Mastering A&P ch 13 homework

Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are (in order): A. roots, trunks, divisions, and cords B. divisions, roots, trunks, and cords C. roots, divisions, cords, and trunks D. trunks, divisions, cords, and roots

A. roots, trunks, divisions, and cords

__________ are collections of neuron cell bodies associated with nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Myelin sheaths Fascicles Ganglia Nuclei

Ganglia

The cranial nerve with a cervical origin (spinal cord) is the ________. accessory glossopharyngeal vagus hypoglossal

accessory

A herniated lumbar disc could interfere with ______. skin sensations from the lateral thigh skin sensations from the medial thigh adduction of the thigh All of the listed responses are correct.

all of the listed responses

The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all except the ________. glossopharyngeal trochlear facial trigeminal

trochlear

Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of the spinal nerves. True False

true

Dorsal and ventral rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers. True False

true

External strabismus and ptosis could be caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve. True False

true

Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups. True False

true

The musculocutaneous nerve is a major nerve of the brachial plexus. True False

true

The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves. True False

true

The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers. True False

true

the meningeal branch of a spinal nerve actually reenters the vertebral canal to innervate the meninges and blood vessels. True False

true

Striking the "funny bone" is actually stimulation of (or injury to) the ________. sciatic nerve median nerve ulnar nerve radial nerve

ulnar nerve

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve? accessory abducens vestibulocochlear trigeminal

vestibulocholear

Which cranial nerve transmits information about our sense of equilibrium? vestibulocochlear vagus optic abducens

vestibulocochlear

There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves. 6 8 10 12 14

12

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies? A. a complete loss of voluntary movement B. loss of neither sensation nor movement but only of autonomic control C. complete loss of sensation D. a complete loss of sensation and movement

A. complete loss of voluntary movement

Which of the receptor types contribute to the sense of touch by responding to deep pressure stimuli?

D

Ralph sustained a leg injury in a bowling accident and had to use crutches. Unfortunately, he never took the time to learn how to use them properly. After two weeks of use, he noticed his fingers were becoming numb. Then he noticed his arms were getting weaker and had a tingling sensation. What could be his problem? A. Pulling on the brachial plexus is causing weakness in the muscles of his arms, and may lead to paralysis. B. Compression of the median nerve (in the region of the armpit) may cause temporary cessation of nervous transmission, often called "Saturday night paralysis." C. Compression of the musculocutaneous nerve (in the region of the armpit) may cause temporary cessation of nervous transmission, often called "Saturday night paralysis." D. Compression of the radial nerve (in the region of the armpit) may cause temporary cessation of nervous transmission, often called "Saturday night paralysis." E. The median nerve is being compressed, making it difficult to pick up small objects, and resulting in the tingling sensations in his fingers.

D.

A patient suffers nerve damage to the median nerve, requiring surgery to suture the nerve back together. After surgery, the patient reports that sensation from the lateral and medial sides of the index finger seem to be reversed. How could this happen?

In suturing the nerve back together, there is no guide to ensure that each nerve fiber continues across the transection into the same neurilemma in which it started. Nerve fibers can grow into pathways different from their original ones and establish new synapses. The brain cannot keep track of which nerve fibers have grown into different pathways, and projects sensations back to the point of origin.

Spinal nerves are all classified as __________. afferent nerves sensory nerves motor nerves mixed nerves

Mixed

What type of nerve fibers are found in the ventral ramus of a spinal nerve? both sensory and motor motor only autonomic only sensory only

both sensory and motor

The majority of the cranial nerves attach to the __________. brain stem. forebrain cerebellum. spinal cord

brain stem

What parts of the brain ultimately plan and coordinate complex motor activities? cerebrum and basal nuclei cerebrum and cerebellum cerebrum, cerebellum, and basal nuclei cerebellum and basal nuclei

cerebellum and basal nuclei

The ________ nerve is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve. ophthalmic maxillary mandibular cervical

cervical

The primary nerve that controls breathing is found in which nerve plexus? cervical sacral lumbar brachial

cervical

Bell's palsy is ________. characterized by partial paralysis of diaphragm muscles characterized by loss of vision often caused by inflammation of the trigeminal nerve characterized by paralysis of facial muscles

characterized by paraysis of facial muscles

The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves? pudendal and posterior femoral cutaneous posterior femoral cutaneous and tibial pudendal and common fibular common fibular and tibial

common fibular and tibial

Sciatica has no direct affect on ______. perception of sensory information from the skin that covers the front of the leg perception of sensory information from the skin that covers the back of the leg control of the adductor longus control of the semimembranosus

control of the adductor longus

In carpal tunnel syndrome, there may be tingling and numbness in the thumb due to compression of the ______. thumb muscles cutaneous branches of the median nerve muscular branches of the posterior cord that supply the median nerve None of the listed responses is correct.

cutaneous branches of the median nerve

The phrenic nerve serves the __________. ear shoulder neck diaphragm

diaphragm

The hyperalgesia that is common in phantom limb pain could be blocked if a new drug was developed that could prevent (without triggering any side-effects) the ______. diffusion of calcium ions through NMDA receptors release of enkephalins binding of enkephalins to NMDA receptors diffusion of enkephalins across synaptic clefts

diffusion if calcium ions through NMDA receptors

A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged? glossopharyngeal facial accessory hypoglossal

facial

A joint and the muscle that moves that joint tend to be innervated by different nerves. True False

false

The dorsal ramus consists only of motor fibers bringing information to the spinal cord. True False

false

The obturator nerve branches from the sacral plexus. True False

false

glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers. True False

false

A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the ________. sciatic iliohypogastric femoral ilioinguinal

femoral

Damage to the ulnar nerve could result in the inability to ______. supinate or pronate the forearm flex the wrist extend the forearm All of the listed responses are correct.

flex the wrist

If "wrist drop" were to appear, there would also be an increased probability of ______. inability to extend the forearm inability to flex the fingers inability to pronate the forearm inability to contract the biceps brachii

inability to extend the forearm

Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome? ulnar median axillary radial

median

In carpal tunnel syndrome, the __________ is compressed. radial nerve median nerve axillary nerve musculocutaneous nerve

median nerve

Nerves that only carry impulses away from the central nervous system (CNS) are called __________. mixed nerves afferent nerves motor nerves sensory nerves

motor

Hiccups could occur if there was irritation or damage to the ______. dorsal rami of spinal nerves associated with the C3-C5 region of the spinal cord afferent neurons of spinal nerves associated with the C3-C5 region of the spinal cord cutaneous branches of rami associated with the C3-C5 region of the spinal cord motor branches of ventral rami associated with the C3-C5 region of the spinal cord

motor branches of ventral rami associated with the C3-C5 region of the spinal cord

The flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve? radial median musculocutaneous ulnar

musclulocutaneous

A fracture of the ethmoid bone could result in damage to which cranial nerve? vagus accessory olfactory glossopharyngeal

olfactory

Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following? vagus olfactory facial trigeminal

olfactory

Which of the following cranial nerves carries only sensory information? trigeminal abducens oculomotor olfactory

olfactory

Which of the following nerves does not arise from the brachial plexus? radial ulnar phrenic median

phrenic

The first level of neural integration in the somatosensory system is the __________ level. circuit abstraction perceptual receptor

receptor

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________. femoral plexus thoracic plexus lumbar plexus sacral plexus

sacral plexus

The thickest and longest nerve in the body is the __________. femoral nerve pudendal nerve sciatic nerve obturator nerve

sciatic nerve

A fall or an improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in ________. postpoliomyelitis muscular atrophy phantom limb pain sciatica neurofibromatosis

sciatica

he brachial plexus can be palpated at the lower lateral border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Injury to the brachial plexus could cause weakness or paralysis to all of the following EXCEPT the ______. deltoid muscle biceps brachii muscle sternocleidomastoid muscle muscles that flex the wrist and fingers

sternocleidomastoid

Which reflex is important for maintaining muscle tone? crossed-extensor reflex flexor reflex tendon reflex stretch reflex

stretch reflex

Which of the following is NOT used to classify sensory receptors? structural complexity location the type of stimulus they detect the number of dendritic endings present

the number of dendritic endings present

The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the ________ nerve. tibial obturator common fibular femoral

tibial