Measurement of Indicators

Levels of Data Examples

Did you wear face mask last week?; How often did you wear face mask last week? (Often, Sometimes, Seldom, Never); How many days did you wear face mask?; Place in order of least important to most important the following environmental concerns - acid rain, recycling, pollution; What was the approximate temperature when you got up this morning?; How old are you? 0-20 years, 21-40 years, 41-60 years, 61+ years; The last time it was checked, what was your blood pressure?; How old were you (in years) on your last birthday?

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Measurement Instrument

Tests, Questionnaire, Scales

Measurement

The process of applying numerical or narrative data from an instrument or other data-yielding tools to objects, events, or people.

In-class activity

Visit the following website and find relevant measures for your program indicators

Levels of Measurement

Nominal - data into categories; mutually exclusive; categories are exhaustive; Ordinal - data into categories; mutually exclusive and exhaustive; rank ordered; can't measure distance between categories; Interval - (numerical data) data into categories; mutually exclusive and exhaustive; rank orders; can measure distance between categories; no absolute zero; Ratio - (numerical data) data into categories; mutually exclusive and exhaustive; rank orders; can measure distance between categories; there is an absolute zero. The levels are hierarchical in nature and will dictate what statistical test can be used to analyze them.

Types of measures

Quantitative - numerical/numericized data; Qualitative - data collected with the use of narrative and observational approaches.