Mastering Ch. 17 - The Cardiovascular System 1: The Heart

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End-diastolic volume for each ventricle during rest is normally about:

120 ml

Blood returning from the lungs enters the ____.

Left atrium

Blood that leaves the right ventricle enters the ____.

Pulmonary trunk

Place the following parts of the cardiac conduction system in the order in which they transmit the action potential. 1) atrioventricular (AV) bundle 2) Purkinje fibers 3) sinoatrial (SA) node 4) right and left bundle branches 5) contractile cells of cardiac muscle tissue 6) atrioventricular (AV) node

3, 6, 1, 4, 2, 5

Calculate the end-systolic volume (ESV) if the end-diastolic volume (EDV) in a resting heart is 110 ml and stroke volume (SV) is 70 ml.

40 ml

How much blood is pumped from each ventricle during the ventricular ejection phase?

70 ml

Stroke volume averages about:

70 ml per heart beat

Which of the following decreases heart rate?

Acetylcholine

The right and left coronary arteries receive blood from the:

Aorta

Where should the left ventricle send blood?

Aorta

Which vessel supplies the systemic circuit with oxygenated blood?

Aorta

The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the depolarization of cells in the ____.

Atria

Which hormone decreases cardiac output by decreasing blood volume and preload?

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Predict the position of the valves when the ventricles contract.

Both AV valves are forced shut while both semilunar valves are forced open

Autohythmicity in the heart is the responsibility of ____.

Cardiac pacemaker cells

Autohythmicity is the responsibility of:

Cardiac pacemaker cells

The cusps of the atrioventricular valves attach directly to:

Chordae tendineae

Inotropic agents affect ____.

Contractility

Generally, coronary veins empty into a vessel known as the:

Coronary sinus

The right side of the heart receives ____.

Deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit

The right side of the heart receives:

Deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit

What largely determines preload?

End-diastolic volume (EDV)

The visceral pericardium is also known as the ____.

Epicardium

The visceral pericardium is the same as the ____.

Epicardium

Which opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart connects the right and left atrium?

Foramen ovale

High-pressured blood in the ventricles ____.

Forces the semilunar valves open

The heart is located ____.

In the mediastinum

The apex of the heart is ____.

Inferior

What characteristic differentiates cardiac muscle cells from skeletal muscle cells?

Intercalated discs

The cardiac chamber with the thickest wall is the ____.

Left ventricle

Which chamber experiences a maximum pressure of around 118 mm Hg during contraction?

Left ventricle

The heart is situated in the middle of the thoracic cavity in a region known as the:

Mediastinum

A damaged atrioventricular (AV) bundle or atrioventricular (AV) node will primarily affect the length of the ____.

P-R interval

What muscles, present in the ventricles, anchor by tendon-like chords called chordae tendineae?

Papillary muscles

During what part of the action potential will calcium ions enter the conctractile cell?

Plateau phase

The degree of stretch experienced by the sacromeres in the ventricle cells before they contract is caled ____.

Preload

The aortic valve closes when ____.

Pressure in the left ventricle falls below aortic pressure

The AV valves close when ____.

Pressure in the ventricles increases

What is the function of the valves in the heart?

Prevent backflow of blood through the heart

Which vessel is guarded by a semilunar valve at its base?

Pulmonary trunk

Which of the following does NOT return blood to the right atrium of the heart?

Pulmonary vein

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?

Pulmonary vein

What vessel(s) deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium?

Pulmonary veins

On an electrocardiogram (ECG), atrial repolarization is obscured by the:

QRS wave

Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) represents ventricular depolarization?

QRS wave

Which of the following can be used to measure heart rate?

R-R interval

What valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium?

Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

What valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventrile into the right atrium?

Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

The main pacemaker of the heart is the ____.

SA node

The right and left atria depolarize and contract following the arrival of the action potential from the ____.

Sinoatrial (SA) node

The right and left atria depolarize and contract following the arrival of the action potential from the:

Sinoatrial (SA) node

What normally serves as the pacemaker of the entire heart?

Sinoatrial (SA) node

The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one heartbeat is known as:

Stroke volume (SV)

What two values are needed in order to calculate cardiac output (CO) for a ventricle?

Stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR)

Archie has a resting heart rate of 125 beats per minute. Classify his cardiac dysrhythmia.

Tachycardia

What best describes Frank-Sterling law?

The Frank-Sterling law states that the more the ventricular muscle cells are stretched, the more forcefully they contract

The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood into ____.

The pulmonary arteries (B in the figure)

Which two arteries arise from the right coronary artery?

The right marginal artery and the right posterior interventricular artery

What produces the "lub dub" heart sounds?

The vibrations of the ventricular and blood vessel walls when valves shut

Blood in the right atrium should travel next past the ____.

Tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle

Blood in the right atrium should travel next past the:

Tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle

Which cranial nerves have a negative chronotropic effect on heart rate?

Vagus nerves (CN X)

Both the left and right atria receive blood from ____.

Veins

Both the left and right atria receive blood from:

Veins

Blood from the systemic circuit returns to the heart via the ____.

Vena cavae

The chambers that have just emptied when the second heart sound is heard are the ____.

Ventricles

The T wave of an ECG corresponds to ____.

Ventricular repolarization


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