Mastering Biology Hw 3

18. Make Connections: Bacterial Conjugation and Binary Fission Part A - Reviewing Binary Fission in Bacteria 1.) Binary fission is a form of _______ because a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring. 2.) During the binary fission, DNA replication begins at the _______ and continues all the way around the circular chromosome. 3.) When DNA replication is complete and the bacterium has reached twice its size, the _______ grows inward, dividing the parent cell into two daughter cells. 4.) In theory, the two daughters cells are _______ each other and the parent cell. 5.) However, mistakes made during DNA replication sometimes result in ______, changes to the nucleotide sequence of DNA. 6.) The rapid reproduction and large population sizes of many bacterial populations mean that even a small mutation rate can lead to considerable _______.

1.) Asexual Reproduction 2.) Origin of Replication 3.) Plasma Membrane 4.) Genetically identical to 5.) Mutations 6.) Genetic Variation

2. Part B Which number point on the tree represents the most recent common ancestor of crocodile, dinosaurs, and birds?

2

33. Assign a numerical score for each category. Then add up the total score. (The highest possible score is 6; the lowest is 0.) In what range does this source fall?

2 to 4

28. Evaluating Science in the Media: Fecal Transplant Part A - First Impression On a scale of 0 to 6, where 6 is the most trustworthy, how would you rate this site? (Note that all responses will be marked as "correct" at this point.)

2-4 (somewhat trustworthy; want to check some things)

23. Streptococcus pyogenes is classified with ________.

Gram-positive bacteria S. pyogenes attracts the violet Gram stain.

11. Video Tutor Session Quiz: Survey of Biodiversity Part C My wife likes this tea which is made from the tips of evergreen fir trees to which group of plants do they belong?

Gymnosperms

14. Building Vocabulary: Word Roots - Diversity Part A Can you match these prefixes, suffixes, & word roots with their definitions?

Skin: derm Outside: ecto- Plant: -phyte Egg: oo-(orov-) Life: bio- Seed: sperm Inside, Inner: endo- Middle: meso-

16. Building Vocabulary: Words Roots - Diversity Part C Can you match these prefixes. suffixes, and word roots with their definitions?

Skull: crani- Change, After: meta- Hollow: coel- Cartilage: chondr- Shape, Form: morph- Eat: phago- Blood: hem- (or hemato-)

26. Spiral-shaped bacteria are likely to be placed with ________.

Spirochetes

13. Video Tutor Session Quiz: Survey of Biodiversity Part E Luckily for me the chocolate covered insects that I plan to eat during the video cast never arrived If they had which phylum would I have consume?

Anthropods

24. Organisms that can cause nongonococcal urethritis are classified with ___________.

Chlamydias Chlamydias trachomatis causes nongonococcal urethritis.

4. Part D What is represented along the x axis of this biological tree?

Time

30. Next, can you identify what the source is trying to accomplish by providing this info? As you read the post, think about what the writers agenda might be with regard to fecal microbiota transplant (FMT). What seems to be the main purpose of the info provided on this page?

To provide general info about the use and benefits of FMT

9. Video Tutor Session Quiz: Survey of Biodiversity Part A: This is a can salmon to what Domain and KIngdom does this organism belong to?

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia

27. According to this phylogenetic tree, which of these pairs of prokaryotic sub groups share the most recent common ancestor?

Euryarchaeota .... Crenarchaeota

20. Make Connections: Bacterial Conjugation and Binary Fission Part B - Bacterial Conjugation Drag each phrase into the appropriate bin depending on whether it applies to an F+ cell, an Hfr cell, or an F- cell. (Remember that we are only considering conjugation involving the F factor here, and not other mechanisms for transferring genetic material.)

F+ Cell: -Carries the F factor in a plasmid -May donate a plasmid to another cell Hfr Cell: -Carries the F factor in its circular chromosome -May donate genes from its chromosome to another cell F- Cell: -May become recombinant after conjugation with an Hfr cell -May receive genetic material but cannot donate genetic material -May become F+ after conjugation with an F+ cell

3. Part C According to this biological tree which type of organisms is most closely related to Saurischian dinosaurs?

Birds

17. Misconception Question 128 Part A This figure shows a phlogenetic tree of birds and their close relatives. Identify the monophyletic taxon.

Birds and Dinosaurs and their common ancestor

21. The prokaryotic cells that built stromatolites are classified as _______.

Cyanobacteria

22. The prokaryotic cells that were the first to add significant quantities of oxygen to Earth's atmosphere are classified as ________.

Cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria are aerobic photosynthesizers.

29. How can you know if the person or organization providing the information has the credentials and knowledge to speak on this topic? One clue is the type of web site it is--the domain name ".com" tells you that this site is run by a private organization. Now scan the article to find the name and credentials of the person who wrote it.

Its not clear who wrote the content of this page.

5. Overtime the DNA sequences of the organisms become more and more different than the DNA of their ancestors. If you were to compare DNA sequences among the 6 organisms shown here. Which of the organisms is different than the other 5?

Lizards and Snakes

6. Constructing Phylogenetic Trees Part A Use this phylogenetic tree and your knowledge of cladistics to determine the relationships between these species. Rank the species from most closely related to horseflies to most distantly related to horseflies. If two species are equally close in their relatedness to horseflies, overlap them.

Most Closely Related To Horseflies Flea Human Body Louse/Katydid Dragonfly/Mayfly Silverfish Most Distantly Related to Horseflies

15. Building Vocabulary: Word Roots - Diversity Part B Can you match these prefixes, suffixes, and word roots with their definitions?

Mouth: stoma Head: cephal- Out of: ex- Second: deutero- Alongside: para- False: pseudo- Disease: path- Backward: retro-

8. Part C Choosing The Most Parsimonious Tree Based on this genetic information, which phylogenetic tree is most parsimonious? Select the most parsimonious tree. If there is a tie, select both trees. (For help approaching this problem, open Hint 2.)

Phylogentic Tree III

25. The chemoheterotroph Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped bacterium classified with ______.

Proteobacteria

12. Video Tutor Session Quiz: Survey of Biodiversity Part D This cheese pizza has pepperoni and mushrooms which group of organisms does it NOT contain?

Protists

10. Video Tutor Session Quiz: Survey of Biodiversity Part B I got 3 different organisms here a seastar, a mollusc, & a mushroom which is more closely related to human?

The Sea Star

31. How can you know if the info is based on scientifically collected data and if its corroborated by other sources? What do you find when you click these links?

The article links to both primary and secondary sources.

1. Part A What does the left far point represents?

The species that is a common ancestor to all species shown on the tree

32. Now, search for info on FMT on a few other websites, including the Mayo Clinic (mayorclinic.org), Scientific American (scientificamerican.com), and the American Gastroenterological Association (gastro.org). Is the info provided by these sites consistent with what you found on the PoP web site?

Yes, other sites mostly corroborate the information on the PoP site.

7. Part B Constructing a Hypothetical Phylogenetic Tree Based on Morphology Imagine that you are studying alien life-forms discovered on a distant planet. While geneticists are working out the genetic code of these organisms, you are asked to construct a phylogenetic tree based on four morphological features, or characters: presence or absence of a spring tail, presence or absence of a grasping hand, presence or absence of a second tail, and number of eyes. The organisms have been divided into five groups based on these characters. If we assume the alien with a tail stalk is an outgroup, what is the most likely phylogenetic tree based on these shared derived characters? When did these characters appear during the aliens' evolutionary history? Drag the aliens and shared derived characters to their appropriate locations on this phylogenetic tree. Use only the blue labels for the blue targets and the white labels for the white targets.

a) Spring Tail b) Fourth Eye c) Second Tail d) Grasping Hand e) 3 eyes w/ tail stalk f) 3 eyes w/ spring tail g) 4 eyes w/ spring tail h) 4 eyes w/ 2 spring tails i) 4 eyes w/ spring tail & spring tail w/ grasping hand

19. Make Connections: Bacterial Conjugation and Binary Fission Part C - How do Binary Fission and conjugation contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria? Drag the labels to their appropriate locations on the concept map below to explore the links between antibiotic resistance, binary fission, and conjugation.

a.) Antibiotics b.) Antibiotics Resistance c.) Binary Fission d.) Conjugation e.) Mutations f.) DNA Replication g.) Genetic Recombination h.) Genetic Variation