH-ik] era is called the "Age of" these animals. Most of the surviving animals in this class are in the order Squamata [skwah-MAH-tuh]. These animals were the first amniotes [AM-nee-"oats"], meaning that they laid eggs on land before birds. Name these vertebrates with dry and scaly skin, among which are dinosaurs and snakes.

igneous quartz protoliths

Rocks are often divided into three major types based on how they form 1. Bowen's reaction series describes the formation of this type of rock in terms of the crystallization of magma as it cools. 2. The bottom of Bowen's reaction series is this mineral made of silicon dioxide. It is found in said rocks such as granite, as well as in sedimentary rocks like sandstone. 3. Metamorphic rocks are formed by changes from an original rock. That original rock is known by this name.

The Grapes of Wrath

One character in this novel asks for credit to buy sugar with her coffee, which the clerk pays for himself; earlier, that character had threatened an officer with a skillet. This novel's protagonist hides in a cave after retaliating for the murder of Jim. To save 40 dollars, the central family in this novel does not report Granpa's death in Ivy and Sairy Wilson's tent. Rose of Sharon has a stillborn child in this novel, and the central family picks peaches and cotton after arriving in California. Name this novel by John Steinbeck about Tom Joad's family's migration during the Dust Bowl.

The Three Musketeers

One character in this novel is offended when he is given a lady's handkerchief that he had been standing on. The central character of this novel pursues a "man from Meung" who turns out to be the Comte de Rochefort [kawmt duh rohsh-for]. After noticing a fleur-de-lis [floor duh lee] branded on her shoulder, that central character escapes from Milady [mih-lay-dee] de Winter, and he avoids a sequence of three duels when he and his combatants are attacked by the guards of Cardinal Richelieu [reesh-el-yoo]. Name this Alexander Dumas [doo-mah] novel in which d'Artagnan [dar-tan-yahn] joins the swordsmen Athos, Porthos, and Aramis, who repeat "All for one and one for all"

speed of light (c) Albert Michelson Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox (or EPR paradox)

One of the postulates of special relativity states that this value is the same for all observers 1. Identify this constant equal to about 3 times 10 to the 8th meters per second 2. This cientist died in 1931 while working with Francis Pease and Fred Pearson to improve measurements of said quantity. He earlier failed to observe the ether with Edward Morley. 3. This paradox led to the discovery that information can travel faster than said quantity via quantum entanglement

Langston Hughes

One poem by this author tells the title concept "You are the best friend / I ever had" and is titled "Good Morning Revolution". Another work by this poet includes the parenthetical remark "America never was America to me." This author of "Let America Be America Again" wrote of bathing in the Euphrates ["you-FRAY-tees"] and building a hut on the Congo in a work that states "My soul has grown deep": "The Negro Speaks of Rivers". This poet considers festering, crusting over, exploding, and drying up "like a raisin in the sun" as possible fates for a "dream deferred". Name this Harlem Renaissance poet.

walls Robert Frost "Out, Out--"

One poem claims that "something there is that doesn't love" one of these things. 1. Name this type of object that is repaired in the spring by two neighbors, one of whom claims that "Good fences make good neighbors", in a poem titled for "Mending" one of these things. 2. This American published Mending said object in his collection North of Boston. His other collection Mountain Interval, a boy dies after a buzz-saw accident when his sister calls him to supper.

lead

Precious metals are separated from this metal using zinc in the Parkes process. Peukert's [POY-kurt's] law describes the efficiency of batteries that use this element and an acid. Traditionally, this element was a fundamental part of flint glass, though it is used less often now. Glass with this element in it is sometimes used to watch X-ray imaging, and patients often protect themselves wearing aprons that incorporate this element. Childhood exposure to this element is linked to violent behavior and lower IQs. Name this element whose use in old pipes inspired its Latin name, "plumbum".

y = 50 k = 5 w = 72

Suppose y is directly proportional to x, and when x equals 4, [pause] y equals 20 1. What is the value of y if x equals 10? 2. What is the constant of variation in this situation? That is, what is the value of the constant k in the equation "y equals kx"? 3. In another situation, w is directly proportional to p and inversely proportional to z. If w equals 12 when p equals 4 and z equals 3, then what is the value of w when p equals 8 and z equals 1?

latin

The "Hiberno-" form of this language originated in Ireland and was rarely spoken. In this language, the word "nefas" [NAY-fahs] means "sinful act" and is unusual because it is unchanged by declensions. This language uses the suffix -arum [spell it out] for the singular accusative and plural genitive first declension. The "Vulgar" variety of this language is the ancestor of Romanian, Portuguese, and other languages. The abbreviations "e.g." and "i.e." stand for phrases in this language. Name this mostly-dead language from which French and Spanish are also descended, and which was spoken in ancient Rome.

Hastings William I (or Conquerer) Harald Hardrada

The Bayeux ["by-you"] Tapestry depicts the death of Harold Godwinson during this battle. 1. Name this 1066 battle, a major part of the Norman conquest of England. 2. Shortly after said battle, this person was crowned as king of England. 3. Just before said battle, this King of Norway invaded England but was killed at the Battle of Stamford Bridge.

USS Maine Spanish-American War Guam

The Del Peral and De Salas inquiry and the Sampson Board's Court of Inquiry reached different conclusions about this ship's explosion 1. Name this ship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898 2. The explosion of the Maine led to this war fought in the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean 3. During the Spanish-American War, Henry Glass captured this island without a fight.

four

The Klein group with this many elements is the smallest non-cyclic group. This is the highest degree for which all polynomials can be solved exactly in terms of radicals, according to the Abel-Ruffini [AH-bul roo-FEE-nee] theorem. The Platonic solid with the fewest vertices and faces has this many vertices and faces, and is called the tetrahedron. Two intersecting lines divide the plane into this many different regions. Give this number that is the smallest positive even square, and the smallest composite number

axe

The Mayan god Chaac [chahk] used these objects made from jade to produce thunder and rain. In Chinese myth, Pangu [pan-goo] used one of these objects to separate yin and yang. Hephaestus used one of these objects to help Athena be born from Zeus' head. According to American legend, one of these objects was dragged to create the Grand Canyon. In the same legend, Babe the Blue Ox is the same height as 42 of the handles of these objects. Name this object that was carried by Paul Bunyan, who was a lumberjack.

tongue

The chorda tympani [KOR-duh tim-PAN-ee] nerve carries signals from this organ to the brain. A condition known as ankyloglossia [ayn-kih-lho-GLAW-see-uh] can limit the genioglossus [JEE-nee-oh-GLAW-suss] muscle, which in turn limits this organ's movement. Blood is supplied to this organ by a branch of the carotid artery called the lingual artery. Papillae [puh-PILL-ee] cover this organ, giving it a rough appearance. Muscles in this organ facilitate speech and swallowing. Name this organ that is covered in taste buds.

boiling point molality Raoult's law

The elevation of this quantity is a colligative property. 1. Name this temperature at which a liquid turns into a vapor. 2. Formulas for said temperature often use this measure of concentration, equal to amount of solute divided by the mass of solute 3. Said temperature can be explained by this law stating that effective partial pressures are proportional to the mole fraction of a component. This law is combined with Dalton's law of partial pressures to find total vapor pressure.

galaxies

The formation and evolution of these things is a major subject of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey. The largest known structures of the universe are known as filaments of these things. In space, places where none of these things exist are called voids. The Hubble Sequence is a method of classifying these things using the symbols "E", "S", and "SB". A quasar is an active one of these things in its early stages of formation. The one of these things that we live in is about 100,000 light-years across. Name these collections of stars such as the Andromeda and the Milky Way.

square root 5 root 3 10 root 2

The graph of this function is half of a parabola that opens rightward. 1. Name this function that is equivalent to raising a number to the one-half power. 2. Put the square root of 75 in simplified radical form 3. Put 20 divided by root 2 in simplified radical form

Alabama

The land for this state's early Wright Flying School became Maxwell Air Force base. The Army Materiel [muh-teer-ee-EL] Command center is headquartered in this state's Redstone Arsenal, which is also home to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. This state's metal production caused one of its cities to be nicknamed "the Pittsburgh of the South" and the annual football game between its two largest universities to be called the Iron Bowl. This state's namesake river flows through Selma before emptying into the Gulf of Mexico at Mobile [MOH-bul]. Name this American state whose most populous city is Birmingham.

The Tempest

The main character of this play tells his daughter "Here cease more questions: Thou art inclined to sleep." This play continues when that character's servant enters and states "All hail, great master!" and reports that Ferdinand said "Hell is empty and all the devils are here." Before the events of this play, that servant had been trapped in a tree by the witch Sycorax ["SICK-or-axe"], who is the mother of Caliban [KAL-ih-ban]. In this play, Ferdinand, who is the Prince of Naples, falls in love with Miranda, who is Prospero's daughter. Identify this William Shakespeare play in which Ariel causes the title storm

Pascal's Triangle Sierpiński 20

This diagram of numbers gives all the possible values of binomial combinations. 1. Name this diagram that has diagonal lines of ones on both sides. In the interior, each number equals the sum of the two numbers above it. 2. This fractal can be formed by shading in the odd numbers in an infinite version of said diagram 3. One of the rows of Pascal's triangle begins 1, 6, 15. Find the next number in that row, which is in the middle of the row.

Typee (: A Peep at Polynesian Life) (sperm) whale Herman Melville

The narrator of this novel falls in love with Fayaway 1. Identify this novel, based on the author's experience in the Marquesas Islands, in which the narrator and Toby find themselves among cannibalistic natives at war with the Happars 2. Tommo and Toby find themselves among said people after a failed hunt for one of these animals. In another novel, one of these animals is sought by Ishmael and Ahab aboard the Pequod 3. Both of these novels, said novel and Moby-Dick, were written by this author.

springs simple harmonic oscillators (or motion, oscillation, SHO, or SHM) driven

The potential energy stored in one of these objects equals 1/2 times its stiffness constant times the square of its displacement from equilibrium. 1. Name this type of object that can be stretched and compressed, and is often used to demonstrate Hooke's law. 2. This three-word phrase is used to describe objects, like said stretchable object, in which the restoring force toward equilibrium is directly proportional to the displacement from equilibrium 3. This adjective describes said phrase impacted by an outside force, which is often used to overcome damping.

The Handmaid's Tale Margaret Atwood daughter/child

The protagonist of this novel sings "Amazing Grace" and "Heartbreak Hotel" to herself because these songs were outlawed. 1. Identify this novel about Offred. It is set in the Republic of Gilead. 2. This Canadian author wrote said novel. 3. Serena Joy, the wife of the Commander, shows Offred a picture of this person, whom Offred had last seen in a grocery store.

parabola

The sum of powers of one-fourth is used to find the area inside this shape in an Archimedes [ar-kuh-MEE-dees] book about The Quadrature of this shape. This shape is generated in polar coordinates by graphing r equals a number divided by the quantity 1 plus the cosine theta. Parallel rays entering this shape all reflect to the same point, which is why three-dimensional versions of it are used as microphones or satellite dishes. This shape is generated by slicing a cone parallel to the slant surface. Name this shape generated by the equation y equals x squared.

Nighthawks Edward Hopper Banksy

The top of this painting shows an advertisement for five-cent Phillies cigars. 1. Name this painting that shows a man in white working at a diner counter with three people sitting around it. 2. This artist painted said painting. 3. This artist made an alternative version of said painting in which the diner has a broken window, and there is a man outside the diner with British flag underpants.

lake

These geographic things can have layers called the hypolimnion ["hi"-poh-LIM-nee-ahn] and epilimnion [EP-ih-LIM-nee-ahn] which sometimes mix, allowing oxygen to spread. Gases such as carbon dioxide may suddenly release from solution in these things, a phenomenon called limnic eruption. Some of these things are named for resembling fingers and often have moraine sediment at one end. A meandering river diverting into a new riverbed creates a 'U'-shaped type of this feature called an oxbow. Name these bodies of water which are surrounded by land and larger than ponds.

comets Oort Cloud Deep Impact

These objects are called "short-period" if they orbit in less than 200 years, or "long-period" if they take more. 1. Name this type of object in space. Edmond Halley made calculations related to one of them. 2. Scientists believe that long-period 1's originate in this region named for a Dutch scientist. 3. This NASA spacecraft blasted a carter on the comet Tempel 1 in 2005 to study its ejecta.

bacteria nitrogen facultative (aerobes/anaerobes)

These organisms are classified as Monera in the five-kingdom system and their own domain in the three-domain system. 1. Name these organisms that are often shaped like rods, spheres, or spirals. 2. The root systems of many legumes contain Rhizobia of said organisms, which help the legumes by combining this atmospheric gas with hydrogen. 3. While some bacteria are obligate aerobes or obligate anaerobes, others fit into this classification because they use aerobic respiration if oxygen is present and anaerobic respiration if oxygen is not.

(three) Magi

These people are depicted leading 22 virgins in a mosaic in the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo [sahnt ah-poh-lee-NAR-ay noo-OH-voh] in Ravenna, Italy. These people are also the subject of a tondo credited to both Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi. Sandro Botticelli [boh-tee-CHEL-lee] depicted deceased members of the Medici [MEH-dee-chee] family as these people. While early depictions of these people make them look Persian, in other depictions Caspar looks Asian, Melchior [MEL-kee-or] looks European, and Balthasar looks African. Name these three biblical characters often depicted at the feet of Baby Jesus bearing presents.

(Simon) Peter Garden of Gethsemane silver and gold

This apostle, who was originally named Simon, cried after denying Jesus three times. 1. Name this person who, along with his brother Andrew, was made a "fisher of men". Catholics consider him to be the first Pope. 2. Said apostle was one of the three apostles who slept when Jesus went through the agony in this garden at the foot of the Mount of Olives. 3. In the Book of Acts, said apostle heals a lame man. What two things does Peter say he does not have just before healing the man?

Thomas Luck (accept either) The Outcasts of Poker Flat Bret Harte

This boy's birth was celebrated with pistol shots after the suggestion of exploding a barrel of gunpowder as deemed insensitive to the mother. 1. Identify this orphan son of Cherokee Sal who was cared for by Stumpy. Kentuck, who started bathing and washing his clothes to spend time with this boy, died with him in a flood. 2. In this other short story by the same author, John Oakhurst uses a 2 of clubs to mark his own dead body. He had encountered a "streak of bad luck" in being snowed in with Mother Shipton, Piney Woods, and The Innocent. 3. Who wrote said short story and the story from part 1, "The Luck of Roaring Camp"?

estrogen ovaries granulosa

This class of hormones amplifies the effects of progesterone. 1. Name this prominent class of female steroid sex hormones that includes estradiol. 2. In women, this is the primary permanent organ that produces said hormones. The adrenal glands also produce said hormones. 3. Said hormone production takes place in these somatic cells in said organ also known as follicular cells.

Ravel

This composer's Piano Concerto ["con-CHAIR-toe"] in G major was premiered by Marguerite Long and opens with a whip crack. This composer's other piano concerto, which has a contrabassoon solo, was commissioned by Paul Wittgenstein [VIT-gun-shtyn], who lost his right arm in World War I. Another piece by this composer begins with a snare drum and adds flutes and then clarinets as it builds to eventually include the entire orchestra. Name this early-20th-century French composer who wrote Boléro.

The Netherlands

This country gave more power to an elected House of Representatives in the Constitutional Reform of 1848 overseen by J. R. Thorbecke. In 1840, William I abdicated this country's throne after losing control of Belgium. The ruler of this country also ruled Luxembourg until this country was headed by a queen in 1890, which broke Luxembourg's laws. In 1945, the International Court of Justice was established in this country at The Hague [hayg]. Name this country that was taken over by the Nazis in the Rotterdam Blitz.

Israel Negev Desert Gaza Strip

This country's newest seawater desalination plant will be in the city of Ashdod. 1. Name this country between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea. Its National Water Carrier brings fresh water from its Golan Heights to population centers like Tel Aviv. 2. This desert comprises the Southern half of said country, stretching from Beersheba in the north to Eilat on the Gulf of Aqaba. 3. This narrow "strip" of land separates said desert from the Mediterranean Sea. it is a self-governing Palestinian territory.

centrifuge uranium Theodor Svedberg

This device is named for a fictitious force. 1. Name this device that separates mixtures by spinning rapidly. 2. Gas versions of said device are commonly used to separate the 235 and 238 isotopes of this element, which is why arms treaties sometimes control the number of centrifuges 3. This Swedish Nobelist developed the ultra-said device, which is exactly what it sounds like. A very short unit of time named for him is used to measure sedimentation rates and to classify ribosomes

bombing of Hiroshima (first atomic bomb attack, Little Boy, accept all equivalents)

This event took place one week after the USS Indianapolis was sunk after making a delivery to Tinian [TIN-ee-un]. Robert Lewis took notes during this event and reportedly screamed "Look at that!". A famous description of this event was written by John Hersey. This event happened eleven days after the Potsdam Declaration threatened "prompt and utter destruction". This act was carried out by Paul Tibbets, the pilot of the Enola Gay. Name this event that took place August 6, 1945 that was followed three days later by a similar event in Nagasaki.

Fallingwater Frank Lloyd Wright Wingspread

This house was pictured on the cover of Time magazine in January 1938. 1. Name this house in southwestern Pennsylvania. Edgar Kaufmann commissioned it. 2. This Prairie-school architect designed said house. He started his career in Oak Park, Illinois, where he designed the Unity Temple. 3. Said architect designed this house for Herbert F. Johnson on Wind Point peninsula near Racine, Wisconsin. This building is now a conference center.

Tasmania

This island was the home of the extinct tiger-striped thylacine ["THIGH"-luh-seen]. A sequence of rounded columns called the Organ Pipes are on this island's Mount Wellington, which overlooks the mouth of the River Derwent. This island's northwest corner, Cape Grim, is the site of an 1828 clash between natives and the Van Diemen [DEE-mun] Land Company. A facial tumor disease is affecting a species of carnivorous rodents endemic to this island. The Bass Strait separates this island from Melbourne. Name this Australian state whose capital is Hobart and which is home to a namesake species of rodents called "devils".

O'Henry (or William Sidney Porter) kidnapping loitering

This man introduced a character called "the Cisco Kid" in his story "The Caballero's Way" 1. Identify this author. Jim and Della give each other ironic presents of combs and a watch fob in another of his stories "The Gift of the Magi" 2. In another story by said author, Bill and Sam commit this crime to earn money from Ebenezer Dorset but ended up losing 250 dollars instead. The victim of this crime called himself "Red Chief". 3. In said author's "The Cop and the Anthem", Soapy tries to get arrested through theft, vandalism, and soliciting prostitution, but is jailed for this crime instead.

credit score (accept FICO credit score)

This measure was first developed by Fair, Isaac, and Company in the 1980s. This measure may be lowered by "hard pulls" of a related report, but is unaffected by "soft pulls". This measure is also affected by how long accounts have been open and by people's debt ratios. This measure is always between 300 and 850 and is included on reports offered by TransUnion, Experian, and Equifax. Name this measure of how likely a person is to pay debts.

Deimos Iapetus Neptune

This moon has craters named for Voltaire and Jonathan Swift. 1. Name this moon of Mars that is smaller and more distant than Phobos. 2. This most-distant major moon of Saturn is known for its distinctive equatorial ridge and two-tone coloring. It is Saturn's third-largest moon. 3. Nereid is the outermost major moon of this planet. This planet's largest moon by far is Triton.

Les Misérables Javert Cosette

This novel's main character becomes mayor while he is using the name "Monsieur Madeleine" 1. Name this novel about a character who spend 19 years in jail for stealing bread: Jean Valjean 2. This police officer pursues Valjean for much of the novel. This character also arrested Fantine 3. This daughter of Fantine works for the Thênardiers until Valjean liberates her. She ultimately marries Marius Pontmercy.

Hillary Clinton

This person replaced Daniel Patrick Moynihan in the U.S. Senate by defeating Rick Lazio [LAH-zee-oh]. Before that, when this person's Task Force on National Health Care Reform was unsuccessful, this person worked with Congress to pass the State Children's Health Insurance Program. This person pushed for a NATO-led military intervention in Libya while serving as Secretary of State. Name this former First Lady of Arkansas and the U.S., who lost the Democratic presidential nomination to Barack Obama in 2008 and also lost the 2016 general election.

The Rose Tattoo A Streetcar Named Desire Tennessee Williams

This play's protagonist sees its title object as a sign that she is pregnant. 1. Name this play in which Serafina loses her husband Rosario. Serafina's daughter dates a sailor named Jack and ends up leaving for New Orleans after being attacked by Alvaro. 2. In this other play by the same author, Stanley Kowalski attacks his sister-in-law, Blanche DuBois, who had "always depended on the kindness of strangers." 3. This playwright both aforementioned plays.

Walt Whitman grass multitudes

This poet claimed to "sound [his] barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world." 1. Name this American poet who wrote "Song of Myself" and "O Captain! My Captain!" 2. In "Song of Myself", the writer ponders a child questioning "what is" this substance before deciding it is the "beautiful uncut hair of graves". In a Carl Sandburg poem, this substance states "I cover all" 3. In the second-to-last section of "Song of Myself", said author acknowledges his self-contradictions, stating "I am large. I contain " this word

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

This president's criticism of currency stabilization during his first year in office prevented any agreements at the London Economic Conference despite the efforts of Secretary of State Cordell Hull. Long before President Nixon took the final step, this president took the United States off the gold standard. The Banking Act establishing the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the National Industry Recovery Act were signed at the end of this president's Hundred Days to help the U.S. get out of the Great Depression. Name this president whose domestic policy was the New Deal

y-intercept y = 10 x = -4

This property of a function's graph can be found by substituting x equals 0 into the function's formula, assuming you have the formula. 1. Name this quantity that is represented by the b when a line's equation is in the form "y equals mx plus b" 2. Find said quantity of the graph of the equation 5x plus 2y equals 20 3. Rather than finding said quantity, find the x-intercept of the graph of the equation y equals x squared plus 8x plus 16

commutative property abelian symmetric property

This property states that changing the order of the operands does not change the result. 1. Name this property that, in the context of addition, means that x plus y always equals y plus x, no matter what x and y are. 2. If a group - which is a type of algebraic structure - fits said property, then it is known by this adjective derived from the name of a Norwegian mathematician. 3. A property similar to said property, but for relations, is known by this term. For equality, this property states that if x equals y, then y equals x

time

This quantity is not mass, but Einstein related it to energy in his thought experiment about a box. This quantity can be paired with energy in Heisenberg's uncertainty principle even though it doesn't have an operator. In special relativity theory, this quantity is multiplied by the Lorentz factor, which represents the dilation of this quantity. Velocity is the derivative of position with respect to this quantity, so average velocity is the change in position divided by the change in this quantity. Name this quantity that, in Minkowski space, comprises the fourth dimension.

Michelangelo

This sculptor's depictions of Saints Petronius and Proclus [PROH-kluss] are at the Arca di San Domenico [doh-MEH-nee-koh] in Bologna [boh-LOHN-yah]. This sculptor showed the baby Jesus almost ready to take a step away from Mary, who is holding his hand, for a sculpture now located at Church of Our Lady in Bruges [broozh], Belgium. This person's work for the tomb of Pope Julius II shows Moses with horns on his head. This artist's work on display at the Galleria dell'Accademia [gahl-lair-EE-ah del-ah-kah-DAY-mee-ah] in Florence shows David holding his slingshot over his shoulder. Name this High Renaissance artist who painted the ceiling of the Sistine [SIS-teen] Chapel.

Fibonacci (sequence)

This sequence is complete even if one of its elements is deleted, but not if two are deleted. These numbers generate a tiling in which squares are added repeatedly to form larger rectangles. The spiral named for these numbers can either be an approximation of the golden spiral or the actual golden spiral. Ratios of these numbers get successively closer to the golden ratio. Name these numbers generated by starting with 1 and 1, then generating each number by adding the prior two numbers, thus producing the sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, and so on.

Sigmund Freud

This thinker proposed that men were "prosthetic Gods" and that children had an "oceanic feeling" in one of his books. Another of this writer's books developed Sabina Spielrein's [SPEEL-"rain's"] concept of thanatos [THAN-uh-tohss] as the death drive, contrasting with eros ["AIR"-ohss], or sexual drive. One case study published by this thinker told of Little Hans, who was afraid of horses, which this thinker connected to his theory of the Oedipus [ED-uh-pus] id, ego, and superego. Name this originator of psychoanalysis.

Walden (or, Life in the Woods)

This work's narrator compares the sound of a train to the scream of a hawk and calls the train a "traveling demigod, this cloud-compeller." The slave Cato Ingraham is a neighbor of this book's narrator, who is visited by the poet William Ellery Channing. The narrator works barefoot while weeding his bean-field, and he spends 28 dollars and 12 and a half cents to build a house on a plot of land described in the section "Where I Lived, and What I Lived For". The narrator of this book "went to the woods...to live deliberately". This nonfiction book is set near Concord, Massachusetts. Name this memoir about life on a pond by Henry David Thoreau [thuh-ROH].

Afghanistan

When Amanullah [am-ah-NOO-lah] Khan fled this country, he left his brother in charge, but the brother quit after three days, saying he never wanted to be king. After ruling this country for 40 years, Mohammed Zahir Shah was overthrown by his cousin. At the end of 1979, the Soviet Union put Babrak Karmal in charge of this country at the beginning of an invasion that caused the United States to boycott the Olympics. The United States invaded this country in Operation Enduring Freedom about a month after 9/11. Name this country where Hamid Karzai took over when the Taliban was driven back.

Jonathan Swift

When this person criticized copper coins minted by William Wood, he used the pseudonym "Drapier" [DRAY-peer]. An essay by this writer begins by complaining about "beggars of the female sex" and ends with the disclaimer "I have no children by which I can propose to get a single penny." In a novel by this author, the protagonist is caught in a storm while on the Antelope, and soon after that wakes up tied to the ground and surrounded by little people. Name this satirist who wrote A Modest Proposal and described Lilliput in Gulliver's Travels

Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad Russian

With reference to colonialism, this novella states that "All Europe contributed to the making of Kurtz." 1. Name this story in which Kurtz is an ivory trader who horribly mistreats Africans. 2. This author of The Secret Sharer wrote said book. 3. Kurtz is supported by a trader of this nationality. The trader of this nationality says "I heard he was lying helpless, and so I came up - took my chance"