MCQB Unit 1 - Chapter 5

The best way to delay skeletal aging is to

exercise

The scapula is an example of what type of bone?

flat

Which of the following is most likely to have a nerve pass through it?

foramen

Which of the following is an example of a long bone?

humerus

Endochondral ossification begins with

hyaline cartilage

Ossification of flat bones is called

intramembranous

Layers of bone are referred to as

lamellae

Regulatory functions of the skeletal system include

maintaining blood calcium levels

The degenerative effects of osteoporosis are most likely to affect

older women

Every year almost __________ of the adult skeleton is demolished and then rebuilt/replaced.

one-fifth

Bone formation begins in an area called (the)

ossification center

In osseous tissue, which of the following occupy the lacunae?

osteocytes

Mature bone cells are termed

osteocytes

Which type of cell divides readily after a bone is damaged?

osteoprogenitor

Decreased levels of calcium in the blood stimulate the secretion of

parathyroid hormone

Which of the following is most important in bone homeostasis?

parathyroid hormone

The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the)

periosteum

A long bone increases in length until

the epiphyseal cartilage becomes ossified

In the skeletal system, compact bone is predominantly located

where bones are most heavily stressed

The period of time when bone remodeling occurs at the highest rate likely is

after injury

A bone cell that produces new bone matrix is

an osteoblast

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?

connective tissue

When the epiphyseal cartilage ossifies,

the bone is at its maximum length

During endochondral bone formation,

-osteoclasts erode the center of the new bone to form a marrow cavity -the matrix of the cartilage model becomes calcified -cells of the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts -capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into the heart of the cartilage -***all of the above happen***

In addition to osseous tissue, a typical bone contains

-other connective tissues -smooth muscle tissues (in blood vessel walls) -neural tissues -***all of the above***

Which of the following may occur within a living bone?

-red marrow -yellow marrow -red blood cells -white blood cells -***all of the above***

All of the following describe central canals except

-surrounded by lamellae -contain blood vessels -allow transport within a bone -***run perpendicular to osteons (False) ***

Regulation of bone growth is influenced by

-thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland -parathyroid hormone, produced by the parathyroid glands -growth hormone, produced by the pituitary gland -***All of the above***

All of the following statements apply to a living bone except:

-It may have both compact and spongy regions. -It can undergo remodeling during life -It contains openings for nutrient blood vessels. -***It is essentially inert, hard, and dry throughout (False) ***

The endosteum is described as

-a tissue that is active during the growth or repair of bone -the cellular lining of the marrow cavity and central canals -an epithelial layer that covers the trabeculae of spongy bone -an incomplete epithelium that sometimes leaves matrix exposed - ***all of the above***

All of the following occur during intramembranous ossification except

-blood vessels enter the spaces between bone spicules to supply the growing tissues -osteoblasts differentiate within a mesenchymal or fibrous connective tissue -osteoblasts secrete the organic component of the matrix -***as bone is formed, osteoblasts leave the area and it becomes exclusively matrix (Doesn't Occur)

Which of the following is not a space within a bone?

-canaliculus -central canal - ***trabecula (Not a space) *** -lacuna -medullary cavity

Major functions of the skeletal system DO NOT include

-leverage -support & protection -blood cell production -mineral storage -***none of the above (All are Functions) ***

Which of the following may contribute to the breaking of a bone?

-low circulating levels of calcium -extremely large loads -sudden impacts -stresses from unusual directions -***all of the above***

Bone structure is determined by which of the following?

-mechanical stress -muscle attachments -hormones -diet -***all of the above***

What is the mechanism of marrow cavity enlargement in a long bone?

As bone matrix is added to the external surface, osteoclasts remove matrix in the center of the bone to enlarge the cavity

How does an epiphysis contribute to the growth and function of a long bone?

It allows growth at the metaphysis while retaining the shape of the articular surface.

Which of the following is (are) true of the growth of the skeleton?

It begins to ossify at six weeks of gestational age

Which statement about bone innervation is correct?

The periosteum and endosteum are innervated by sensory nerves

If a long bone found at an archeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate?

The person was prepubertal.

How do hormones regulate the pattern of bone growth?

They change the rates of osteoblast and osteoclast activity

What is the fate of the chondrocytes that are present where bone is forming?

They die and are replaced by bone cells

Extra bones that develop between the usual bones of the skull are called

Wormian bones and sutural bones

A break in a bone is called

a fracture

Acromegaly is

abnormal thickening of the bones without stress

Deposition of the ground substance of bone is mostly by the process of

calcification

Organic components of the matrix of bone include

calcium carbonate and collagen fibers

The periosteum

covers the outside of bones

Which of the following is not a classification of bone?

round

The two types of osseous tissue are

spongy and compact bone

Bone remodeling occurs in

spongy bone and compact bone

The function of an osteoblast in osseous tissue is

to produce new bone matrix

Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony spines called

trabeculae

Processes that form where tendons or ligaments attach to a bone include

trochanters, tuberosities, and tubercles

A small, rounded projection of a bone is called a

tubercle

Bones have a vascular supply that is

very extensive, including many arteries and veins branching throughout the bone