Mass Media Midterm
The first "penny papers":
Favored human-interest stories
A media ____________ will examine a media product with an open mind, and think about the messages, where they originated, etc.
critic
The term "agenda-setting theory" refers to the media's ability to force individuals to change their opinion on controversial issues.
false
The "critical process" consists of describing, analyzing, interpreting, evaluating, and engaging with mass media:
true
The mass media are the industries that create and distribute television shows, movies, magazines, Internet services, etc., to large numbers of people.
true
Which of the following is NOT a media organization?
Fred Meyer grocery store
According to the opening of Chapter 14 (Economics), these two companies "exemplify the kinds of Internet-driven mass media companies of the post-digital turn":
Google and Youtube
Which of the trends that contributed to the rise of modern media research measured the behavior, attitudes, and cognition of individuals?
Social Psychology Studies
Which media effect theory proposes that those who believe that their views on controversial issues are in the minority and will keep these views to themselves?:
Spiral of Silence
Media companies want to spur growth through ____________--the promotion and sale of different versions of a media product across a media conglomerate's various subsidiaries:
Synergy
Briefly explain the Big Mac Theory as it pertains to the media (Module 2 Lesson)
The Big Mac theory is bring out sort of a comparison between fine dining and fast food as well as high culture media and cheap lower quality media. Just like fast food is cheap and easily accessible, pop culture has allowed media to be mass produced which takes away from its quality and appreciation.
"Yellow journalism" is:
A journalism trend in the late 1800s that emphasized human-interest stories, large headlines, crime news, and easy-to-digest copy.
From the Module Lesson: Based on the Sree Sreenivisan video, explain the difference between a Digital Native and a Digital Immigrant:
According to Sree Sreenivisan, Digital Natives are born into the world of modern communication and social media which leads them to embrace new technology. Digital Immigrants are those who were born before the development of complex technologies and they understand the potential as well as the dangers of technology. Natives tend to just take things for granted while immigrants need context and understanding.
As mentioned in Chapter 3, why has it become easier than ever for average people to participate in "citizen journalism" in the 21 century?
According to page 89 of the textbook "social media and smartphones have made it easier than ever for average people to engage in citizen journalism, since anyone can take photos or record video if something newsworthy happens nearby."
According to the Media Literacy Case Study on pages 422-423 (Chapter 14), what is the "key to Netflix's success"?
According to the Media Literacy Case Study, on page 422 the text states that "the key to Netflix's success has been providing excellent content and a superior user experience (easy access, reasonable price) that is being continuously improved." Netflix was able to do this by releasing their own original shows and series which brought together a large audience and threatened other streaming services.
From the Module lesson, explain Moore's Law:
According to the Module, Moore's Law explains that computer chips double processing at least once a year which means technology is continuing to get smaller, better, and cheaper.
As stated in The Digital Turn Case Study on page 13 (Chapter 1), what was the conclusion of the study conducted by social psychologists Ed Diener and Robert Biswas-Diener?
According to the textbook, the study conducted by social psychologists Ed Diener and Robert Biswas-Diener concluded that people's frequent use of media shows that people desire to build connections. In addition, the psychologists claim that we need relationships that are close because they lead to more satisfaction and happiness.
Which of the following is NOT one of the traditional criteria used to determine if information is "newsworthy"?
Adherence to social norms
Media Economics: America has been accused of "cultural imperialism" because:
American styles in fashion, food, and media fare dominate the global market
From the The Digital Turn Case Study on page 92 (Chapter 3): According to the 2018 report from Reporters Sans Frontieres, where do some attacks on journalists arise from?
As mentioned in the textbook, some of the attacks on journalists arise from international state-sponsored systems of intimidation and there are authoritarian states that have created programs with fake social media accounts in order to share posts for their own reasons.
For the most part, which of the following would NOT be considered "high" culture (chapter 1):
Avengers: Endgame from Marvel Studios
TV viewers who perceive the world in ways consistent with television portrayals provide evidence for which theory of media effects?
Cultivation Effect Theory
Briefly describe how Disney epitomizes the "synergistic possibilities" of media consolidation. (Capturing Synergies, Media Economics):
Disney is able to epitomize the synergistic possibilities of media consolidation by promoting different versions of the media products to earn a large profit from the same media creation. For example, Disney can release a movie in theatres and later in DVD format, publish a book version of the same story, produce toys of the characters in the movie, and present the characters as attractions in their theme park. This way Disney generates much more money than just having the original movie shown in theatres.
Briefly explain the concept of "hegemony" as it pertains to media organizations.
Hegemony occurs when a dominant and powerful group influences society to accept values presented by these dominant groups. Media organizations are able to convey messages through their products that change the way people view common sense and change the way people view the world. These messages define the culture's main values and society begins to align themselves according to those values without even realizing it.
From the Media Literacy Case Study on pages 450-451 (Chapter 15 - "Does Art Imitate Life or Life Imitate Art?"): Name at least one argument that mental health advocate Mark Henick presented.
Mental health advocate Mark Henick claims that TV programs have a problematic portrayal of suicide by simplifying it, romanticizing it, and showing it as an option rather than seeking support.
As mentioned in the Module 4 Lesson, some newspapers can survive by focusing on the "hyperlocal." What does this mean?
Newspapers with hyperlocal focus share information about the community and local surroundings. This type of information cannot be found in national publications because it only interests local audiences.
As described in Chapter 1 and the Module 1 lesson, what is Media Literacy?
On page 5 of Chapter 1 in the textbook, Media Literacy is defined as "an understanding of the mass communication process through the development of critical-thinking tools."
According the Media Literacy Case Study (Net Neutrality) on pages 272-273, the act of favoring some Internet traffic in exchange for payment is known as:
Paid Prioritization
From the Module 3 lesson: Briefly explain the concept of "Kids Getting Older Younger"
The concept of kids getting older younger expresses the concerns that kids become aware of their social media presence at a much earlier age. They don't have much time to develop themselves before they start worrying about what others think about them. This influences children to mature sooner than usual and try to manage the social pressures of media.
Explain "media convergence." Be sure to address the two main definitions discussed in the textbook.
The first understanding of media convergence is the integration of content throughout various channels. A good example is radio programs also being made available for listening on the internet and not just radios. The second understanding of media convergence is a type of business structure that allows a company to combine several media holdings at once. An example used in the textbook is a company that owns radio and tv stations and newspaper outlets combines these channels to spread different versions of the same stories to better manage resources.
Briefly explain the difference between the hypodermic-needle model and the minimal-effects model of media effects.
The hypodermic needle model explains that media "shoots" its messages into the unsuspecting audience while the minimal effects model shows that reinforces opinions rather than change them.
Check out the Media Literacy Case Study on pages 68-69 (Chapter 3). What nonprofit organization was mentioned as promoting and supporting investigative reporting? What specifically does this organization provide?
The nonprofit organization Investigative Reporters and Editors (IRE) provides training, resources, and a community for investigative journalists.
Briefly describe the term "digital divide," AND provide an example of it that you've seen at school or in your hometown.
The term 'digital divide' refers to the gap in access to advanced broadband service based on differences in income and education. My grandmother lives with my old uncle - they are immigrants from Russia and neither have a proper education. My grandmother is retired and my uncle works as a school bus driver and is soon to retire as well. They have do internet connection in their home but its quite slow and you have to stand in a particular spot to receive better service.
Briefly explain the "third-person effect theory."
The third person effect theory expresses the idea that don't think they are impacted by media messages as much as everyone else. They worry about others being deceived by fake news or getting addicted to the internet but believe they escape those problems themselves.
As stated in the Module 2 Lesson, most media organizations face the challenge of balancing which two roles?
The two roles are making a profit and serving the public interest.
Read The Digital Turn Case Study ("Social Media Fraud and Elections") on pages 266-267. Europe has been dealing with Russian propaganda for decades--what strategy has Sweden employed to combat such disinformation?
To combat Russian propaganda, Sweden has "a school literacy program to teach young people to identify Russian propaganda" (pg. 264).
Modern media research first emerged because of concerns about television violence
false
Opt-in policies are considered "cyber suicide" by consumer and privacy advocates.
false
ARPAnet is the written code that creates Web pages and links.
false
All media products send negative messages to consumers.
false
From the Module 3 lesson: In the video from The Real talk show on Botox/fillers, the women on the panel unanimously agreed that high school was the perfect time to begin the procedures.
false
In an oligopoly, a single firm dominates an industry.
false
Many Internet visionaries talk about the next generation of the Internet as the "romantic Web."
false
From the module lesson: According to "Diffusion of Innovation" Theory, the last of the four stages of diffusion is:
laggards join in
The process by which individual consumers can tailor a Web page or other media form is known as:
mass customization
What remains after the advertising department places the ads in the newspaper is called the ______________.
newshole
The textbook describes three stages in the emergence of a media innovation ("The Evolution of Media: From Emergence to Convergence"). Which of the following is NOT one of them?
the digital stage
"Objectivity" and Professionalization in Modern Journalism: Throughout the mid-1800s, the more a newspaper appeared not to take sides on its front pages, the more readers it could attract:
true
According to the opening of Chapter 3, in the 1800s Nellie Bly pioneered what was then called detective or stunt journalism:
true
As stated in the Module 2 Lesson, in the Public Sphere Model of the media business, the government helps ensure that the media meet the needs of citizens:
true
