Mastering Bio Questions Week 1

Epidermis is indicated by the letter _____.

A

Ground tissue is indicated by the letter ____.

A

The cortex is indicated by the letter _____.

A

What characterizes the rates of photosynthesis and transport in a plant on a dry cloudy day?

Both the photosynthesis and transpiration rates are low.

In roots the _____ forces water and solutes to pass through the plasma membranes of _____ cells before entering the _____.

Casparian strip... endodermis... xylem

Functions/Descriptions of Secondary Growth

Cork Cambium Growth in thickness Lateral meristem Vascular cambium Provides structural support INC vascular flow

As the epidermis is pushed outward and sloughed off, it is replaced by tissues produced by the _____.

Cork cambium

The region surrounded by guard cells is indicated by the letter _____.

D

Xylem is indicated by the letter _____.

D

Pith is indicated by the letter _____.

E

Functions/Descriptions of Primary Growth

Elongation Apical Meristem INC exposure to light Occurs in plants that only live one year

Which tissue acts as a filter on the water absorbed by root hairs?

Endodermis

True or false? Root pressure can move water a long distance up the xylem because of the higher water potential of the xylem in comparison to the water potential in the surrounding cells.

False: Root pressure can move water a short distance up the xylem because of the lower water potential of the xylem in comparison to the water potential in the surrounding cells.

True or False? Primary growth can occur at both the apical and lateral meristems at the tips of the roots and stems in a plant.

False; Primary growth results in INC length and occurs only at the apical meristems at the tips of the roots and stems in a plant

True or false? The rate of sugar transport in a plant depends on the rate of photosynthesis, the rate of transpiration, and the difference in turgor pressure between the source and the sink.

False; While the rate of photosynthesis and the difference in turgor pressure between the source and the sink do influence the rate of sugar transport in the phloem, the rate of transpiration does not; transpiration mainly influences the rate of water transport through the xylem.

_____ cells are the cells that regulate the opening and closing of the stomata, thus playing a role in regulating transpiration.

Guard

The primary growth of a plant adds _____ and secondary growth adds _____.

Height... girth (Apical meristems elongate shoots and roots through primary growth; Lateral meristems add girth to wordy plants through secondary growth)

_____ bonds are responsible for the cohesion of water molecules.

Hydrogen

Root hairs are important to a plant because they ______.

Increase the surface area for absorption

Topsoil _____.

Is a mixture of rock fragments, living organisms, and humus

Which of the following statements about the vascular cambium is true?

It is a layer of undifferentiated cells that develops into secondary xylem and phloem

If a wide-spectrum fungicide that kills all fungal species were used extensively in a forest, what effects would you expect the treatment to have on the forest vegetation?

It would greatly reduce the ability of most plants to take up water and minerals from soil.

Apical Meristem is located where?

Letter A and H

Vascular Tissue is located where?

Letter B

Ground tissue is located?

Letter C

Epidermis is located?

Letter D

Zone of differentiation is located?

Letter E

Zone of elongation is located?

Letter F

Zone of cell division is located?

Letter G

Root cap is located?

Letter I

Plants must always compromise between ______ and _____.

Maximizing photosynthesis .... minimizing water loss

Mycorrhizae are _____.

Mutualistic associations between plants roots and fungi.

Mutualistic associations between roots and soil fungi are called _____.

Mycorrhizae

Which of these are symbiotic associations?

Mycorrhizae

Cellular differentiation is responsible for _____.

One daughter cell differentiating and one remaining meristematic

What is the best description of the significance of the meristems of plants?

Plant meristems are permanently embryonic regions within the plant body

How do plants obtain organic molecules?

Plants synthesize their own organic molecules.

Which of the following parts of a plant remains on the plant even after several years of growth?

Primary xylem

How do prokaryotes contribute to plant health?

Prokaryotes fix atmospheric nitrogen. Prokaryotes secrete chemicals that stimulate plant growth and protect plant roots from disease.

Which structure determines the direction of root growth by sensing gravity?

Root Cap

Which term describes an area where sugars are used or stored?

Sink; A sink is an area where sugars are used or stored; typically, these are the roots and fruits of a plant

The solute most abundant in phloem sap is _____.

Sugar

Which of the following statements about the distribution of sap throughout a plant is true?

The mechanism that explains the movement of sugars throughout a plant is called the pressure-flow hypothesis.

Mechanism of stomatal opening and closing.

The radial orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the cell walls of guard cells causes them to bow outward and open the stomatal pore when turgid.

Other than the transport of materials, what is another function that vascular tissue performs in a leaf?

The tissue functions as a skeleton that reinforces the shape of the leaf

How do cells in a meristem differ from cells in other types of plant tissue?

They continue to divide

Why do plants need secondary growth?

To provide structural support for the plant

Which one of the following refers to the loss of water through the stomata in a plant's leaves?

Transpiration

_____ provides the major force for the movement of water and solutes from roots to leaves.

Transpiration

True or False? Plant growth involves both the production of new cells by mitosis and the expansion of cell volume.

True

Which of the following is not a type of primary melismatic cell found in apical meristems?

Vascular Cambium (it is a type of cell found in later meristems and involved in secondary growth)

Which of the following statements about xylem transport is true?

Water and minerals move through the root cortex into the xylem and upward through the stem and into leaves.

If a plant's stomata are closed and no transpiration is occurring, which of the following predictions is accurate?

Without transpiration, less water will be absorbed from the soil.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a difference between xylem and phloem transport?

Xylem sap moves up; phloem sap moves up or down.

Cell division in the vascular cambium adds to the girth of a tree by adding new _____ to the layer's interior and _____ to the layer's exterior.

Xylem... Phloem

A major long-term problem resulting from excessive irrigation is the _____.

accumulation of salts in the soil

Mineral nutrients _____.

contribute little to a plant's overall mass

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil _____.

convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia

The relationship between legumes and Rhizobium is _____.

mutualistic