mastering assignment chapter respiratory system

The respiratory membrane consists of an endothelial cell of a capillary and the plasma membrane of an alveolar type ______ cell.

1

The right lung has ______ tertiary bronchi and the left lung has ______ tertiary bronchi.

10; 8-10

The left lung has ______ secondary bronchi since it has ______ lobes; the right lung has ______ lobes; and ______ secondary bronchi.

2; 2; 3; 3

Which drugs are useful in treating asthma?

Allergy shots, inhaled steroids, oral steroids

Respiration affects all conditions except ______.

Blood K+ levels

Normally, only ______ passes through the nasopharynx.

air

The respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts contain small out pockets called

alveoli

The trachea is ______ to the esophagus, ______ to the larynx, and ______ to the primary bronchi.

anterior; inferior; superior

The smallest respiratory bronchioles subdivide into thin airways called

aveolar ducts

The distal end of the alveolar duct terminates as a dilated

aveolar sacs

The wide ______ of the lung rests upon the diaphragm.

base

The respiratory membrane is the thin wall between the alveolar lumen and the ______.

blood

The ______ is a highly branched system of air conducting passages that originate from the left and right primary bronchi and progressively branch into narrower tubes ending in terminal bronchioles.

bronchial tree

The widening of a bronchiole diameter is ______.

bronchodilation

The alveoli have thin walls specialized to promote the diffusion of gases between the alveolus and the ______.

capillaries

The apex of the lung projects superiorly to a point that is slightly superior to the bone called the

clavicle

alveolar pores provide

collateral ventilation

Between the superior and middle ______ is the ______ meatus.

conchae; superior

Which are the functions of the respiratory system?

detection of odors sound production allows air passage exchange of O2 and CO2

When successful swallowing occurs, the ___closes over the opening to the larynx to prevent materials from entering the larynx.

epiglottis

The mucous membrane of the respiratory tract is composed of ______ and is ciliated in most portions of the conducting zone.

epithelial tissue

Bronchodilation results when the smooth muscle of the bronchioles

expand

True or false: Lobar bronchi further divide into primary bronchi.

false

Alveoli have a unique shape, best described as ______

hexagonal

On the medial surface of each lung is an indented___ through which a bronchus enters the lung.

hilum

The___ of the lung is where the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves pass through.

hilum

The ______ fissure separates the superior and middle lobe, while the ______ fissure separates the middle from the inferior lobe.

horizontal; oblique

The cricoid cartilage is ____to the thyroid cartilage.

inferior

The superior opening of the larynx is called the laryngeal ______.

inlet

The structure that is also called the voice box is the

larynx

The trachea connects the ______ to the ______.

larynx to bronchi

As air is forced out of the lungs and moves through the ______, the sound is produced.

larynxxxx

The sides of the nose are formed in part by a single pair of thyroid___cartilages and two pairs of___cartilages.

lateral alar

Which anatomical structures aid sound production?

lips paranasal sinuses nasal cavity tongue teeth

The secondary bronchi that branch off the primary bronchi are also called ___bronchi

lobar

The trachea is part of the ______ respiratory system.

lower

Which is not part of the upper respiratory system?

lungs

The trachea descends through the neck into the ______ from the ______ to the main bronchi.

mediastinum; larynx

The mucosa in the respiratory system is also known as the____ membrane.

mucous

The nose is supported superiorly by paired ___bones that form the bridge of the nose.

nasal

The structure that divides the nasal cavity into left and right portions is the septum.

nasal

Which form the roof of the nasal cavity?

nasal bones cribriform plate sphenoid bone frontal bone

The structure that is the initial conducting airway for inhaled air is the

nose

The nasal cavity extends from the ______ to the ______.

nostrils; choanae

The fissure that separates the superior and inferior lobes of the left lung is the ___ fissure.

oblique

Four bones of the skull contain paired air spaces called ___ ____that help to lighten the heavy load of the head.

paranasal sinuses

The terminal bronchioles conduct air into the ___bronchioles.

respiratory

Aspirated foreign objects are more likely to become lodged in the ______ primary bronchus.

right

Which are the functions of the larynx?

serves as a passageway for air produces sound for speech blocks food and drink from entering the airway

Lobar bronchi are ______ in diameter than main bronchi.

smaller

If proper swallowing occurs, materials from the oral cavity and oropharynx will be blocked from entering the nasopharynx by the ______, which elevates during swallowing.

soft palate

The bronchioles that are the final segment of the conducting pathway in the lungs are the___ bronchioles.

terminal

The structure that is also known as the windpipe is the

trachea

Superior to the larynx is the laryngopharynx. Inferior to the larynx is the _____and posterior to the larynx is the______

trachea esophagus

True or false: The vestibular folds that attach to the corniculate cartilage protect the vocal folds.

true

The closing of the epiglottis over the larynx along with the simultaneous contraction of abdominal muscles, known as ____the maneuver, results in an increase in abdominal pressure.

valsalva

The nasal septum is formed by which structures?

vomer perpendicular plate septal nasal cartilage