Mastering Microbiology Ch 10

Why is the unknown in this example not Pseudomonas?

It ferments lactose.

Which of the following are features of a molecular clock? Select all that apply.

It uses the rate at which a gene sequence changes to mark evolutionary time. It works best when rate of change is relatively constant over time. It requires knowledge of age of divergence.

How would the results be different if this organism was Salmonella?

It would produce hydrogen sulfide.

What is the outstanding characteristic of the Kingdom Fungi?

Members absorb dissolved organic matter.

How is fermentation of lactose detected?

The drop in pH turns the indicator dye yellow.

The first cells were formed approximately __________ years ago.

3 billion

How many questions are needed in this dichotomous key to determine if the unknown is Bacteroides?

three

Why is visualization not sufficient to properly identify bacteria?

Bacteria have a limited set of shapes and many unrelated bacteria share the same shape.

What test result indicates that the unknown can utilize citrate as its sole carbon source?

The medium turns blue.

What is the hallmark of dichotomous keys?

They consist of a series of paired statements, in which only one statement of each pair applies to a given organism.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of members of the Domain Archaea?

They contain nuclei.

Which of the following statements about the members of the Kingdom Animalia is FALSE?

They undergo photosynthesis.

Which of the following statements about members of the Kingdom Plantae is FALSE?

They use organic carbon sources.

Which of the following statements is a reason for NOT classifying viruses in one of the three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) rather than in a fourth separate domain?

Viruses are not composed of cells.

Which technique is often used to determine the identity and abundance of microorganisms in an environment? (This technique is particularly useful because it does not require culturing the organisms.)

fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the`

genus

A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species

is a population of cells with similar characteristics.

All of the following statements are reasons why fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has become a valuable tool for environmental microbiologists EXCEPT

it allows one to obtain pure cultures of microbes.

One of the most popular taxonomic tools is DNA fingerprinting to develop profiles of organisms. These profiles provide direct information about

the similarities between nucleotide sequences.

This figure shows the results of a gel electrophoresis separation of restriction fragments of the DNA of different organisms. In the figure, which two are most closely related?

1 and 3

Use the dichotomous key in the table to identify a gram-negative cell that ferments lactose and uses citric acid as its sole carbon source.

Citrobacter

A unicellular, photosynthetic nucleated cell would belong to which domain?

Eukarya

Serological testing is based on the fact that

antibodies react specifically with an antigen.

Biochemical tests _________________.

are the main methods used to identify unknown bacteria

Phage typing is based on the fact that

bacterial viruses attack only members of a specific species.

A biochemical test, in the microbiology world, is used to determine

capability of a microbe to perform a specific enzymatic activity.

The endosymbiotic theory states that __________.

chloroplasts evolved from photosynthetic bacteria that were endocytosed by primitive eukaryotic cells