Med micro exam 2

Which of the following organisms should you suspect in a case of fatal fulminant meningoencephalitis of a 7 year old boy from swimming in a pond?

N. fowleri

Negri bodies are diagnostic for what disease?

Rabies virus

What is the vector for Diphyllobothriasis?

fish

what is the head region of tape worm called?

scolex

What foods can you catch vibrio parahemolyticus?

seafood and raw shellfish

Yellow Fever

- flavivirus -Fever and jaundice

What is located in peters patches and are phagocytic epithelial cells known as "Achilles heel" of the guy?

M cells

What is the shape of PrPsc?

beta-pleated sheet

what is the most common cause of travelers diarrhea?

enterotoxigenic E. coli

what species of fluke is resistant to the common parasitic drug praziquantel?

fasciola heptica

West nile

flavivirus -Fever, septic meningitis, encephalitis - Elderly and flaccid paralysis

trench mouth is cause by what?

fusobacterium and (borrelia) treponema vincentiii

What is the first stage of African sleeping sickness?

heamolymphatic phase

Western Equine virus

horse, quail, turkey Children higher risk

Listera -

in utero get the infection - unpasteurized milks or cheese

Which route of infection is most common for Acanthamoeba,

inhalation

Rabies belongs to what family?

rhabdoviridae

what virus what spoked wheel appearance?

rotavirus

what is the most common cause off infantile gastroenteritis?

rotavirus diarrhea

Dengue fever

- Ae. Aegypti - flavivirus family -Breakbone fever -Bone crusher -4 grades -immune enhancer

Identify the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii

Domesticated cats

what causes amebiasis?

Entamoeba histolytica

Trypanosomiasis - African sleeping sickness

- Chagas Parasite - trypanosoma brucei -Tsetse fly -Winterbottom's sign -Triatomidae - kissing bugs - granuloma

California serogroup encephalitis

- bunyavirus family Commoner in eastern US -Children at higher risk -La Crosse - SC

Strep Group B

- infected birth canal

A young man who had traveled extensively in Britain developed neurological disease and at autopsy Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (also known as 'Mad cow disease' and 'New-variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease') was confirmed. If the infectious agent were isolated from the patient's brain tissue, which phrase below would best describe it?

A single protein, encoded by a human gene

An 18 year old college student awakens in the middle of the night with a severe headache. During the next few hours, it gets worse and she can't think clearly. Her roommate is concerned of her worsening disposition and takes her to the acute care facility. On presentation she is in acute distress, has a stiff neck, and a conjunctival petechiae are noted bilaterally. Also have compromised memory and cognition, and seizures may occur. 43. What is the diagnosis?

Acute bacterial meningitis

. Being bitten by a tsetse fly (genus Glossina) would transmit which of the following disease:

African sleeping sickness

A 23 year old man is plowing a field on a hillside. The tractor strikes a large rock and tips over, pinning him underneath. The ground is muddy, and he is able to work his way free. He discovers a deep, penetrating puncture wound on his calf. He walks home and washes the soil of the wound site and puts a bandage over it. A week later the wound is healing, and the leg is not swollen, but he begins to experience generalized muscle spasms, with stiffness and pain in his shoulders and back. He has difficulty with eating and swallowing, with painful jaw and facial muscles.

Clostridium tetani

An 18 year old man has fever, stiff neck, headache, and difficulty speaking; he rapidly passes into a coma. CSF shows no signs of bacterial or fungal infections by contains many lymphocytes. A brain biopsy is ordered, principally to confirm or rule out Herpes simplex virus (HSV) as the cause of illness. Why is it important to distinguish HSV encephalitis from that caused by other viruses?

Drugs exist for treatment of HSV encephalitis

poliomyelitis

Feco-oral, GI tract

Prion diseases infect nervous tissue and cause vacuolations in the tissue by

Forcing the conformational change of normal PrPc to Prp sc

what can lead to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?

JC virus

What is the etiologic agent of PML - Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy?

JC- virus

Spongiform encephalopathies - Prion's disease

Kuru - tremors, ataxia, weakness, amyloid plaques -CJD - spongiform -Scrapie - glial proliferation, loss of muscular control -Bovine - Mad cow PrPres or PrPsc

What if... for instance... the CSF samples showed decreased glucose and increased WBC's (95% PMN) with Gram (-) diplococci on gram stain, and the organism was recovered from blood, what would the etiologic agent?

Neisseria meningitides

A child is immunized against Polio with the killed-virus (Salk) vaccine. This vaccine produces immunity to Polio by stimulating production of neutralizing antibody. What is the location of the epitopes bound by these neutralizing antibodies

Nucleocapsid proteins

A 68 year old woman begins to suffer from motor and cognitive difficulties and, after seven months of progressive decline, dies. On the autopsy, in sections of brain tissue, there is prominent vacuolar degeneration of tissue and amyloid deposits, but no evidence of inflammation. What is the cause of death?

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (JC Virus) NOTE- PML is caused by the JC virus, which travels to the brain, infects multiple sites, and destroys the cells that make myelin - the fatty protective covering for many of the body's nerve and brain cells. Symptoms include various types of mental deterioration, vision loss, speech disturbances, ataxia (inability to coordinate movements), paralysis, brain lesions, and, ultimately, coma. Some individuals may

Which shigellosis species is associated with reactive arthritis?

S. flexneri

Which of the following could be a fatal long term consequence of the above organisms?

SSPE (Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis)

Your patient is a young woman who wishes to become pregnant. Because of the risk to the fetus in a primary infection of a non-immune mother, for what parasitic protozoan should you check her immune status?

Toxoplasma gondii

A missionary returning from work in Central America is at risk of being bitten by an arthropod carrying which of the following protozoa?

Trypanosoma cruzi

what is the vector for African sleeping sickness?

Tseste fly

what are two types of fimbriae of actinomyces viscosous

Type 1- bind to saliva type 2 bind to strep

A 64 year old man has a history of chronic neurological symptoms over the preceding eight months, memory, cognition, and motor control are all affected. If this is Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, what would you expect to observe in a brain biopsy?

Vacuolar degeneration of tissue

A 38 year old man came to the office with a chief complaint of jaw discomfort and inability to open his mouth fully for 3 days. He also said he had struck his right shin with a hammer 10 days earlier while attempting to fix his lawn mower. The hammer penetrated deeply through the skin, and although the wound hurt and bled, he had not sought medical attention. Seven days after the original insult, he started noticing jaw discomfort and the inability to open his mouth completely. On the 3rd day of this discomfort, his wife urged him to seek medical attention. The patient had no history of medical or surgical procedures, he had no known allergies, and was not taking medications. The diagnosis of this disease can only be made on clinical grounds. What is the diagnosis?

Wound tetanus

what has gram + rod, and plays a role in periodontal disease?

actinobacillus (& actinomyces viscosous)

what are 3, anaerobic gram +, non-spore forming bacilli?

actinomycese, bifidobacterium, and lactobacillus

What are the most important samples you should obtain?

both blood and CSF

A 55 year old woman developed diplopia, one day after eating home canned fruit. (Diplopia = double vision, from inability to coordinate the direction of gaze of the eyes.) A few hours later she develops difficulty speaking, bilateral weakness of her arms, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, blurred vision, and dry mouth. However she is alert, oriented, and has no fever. Choose the best diagnosis:

botulism

A cyanotic, listless, infant with extremely poor muscle tone is brought to the Emergency Room. Which condition is most likely?

botulism

what is the most common cause of GERD?

candida albincans

what is apthous stomatitis ?

canker sore

Romana's sign is indicative of what diseasE?

chaga's disease

What causes gastroenteritis due to use of antibiotic clindamycin ?

clostridium difficile

What is the most common prion disease?

creutzfeldt-jakob disease

What is the shape and stain of campylobacter jejuni?

curved gram - rods

T. cruzi

cutaneous stage

what is the #1 causative agent of sub-acute endocarditis?

dental infection

what is the leading cause of death in child?

diarrheal disease

what are the earliest colonizers of the mouth?

different species of strep

An 8 year old boy with a slight cold and temperature of 101* F, is complaining of headache and slight pain in the neck, and was taken to the office of a man who was not a physician. Local heat and manipulation of the cervical spine produced some relief. Ten grams of aspirin reduced the temperature to 100* F over 3 hours. The child vomited once before going to bed that night. The following morning his temperature was 103* F and he was sleepy. His mother decided to permit him to stay in bed at his request. At noon, he could not be aroused, and a physician was called. He found a comatose boy with a rapid pulse, nuchal rigidity, and a positive Kernig's sign.What is the Dx?

lumbar puncture NOTE- A lumbar puncture is needed immediately because this is most likely either viral or bacterial meningitis. White blood cell count is 10,000, with 75% polymorphonucleocytes. Glucose level is reduced. Urinalysis and BUN are normal. Spinal fluid is turbid. Smears of the spinal fluid reveal gram-positive cocci in pairs or chains. DX- meningococcus

12 year old boy comes to the pediatrician presenting with brassy cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, fever, malaise, and photophobia. History of present illness reveals that a few days ago his mother found minute, whitish spots over the buccal / labial mucosa that rapidly increased in number and coalesced. Red, morbilliform, blanching rash. Labratory: Unsegmented ssRNA with a helical nucleocapsid on viral isolation in the tissue culture. what is your Dx?

measles NOTE- Unsegmented ssRNA with a nucleocapsid that causes Koplik spots is the Measles virus.

how is giardiasis different from amebiasis and bacterial dysentery?

no blood, mucus, or PMN in stool, and no agranulocytosis and fever

What is the most sever form of necrotizing stomatitis?

noma, cause by fusobacterium necrophorum

What is a known lung fluke?

paragonimus westermani

what is the vector for hymenolepis nana?

small rodents

Colorado

tick Fever - reovirus -Common, rarely reported -DDx Rocky mountain fever

Rubella -->

togavirus

What pathogen are cats vectors for?

toxoplasmosis ghondii

A 72 year old woman, a resident of Atlantic County, NJ, develops signs and symptoms of viral encephalitis. Serology confirms the pathogen as Eastern equine encephalitis virus. Which line in the table below correctly identifies the environmental reservoir and vector of this virus? Reservoir Vector

wild birds -mosquito