mastering bio 31

help plants take up nutrients and water

An important example of interaction between fungi and certain other organisms is mycorrhizae, in which the fungal partners _____. View Available Hint(s) control soil nematodes sicken herbivores that attempt to feed on plants provide carbohydrates to the plant partner cause the decay of cellulose and lignin help plants take up nutrients and water

plasmogamy

At which stage of a basidiomycete's life cycle would reproduction be halted if an enzyme that prevented the fusion of hyphae was introduced? fertilization germination plasmogamy karyogamy

meiosis

Basidia produce spores by a process known as _____. decomposition mitosis meiosis hyphae binary fission

Ascomycota

Cup fungi are in the phylum _____. Zygomycota Chytridomycota Ascomycota Chordata Basidiomycota

ABSORPTION

Fungi obtain nutrients through _____. ingestion photosynthesis endocytosis absorption chemosynthesis

saclike structures

Fungi of the phylum Ascomycota are recognized on the basis of their production of _____ during sexual reproduction. yeasts lichens saclike structures flagellated zoospores a dikaryotic structure

haploid

Fungi produce _____ spores. dikaryotic heterokaryotic haploid diploid triploid

surroundings

Fungi release digestive enzymes into their _____. surroundings gastrovascular cavity stomach hyphae mycelia

diploid zygote

Karyogamy produces a _____. diploid zygote haploid zygote spores mycelium hypha

decomposers

Most fungi are _____. photoautotrophs decomposers herbivores carnivores chemoautotrophs

the fusion of hyphae.

Plasmogamy is

mutualistic

Some fungal species can kill herbivores while feeding off of sugars from its plant host. What type of relationship does this fungus have with its host? parasitic commensal mutualistic predatory

hyphae, mycelium

The body of most fungi consists of threadlike _____, which form a network called a _____. hyphae ... mycelium mycelia ... dikaryon mycelia ... hypha sporangia ... dikaryon hyphae ... chytrid

C

The following figure depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A-D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. What is the most probable location of the oldest portion of this mycelium? A (0) B (0.25) C (0.5 middle) D (out of circle)

A

The following figure depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A-D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. Which location is nearest to basidiocarps? A (0) B (0.25) C (0.5 middle) D (out of circle)

False

True or false? In most fungi, fertilization is complete after the cells fuse together. True False

True

True or false? Most of the cells in a mushroom contain haploid nuclei.

Both groups use chitin for support.

What do fungi and arthropods have in common? Both groups use chitin for support. The haploid state is dominant in both groups. Both groups have cell walls. Both groups are predominantly autotrophs that produce their own food.

karyogamy and meiosis

What sexual processes in fungi generate genetic variation? budding and meiosis karyogamy and meiosis diploidy and the heterokaryotic condition plasmogamy and meiosis haustoria and karyogamy

Basidia

Where does meiosis occur in a mushroom? Mycelium Basidia Hyphae Spores

flagellated spores

Which feature seen in chytrids supports the hypothesis that they diverged earliest in fungal evolution? the absence of chitin within the cell wall coenocytic hyphae parasitic lifestyle flagellated spores

Photosynthetic cells are surrounded by fungal hyphae.

Which of the following best describes the physical relationship of the partners involved in lichens? The fungi grow on rocks and trees and are covered by algae. Fungal cells are enclosed within algal cells. Photosynthetic cells are surrounded by fungal hyphae. Lichen cells are enclosed within fungal cells.

Hyphae are produced by mitosis

Which of the following events occurs first in the development of a spore into a mature mushroom? A heterokaryotic mycelium forms. Hyphae are produced by mitosis. The mycelium forms. Haploid nuclei fuse to form a diploid nucleus.

the heterokaryotic stage of the fungal life cycle

Which of these contains two haploid nuclei? the heterokaryotic stage of the fungal life cycle zygote spore-producing structures mycelium hypha

Mycelium

Which structure allows the growing mushroom to nourish itself? Mycelium Gills Basidia Spore

Mycelium

Which structure is not directly involved in the reproduction of at least one major group of fungi? Asci Motile spores Mycelium Basidium

plasmogamy

Which term describes the fusion of cytoplasm from two individuals? Plasmogamy Spore Karyogamy Heterokaryotic