med surg exam 4
An x-ray demonstrates a fracture in which a bone has splintered into several pieces. Which type of fracture is this?
Comminuted
A client with arterial insufficiency undergoes below-knee amputation of the right leg. Which action should the nurse include in the postoperative care plan?
Elevating the stump for the first 24 hours
A client sustains a fractured right humerus in an automobile accident. The arm is edematous, the client states that he cannot feel or move his fingers, and the nurse does not feel a pulse. What condition should the nurse be concerned about that requires emergency measures?
Compartment syndrome
A client who has extremity right wrist fracture complains of severe burning pain, frequent changes in the skin from hot and dry to cold, and feeling clammy skin that is shiny and growing more hair in the injured extremity. The nurse should anticipate providing care for?
Complex regional pain syndrome
Colles fracture occurs in which area?
Distal radius
A nurse is planning the care of a client with osteomyelitis that resulted from a diabetic foot ulcer. The client requires a transmetatarsal amputation. When planning the client's postoperative care, which of the following nursing diagnoses should the nurse most likely include in the plan of care?
Disturbed Body Image
Which factor may contribute to compartment syndrome?
Hemorrhage
The nurse is monitoring a patient who sustained a fracture of the left hip. The nurse should be aware that which kind of shock can be a complication of this type of injury?
Hypovolemic
A patient sustains an open fracture with extensive soft tissue damage. The nurse determines that this fracture would be classified as what grade?
III
Which factor inhibits fracture healing?
Local malignancy
The critical care nurse is monitoring her patient's urine output and drainage from tubes inserted intraoperatively. What would the nurse promptly report to the physician?
absent drainage
A client is involved in a motorcycle accident and injures his arm. The physician diagnoses the man with an intra-articular fracture and splints the injury. The nurse implements the teaching plan developed for this client. What sequela of intra-articular fractures should the nurse describe regarding this client?
Posttraumatic arthritis
Which of the following is a term used to describe excessive nitrogenous waste in the blood, as seen in acute glomerulonephritis?
azotemia
The kidneys are responsible for performing all the following functions EXCEPT?
maintaining cortisol production because this is produced by the adrenal glands not the kidneys
what is the most common clinical manifestation of acute renal failure?
oliguria
a nurse is caring for a client who has acute glomerulonephritis. the nurse should plan to provide which of the following interventions?
weight the client daily
A bone graft may be used for which of the following reasons? Select all that apply.
Joint stabilization Defect filling Stimulation of bone healing
A rehabilitation nurse is working with a client who has had a below-the-knee amputation. In order to determine the client's ability to be an active participant in self-care, the nurse should prioritize assessment of what variable?
The client's attitude
A client has a fractured femur and is being seen in the emergency department. The nurse assessing the area notices there is a grating sound that is suspected to be bone ends moving over one another. This would be called
crepitus.
An x-ray demonstrates a fracture in which the fragments of bone are driven inward. This type of fracture is referred to as
depressed.
The nurse is caring for a client who was involved in an automobile accident and sustained multiple trauma. The client has a Volkmann's contracture to the right hand. What objective data does the nurse document related to this finding?
Claw-like deformity of the right hand without ability to extend fingers
With fractures of the femoral neck, the leg is
shortened, adducted, and externally rotated.
A nurse is caring for a renal patient in the dieresis period of ARF. What must the patient be observed closely for during this phase?
Dehydration
Which of the following would lead a nurse to suspect that a client has a rotator cuff tear?
Difficulty lying on affected side
The nurse caring for a client, who has been treated for a hip fracture, instructs the client not to cross their legs and to have someone assist with tying their shoes. Which additional instruction should the nurse provide to client?
Do not flex the hip more than 90 degrees.
A teenage client is brought to the clinic by a parent and reports pain in the arm. The client is a member of a high school crew team and practices for 2 ½ hours every day after school. Which of the following would the nurse suspect?
Epicondylitis
When is it advisable for the nurse to apply heat to a sprain or a contusion?
After 2 days
Which is not one of the general nursing measures employed when caring for the client with a fracture?
cranial nerve assessment
A client who plays tennis is experiencing elbow discomfort. Following assessment, the client receives a diagnosis of tendinitis, epicondylitis, or tennis elbow. What symptoms and signs did the client have? Select all that apply.
pain radiating down the dorsal surface of the forearm weak grasp
what kidney disease is genetic in nature and leads to kidney failure
polycystic kidney disease
After a car accident, a client is admitted to an acute care facility with multiple traumatic injuries, including a fractured pelvis. For 24 to 48 hours after the accident, the nurse must monitor the client closely for which potential complication of a fractured pelvis?
Fat embolism
The nurse assesses subtle personality changes, restlessness, irritability, and confusion in a client who has sustained a fracture. The nurse suspects which complication?
Fat embolism syndrome
Radiographs of a boy's upper arm show that the humerus appears to be fractured on one side and slightly bent on the other. This diagnostic result suggests what type of fracture?
Greenstick
Which term refers to a fracture in which one side of a bone is broken and the other side is bent?
Greenstick
The nurse is required to design a teaching plan for a client with a ruptured Achilles tendon. What education will the nurse provide?
Activity restrictions
A client who was injured while playing basketball reports an extremely painful elbow, which is very edematous. What type of injury has the client experienced?
sprain
A client with a fracture develops compartment syndrome that requires surgical intervention. What treatment will the nurse would most likely prepare the client for?
Fasciotomy
When providing discharge teaching to a client with a fractured toe, the nurse should include which instruction?
Apply ice to the fracture site
An older adult client slipped on an area rug at home and fractured the left hip. The client is unable to have surgery immediately and is having severe pain. What interventions should the nurse provide for the patient to minimize energy loss in response to pain?
Administer prescribed analgesics around-the-clock.
Emergency medical technicians transport a client to the emergency department and inform the nurse that the client fell from a two-story building. The comatose client has a large contusion on the left side of the chest, a hematoma in the left parietal area, and a compound fracture of the left femur. The client was intubated and is maintaining an arterial oxygen saturation of 92% by pulse oximeter with a manual-resuscitation bag. Which intervention by the nurse has the highest priority?
Assessing the left leg
The type of fracture described as having one side of the bone broken and the other side bent would be
greenstick.
Which term refers to an injury to ligaments and other soft tissues surrounding a joint?
Sprain
Which may occur if a client experiences compartment syndrome in an upper extremity?
Volkmann's contracture
in chronic renal failure, decreased glomerular filtration leads to?
increased BUN increased urine pH
A client who has injured a hip in a fall cannot place weight on the leg and is in significant pain. After radiographs indicate intact yet malpositioned bones, what repair would the physician perform?
joint manipulation and immobilization
The nurse advises a 36-year-old patient who suffered a severe wrist sprain subsequent to a fall that she can begin progressive passive and active exercises in:
1 to 3 weeks.
An 82-year-old female is brought to the clinic by her daughter for transient episodes of incontinence. While assessing this patient, what question should be a priority for the nurse to ask the patient and the family?
Has there been a change in other systems of the body?
A patient sustains a fracture of the arm. When does the nurse anticipate pendulum exercise should begin?
As soon as tolerated, after a reasonable period of immobilization
Which term refers to a break in the continuity of a bone?
Fracture
Which nursing intervention is appropriate for monitoring the client for the development of Volkmann's contracture?
Assess the radial pulse.
If a dislocation is not treated promptly, tissue death due to anoxia can occur. This would be documented as which of the following?
Avascular necrosis (AVN)
Which type of fracture is one in which the skin or mucous membrane wound extends to the fractured bone?
Compound
The nurse coming on shift is taking a report on four patients. What patient does the nurse know is a greatest risk for developing ESRD?
Diabetes with poorly controlled HTN
A nursing instructor is talking with her clinical group about patients with acute glomerulonephritis. The instructor tells the students that the patient may exhibit which of the following clinical manifestations?
Hematuria
A client with metastatic bone cancer sustained a left hip fracture without injury. What type of fracture does the nurse understand occurs without trauma or fall?
Pathologic fracture
A client has presented to the emergency department with an injury to the wrist. The client is diagnosed with a third-degree strain. Why would the health care provider prescribe an x-ray of the wrist?.
Avulsion fractures are associated with third-degree strains.
The femur fracture that commonly leads to avascular necrosis or nonunion because of an abundant supply of blood vessels in the area is a fracture of the:
Femoral neck.
a client has undergone the creation of an ileal conduit. which of the following instructions to the client about urostomy care would be appropriate to include in the teaching plan?
cleanse the skin around the stoma using gentle soap and water, rinse, and dry well.
A client with a recent left above-the-knee amputation states, "I can feel pain in my left toes." Which is the best response by the nurse?
"Describe the pain and rate it on the pain scale."
A client asks the nurse why his residual limb cannot be elevated on a pillow. What is the best response by the nurse?
"Elevating the leg might lead to a flexion contracture."
A client undergoes a total hip replacement. Which statement made by the client indicates to the nurse that the client requires further teaching?
"I don't know if I'll be able to get off that low toilet seat at home by myself."
A client has sustained a right tibial fracture and has just had a cast applied. Which instruction should the nurse provide in client cast care?
"Keep your right leg elevated above heart level."
The client scheduled for a Syme amputation is concerned about the ability to eventually stand on the amputated extremity. How should the nurse best respond to the client's concern?
"You will eventually be able to withstand full weight-bearing after the amputation."
A 14-year-old client is treated in the emergency room for an acute knee sprain sustained during a soccer game. The nurse reviews discharge instructions with the client's parent. The nurse instructs the parent that the acute inflammatory stage will last how long?
24 to 48 hours
A client with cancer of the bladder has just returned to the unit from the PACU after surgery to create an ileal conduit. The client weighs 60 kg. The nurse is monitoring the client's urine output hourly and notifies the health care provider when the hourly output is less than what?
30 ml/hr
The nurse is caring for a patient after arthroscopic surgery for a rotator cuff tear. The nurse informs the patient that full activity can usually resume after what period of time?
6 to 12 months
A nurse is discussing hemodialysis with a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should identify that hemodialysis is contraindicated for which of the following clients?
A client who cannot receive anticoagulants
A nurse is caring for a client who has received hemodialysis. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings places the client at risk for seizures?
A rapid decrease in fluid
Which is one of the most common causes of death in clients diagnosed with fat emboli syndrome?
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
A nurse is caring for a client who has sustained ligament and a meniscal injury to the knee. Which action would be most appropriate to allow the client to progress without causing further injury?
Assist with a gradual introduction of activity.
An emergency department client is diagnosed with a hip dislocation. The client's family is relieved that the client has not suffered a hip fracture, but the nurse explains that this is still considered to be a medical emergency. What is the rationale for the nurse's statement?
Avascular necrosis may develop at the site if it is not promptly resolved.
A client reports to the emergency department after experiencing pain in the left arm. The client reports having extended both arms in an attempt to prevent a fall. Which fracture type does the nurse anticipate?
Colles fracture
A client comes to the emergency department and reports localized pain and swelling in the lower leg. Ecchymotic areas are noted. History reveals that the client got hit in the leg with a baseball bat. What will the nurse most likely suspect?
Contusion
Which of the following is a term used to describe a soft tissue injury produced by a blunt force?
Contusion
A client was climbing a ladder, slipped on a rung, and fell on the right side of the chest. X-ray studies reveal three rib fractures, and the client reports pain with inspiration. What is the anticipated treatment for this client?
Coughing and deep breathing with pillow splinting
A 52-year-old client is scheduled to undergo ileal conduit surgery. When planning this client's discharge education, what is the most plausible nursing diagnosis that the nurse should address?
Deficient knowledge related to care of the ileal conduit
Which general nursing measure is used for a client with a fracture reduction?
Encourage participation in ADLs
A nurse is performing a shift assessment on an elderly client who is recovering after surgery for a hip fracture. The client reports chest pain, has an increased heart rate, and increased respiratory rate. The nurse further notes that the client is febrile and hypoxic, coughing, and producing large amounts of thick, white sputum. The nurse recognizes that this is a medical emergency and calls for assistance, recognizing that this client is likely demonstrating symptoms of what complication?
Fat embolism syndrome
While riding a bicycle on a narrow road, the patient was hit from behind and thrown into a ditch, sustaining a pelvic fracture. What complications does the nurse know to monitor for that are common to pelvic fractures?
Hemorrhage and shock
When caring for a client with a fracture, what assessment would take priority?
Neurovascular compromise
A nurse is caring for a client who underwent a total hip replacement. What should the nurse and other caregivers do to prevent dislocation of the new prosthesis?
Prevent internal rotation of the affected leg.
What assessment findings of the leg are consistent with a fracture of the femoral neck?
Shortened, adducted, and externally rotated
Which of the following are associated with compartment syndrome? Select all that apply.
Trauma from accidents Surgery Casts Tight bandages Crushing injuries
The nurse is caring for a patient that is 85-year-old and is experiencing urinary incontinence. the nurse is aware that?
Urinary incontinence is not a consequence of aging.
A patient is being seen in the clinic for possible kidney disease. What major sensitive indicator of kidney disease does the nurse anticipate the patient will be tested for?
creatinine clearance
A client has been in a motor vehicle collision. Radiographs indicate a fractured humerus; the client is awaiting the casting of the upper extremity and admission to the orthopedic unit. What is the primary treatment for musculoskeletal trauma?
immobilization
your patient is being discharged on Fosamax, a bisphosphonate. during discharge teaching, you know that the most important instruction to give the patient is?
take in the morning with a full glass of water
The client with chronic renal failure is undergoing peritoneal dialysis. He asks why the nurse monitors his blood glucose levels. Which of the following will be the most appropriate response by the nurse?
the dialysate contains glucose
A client who has suffered a compound fracture is preparing for discharge to home. During the teaching session, the client asks why he needs antibiotics for a broken bone. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
"Antibiotic therapy has been prescribed as a precaution because your bone was exposed to the environment at the time of your injury."
A client is treated in the emergency department for acute muscle strain in the left leg caused by trying a new exercise. During discharge preparation, the nurse should provide which instruction?
"Apply ice packs for the first 24 to 48 hours, then apply heat packs."
A patient with ESRD is scheduled for his first hemodialysis treatment. The patient asks the nurse what common complications may occur from the treatment. What would be the nurse's best reply?
"Hypotension and cramping may occur."
A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will decrease my intake of foods high in phosphorus."
A nurse's assessment of a client's knee reveals edema, tenderness, muscle spasms, and ecchymosis. The client states that 2 days ago he ran in a long-distance race and now it "really hurts to stand up." The nurse should plan care based on the belief that the client has experienced what?
A second-degree strain
Two days after surgery to amputate the left lower leg, a client reports pain in the missing extremity. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
Administer medication, as ordered, for the reported discomfort.
A client had an above-the-knee amputation of the left leg related to complications from peripheral vascular disease. The nurse enters the client's room and observes the dressing and bed covers saturated with blood. What is the first action by the nurse?
Apply a tourniquet.
A client has returned to the postsurgical unit from the PACU after an above-the-knee amputation of the right leg. Results of the nurse's initial postsurgical assessment were unremarkable but the client has called out. The nurse enters the room and observes copious quantities of blood at the surgical site. What should be the nurse's initial action?.
Apply a tourniquet.
A nurse in a busy emergency department provides care for many clients who present with contusions, strains, or sprains. What are treatment modalities that are common to all of these musculoskeletal injuries? Select all that apply.
Applying ice Compression dressings Resting the affected extremity Elevating the injured limb
A young client is being treated for a femoral fracture suffered in a snowboarding accident. The nurse's most recent assessment reveals that the client is uncharacteristically confused. What diagnostic test should be performed on this client?
Arterial blood gases
A client is transported to the emergency department for a femur fracture following a motor vehicle crash. What action by the nurse is the highest priority?
Assess vital signs and level of consciousness.
The nurse is caring for a patient with a pelvic fracture. What nursing assessment for a pelvic fracture should be included? (Select all that apply.)
Checking the urine for hematuria Palpating peripheral pulses in both lower extremities Testing the stool for occult blood
Which assessment findings would the nurse expect to find in the postoperative client experiencing fat embolism syndrome?
Column B
In a client with a dislocation, the nurse should initially perform neurovascular assessments a minimum of every 15 minutes until stable. Which complication does the assessments help the nurse to monitor?
Compartment syndrome
A client is admitted to the emergency room after being hit by a car while riding a bicycle. The client sustained a fracture of the left femur, and the bone is protruding through the skin. What type of fracture does the nurse recognize requires emergency intervention?
Compound
A nurse admits a client who has a fracture of the nose that has resulted in a skin tear and involvement of the mucous membranes of the nasal passages. The orthopedic nurse should plan to care for what type of fracture?
Compound
A client comes to the emergency department complaining of localized pain and swelling of his lower leg. Ecchymotic areas are noted. History reveals that the client got hit in the leg with a baseball bat. Which of the following would the nurse suspect as most likely?
Contusion
Which of the following disorders results in widespread hemorrhage and microthrombosis with ischemia?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Mrs. M has been admitted to the medical unit with a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. Her potential for impaired skin integrity is related to?
Edema
The primary nursing intervention that will control swelling while treating a musculoskeletal injury is:
Elevate the affected area.
The nurse is caring for a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter. The nurse is aware that what nursing action helps prevent infection in a patient with an indwelling catheter?
Empty the drainage bag at least every 8 hours.
A client is being treated for a fractured hip and the nurse is aware of the need to implement interventions to prevent muscle wasting and other complications of immobility. What intervention best addresses the client's need for exercise?
Encouraging frequent use of the over-bed trapeze
A client with a simple arm fracture is receiving discharge education from the nurse. What would the nurse instruct the client to do?
Engage in exercises that strengthen the unaffected muscles.
A client with a right below-the-knee amputation is being transferred from the postanesthesia care unit to a medical-surgical unit. What is the highest priority nursing intervention by the receiving nurse?
Ensure that a large tourniquet is in the room.
The nurse is providing care for a client who has had a below-the-knee amputation. The nurse enters the client's room and finds the client resting in bed with his residual limb supported on pillow. What is the nurse's most appropriate action?
Explain the risks of flexion contracture to the client.
A patient sustained an open fracture of the femur 24 hours ago. While assessing the patient, the nurse observes the patient is having difficulty breathing, and oxygen saturation decreases to 88% from a previous 99%. What does the nurse understand is likely occurring with this patient?
Fat emboli
A classic indicator of edema and alveolar hemorrhage associated with FES is:
Hyperventilation.
The nurse is monitoring a patient who sustained an open fracture of the left hip. What type of shock should the nurse be aware can occur with this type of injury?
Hypovolemic
A patient has suffered a femoral shaft fracture in an industrial accident. What is an immediate nursing concern for this patient?
Hypovolemic shock
Radiographic evaluation of a client's fracture reveals that a bone fragment has been driven into another bone fragment. The nurse identifies this as which type of fracture?
Impacted
Which type of fracture occurs when a bone fragment is driven into another bone fragment?
Impacted
Which nursing diagnosis is the most appropriate for a client with a strained ankle?
Impaired physical mobility
A client has come to the orthopedic clinic for a follow-up appointment 6 weeks after fracturing his ankle. Diagnostic imaging reveals that bone union is not taking place. What factor may have contributed to this complication?
Inadequate immobilization
A nurse is assigned to support a patient while a cast is being applied to treat a greenstick fracture. The nurse documents that this fracture is classified as what type of fracture?
Incomplete
Which type of fracture involves a break through only part of the cross-section of the bone?
Incomplete
An emergency department nurse is assessing a 17-year-old soccer player who presented with a knee injury. The client's description of the injury indicates that his knee was struck medially while his foot was on the ground. The nurse knows that the client likely has experienced what injury?
Lateral collateral ligament injury
The nurse is teaching the client to perform peritoneal dialysis. The nurse reviews which essential action that will help to prevent the major complication of peritoneal dialysis
Maintain strict aseptic technique during connection and disconnection
A newly licensed nurse and a nurse preceptor are caring for a client who has just had an arteriovenous shunt placed in her left arm. Which of the following actions by the newly licensed nurse requires intervention by the preceptor?
Measuring blood pressure in the shunted arm every 4 hr
A client has sustained a long bone fracture and the nurse is preparing the client's care plan. Which of the following should the nurse include in the care plan?
Monitor temperature and pulses of the affected extremity.
A client has been diagnosed with a rotator cuff tear. What are the options for treating this condition? Select all that apply.
NSAIDs activity modification and joint rest arthroscopic surgery
Elderly clients who fall are most at risk for which injuries?
Pelvic fractures
What nursing intervention should the nurse prioritize to facilitate healing in a client who has suffered a hip fracture?
Place a pillow between the client's legs when turning.
A 75-year-old client had surgery for a left hip fracture yesterday. When completing the plan of care, the nurse should include assessment for which complications? Select all that apply.
Pneumonia Skin breakdown Sepsis Delirium
A client who has had an amputation is being cared for by a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team. What is the primary goal of this multidisciplinary team?
Promote the client's highest possible level of function
A client with a traumatic amputation of the right lower leg is refusing to look at the leg. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
Provide feedback on the client's strengths and available resources.
A nurse is planning the care of an older adult client who will soon be discharged home after treatment for a fractured hip. In an effort to prevent future fractures, the nurse should encourage what actions? Select all that apply.
Regular bone density testing A high-calcium diet Use of falls prevention precautions Weight-bearing exercise
A 55-year-old male patient is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with a presumptive diagnosis of renal stones. While assessing the patient you note increased tenderness over the costovertebral area. The patient complains of increased pain and nausea, and then has an episode of vomiting. You know that these symptoms are indicative of what?
Renal colic Renal colic is a type of pain you get when urinary stones block part of your urinary tract.
A client sprains an ankle while playing tennis and is brought to the emergency department. What is the priority action by the nurse?
Rest, ice, compression, and elevation
A nurse is writing a care plan for a client admitted to the emergency department (ED) with an open fracture. The nurse will assign priority to what nursing diagnosis for a client with an open fracture of the radius?
Risk for Infection
Which nursing diagnosis is a priority for a client with a traumatically amputated lower extremity?
Risk for injury related to amputation
Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries is manifested by acromioclavicular joint pain?
Rotator cuff tears
A client reports pain in the right knee, stating, "My knee got twisted when I was going down the stairs." The client was diagnosed with an injury to the ligaments and tendons of the right knee. Which terminology, documented by the nurse, best reflects the injury?
Sprain
A client sustains an injury to the ligaments surrounding a joint. What will the nurse identify this injury as?
Sprain
Which of the following nursing actions is most important in caring for the client following lithotripsy?
Strain the urine carefully for stone fragments.
An adult is swinging a small child by the arms, and the child screams and grabs his left arm. It is determined in the emergency department that the radial head is partially dislocated. What is this partially dislocated radial head documented as?
Subluxation
A client is diagnosed with a first-degree strain of the left ankle related to running 5 miles daily. How would the nurse differentiate the first-degree strain from other strains and sprains?
The client has some edema of the left ankle with muscle spasms but is able to walk without
A client arrives in the emergency room complaining of severe pain in her left hip after falling out of the bed. What indication upon assessment does the nurse recognize as a dislocated left hip? Select all that apply.
The left leg is shorter than the right. Limited range of motion of the left hip. The skin of the lower left leg is pale.
A client is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after stepping in a hole and falling. While assessing him the nurse notes that his right leg is shorter than his left leg; his right hip is noticeably deformed and he is in acute pain. Imaging does not reveal a fracture. What is the most plausible explanation for this client's signs and symptoms?
Traumatic hip dislocation
A nurse is preparing to discharge an emergency department client who has been fitted with a sling to support her arm after a clavicle fracture. What should the nurse instruct the client to do?
Use the arm for light activities within the range of motion.
A patient falls while skiing and sustains a supracondylar fracture. What does the nurse know is the most serious complication of a supracondylar fracture of the humerus?
Volkmann's ischemic contracture
A client sustains an injury to the left ankle when he fell down three steps. There was immediate swelling and pain from the injury, and the client was taken to the local emergency department. What initial test does the nurse anticipate the physician will order to rule out a fracture?
X-ray
Which of the following anti-hypertensive medications is contraindicated for clients with renal insufficiency?
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
A client who has fallen and injured a hip cannot place weight on the leg and is in significant pain. After radiographs indicate intact but malpositioned bones, what would the physician diagnose?
dislocation
the nurse is caring for a patient in acute renal failure. The nurse should expect hypertonic glucose, insulin infusions, and sodium bicarbonate to be used to treat:
hyperkalemia
The nurse is caring for a patient after kidney surgery. What major danger should the nurse closely monitor for?
hypovolemic shock caused by hemorrhage
A fracture is considered pathologic when it
occurs through an area of diseased bone.
A patient is receiving patient education prior to beginning continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. What would the nurse teach the patient that the most common complication associated with this procedure is?
peritonitis
A client is experiencing pain, joint instability, and difficulty walking due to an injury to the knee ligaments. The injury was judged not to require surgery. Which intervention would not be included in this client's care?
traction
The nurse is assessing a client's knee. The area has a grating sensation. What would this be documented as?
Crepitus
The RICE acronym is helpful for remembering treatment interventions for musculoskeletal injuries. Which of the following are components of the RICE acronym? Select all that apply.
Rest Ice Compression Elevation
After surgery to treat a hip fracture, a client returns from the postanesthesia care unit to the medical-surgical unit. Postoperatively, how should the nurse position the client?
With the leg on the affected side abducted
When the client who has experienced trauma to an extremity reports severe burning pain, vasomotor changes, and muscles spasms in the injured extremity, the nurse recognizes that the client is likely demonstrating signs of
complex regional pain syndrome.
A client is brought to the emergency department after being struck with a baseball bat on the upper arm while diving for a pitched ball. Diagnostic tests reveal that the humerus is not broken but that the client has suffered another type of injury. What type of injury would the physician likely diagnose?
contusion
A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client who must undergo an above-the-knee amputation of the left leg. After a leg amputation, exercise of the remaining limb: .
should begin the day after surgery.
A 42-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of occasional urinary incontinence when she sneezes. The clinic nurse should recognize what type of incontinence?
stress incontinence
A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic kidney disease and has completed her third peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
cloudy dialysate
A client has been diagnosed with a muscle strain. What does the physician mean with the term "strain"?
stretched or pulled beyond its capacity
A professional tennis player comes to the orthopedic clinic and informs the nurse that he is having pain that radiates down the forearm and is unable to grasp the racket firmly. What does the nurse suspect is occurring with the client?
Epicondylitis
Which nursing intervention is essential in caring for a client with compartment syndrome?
Removing all external sources of pressure, such as clothing and jewelry
Six weeks after an above-the-knee amputation (AKA), a client returns to the outpatient office for a routine postoperative checkup. During the nurse's assessment, the client reports symptoms of phantom pain. What should the nurse tell the client to do to reduce the discomfort of the phantom pain?
Take opioid analgesics as prescribed
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving hemodialysis three times weekly. The patient has had surgery to form an arteriovenous fistula. What is most important for the nurse to be aware of when providing care for this patient?
Taking a BP reading on the affected arm can damage the fistula.
Many orthopedic-related injuries occur while participating in sports or in the workplace. Which elements would be included in client and family teaching aiming at prevention?
All options are correct.
A client with chronic renal failure has been prescribed calcium carbonate. What is the rationale for this particular medication?
it is a phosphate binder
which of the following is an expected finding in the client with chronic renal failure?
anemia