Mass Comm Unit 1 Test Review

What is media grammar?

A way we use symbols and design to make a standard for each medium.

What is the term to describe media we consume anywhere at any time?

Asynchronous media

How did the telephone impact communication?

Changed communication from weeks to instant conversation with voice

What is citizen journalism and its effects on society?

Citizen journalism hasn't been research or verified like professional journalism so it can easily spread false or misinformation

How have media audiences changed?

Citizen journalism was born. We used to be passive and soak up info like a sponge but citizen journalism was born so we look for info ourselves and choose what we want to cover and believe.

What is gatekeeping bias?

Controlling the information that goes in and out of your media organization. Editors And journalists were the gatekeepers, but now we are our own gatekeepers.

What was the outcome of the NYT vs. Sullivan case?

Court ruled public figures cannot sue for libel unless there is proof of actual malice. The standard for proving actual malice was created.

How have streaming services changed the media environment?

Created a 24/7 media cycle where we can watch what we want when we want to. This creates filter bubbles if we choose media like this bc we choose what we want to see and not what we don't

What is cultural convergence?

Cultures mixing. Pros: We can better relate to others bc we are opened to new cultures, ideas, customs, and beliefs. Cons: losing our diversity and cultural appropriation

What ethical theory focuses on communication and understanding all viewpoints?

Discourse ethics

What is the ESCAPE method in terms of identifying fake news?

Evidence, source, content, audience, purpose, execution :helps you decide if it is true or false

How do you verify that an online article is accurate/real?

Fact check evidence, check sources, know the targeted audience and purpose, check language and style

What is placement bias?

How you place the pros and cons in the article

What is media literacy?

Identifying different forms of media and understanding the messages being sent. It's important because it requires us to think critically which creates smart consumers. People with high media literacy leads to an increase in media quality because these people think critically and require more realistic messages from a higher quality.

What is the two-way communication model?

Interpersonal communication: Sender sends info thru a form of media and receiver gives feedback

What is media bias?

Leaning to one side or the other and how we spread it. Our personal biases and the medias bias

What was the effect of the children's television act of 1990?

Limited the time ads were in kid programs & required tv programs to have some sort of educational value

What is traditional media?

Media such as newspapers, radios, direct mail, and broadcasts

What is the Hayes Code?

Our very first rating system for movies: couldn't encourage the audience to participate in crime, violence, or immoral things, movies should present the correct standards of life, no movie could ridicule natural or human law

What is actual malice in regards to libel cases?

People have a reckless disregard for the truth. The average person should know that its false but they published it anyway.

How have phones changed over the years?

Phones changed how we communicated as a society. Changed it from taking a few weeks to instant communication.

What type of stories would fall under the surveillance function of the media?

Someone who watches mainly for bad news, affairs, and natural disasters. The functions are: surveillance, correlation, cultural transmission, entertainment

What is slander?

Spoken defamation of character.

What was the Hazelwood vs. Kuhlmeier case?

Students wanted to publish controversial topics (divorce and teen pregnancy) in the school paper funded by the district. Principle cut the articles without informing anyone. Court ruled it okay for high school newspapers to be censored, but this only applies to high schools.

What is the term to describe media that we consume at the same place at the same time?

Synchronous media. This is traditional media such as newspapers and nightly broadcasts

What are the functions of media?

TIPSE: teach, inform, persuade, sell, entertain

What was the first PG-13 movie?

The Flamingo Kid

What were the pentagon papers and the legal issue involved?

The case was focused on prior restraint. Ellsberg found Gov. misconduct and wanted to share with the public in the Pentagon Papers. The president claimed it presented a national threat to publish the information. Court ruled Gov. must prove the material poses a clear and present threat to national security.

What are two ethical questions you can ask yourself?

The cereal test, the other shoe test, front cover test, mirror test, the mother test, the role-model test

What is the hypodermic needle theory?

The media feeding you what they want you to know, like theyr'e injecting information into you and you don't have critical thinking

Why is the media called the "watchdog of society"?

The media is an extra checks and balances system. They watch what happens and alert us by reporting when something wrong occurs. Known as the unofficial fourth branch or fourth estate.

In broadcasting, what is "Safe harbor" known as?

Time schedule you broadcast content appropriate for everyone. 6am -10pm

What is media's role in society?

To report, define cultural, spread cultural, and start conversations

What is the golden mean?

Virtue based ethics where you take the average between two extremes

What is the Golden Rule?

Virtue based ethics where you treat everyone fairly

What ethical theory places value on honesty and integrity?

Virtue, moral or character ethics

What is "convergence"?

When media started blending together. Eg: Print, photos, video, visual elements, graphics, all mixed with traditional media

What is prior restraint?

When the Gov. tries to stop you from publishing your content. Ellsberg found Gov. misconduct and wanted to share with the public thru the Pentagon Papers. Gov. said this would limit the president's ability to guard national security. Court ruled Gov. must prove the material poses a clear and present threat to national security.

What is libel?

Written defamation of character. It doesn't have to be published, only has to be sent to more than one person.

What is duties-based ethics?

You make decisions based on your career standards instead of personal beliefs

What does bias by omission mean?

You're clearly slanting it one side when you choose to remove details from one side

What are 3 types of fake news?

satirical, political, racist/sexist, sensational/outrageous, celebrity fake news, fear creating, selling, pranks, conspiracies/myths