Med surg prep u #2
A client undergoes a total laryngectomy and tracheostomy formation. On discharge, the nurse should give which instruction to the client and family?
"Family members should continue to talk to the client."
A client is being discharged from an outpatient surgery center following a tonsillectomy. What instruction should the nurse give to the client?
"Gargle with a warm salt solution."
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) expresses a desire to quit smoking. The first appropriate response from the nurse is:
"Have you tried to quit smoking before?"
The nurse is reviewing pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) instructions with a client. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further instruction?
"I can't use a spacer or holding chamber with the MDI."
A nurse has just completed teaching with a client who has been prescribed a meter-dosed inhaler for the first time. Which statement if made by the client would indicate to the nurse that further teaching and follow-up care is necessary?
"I do not need to rinse my mouth with this type of inhaler."
A nurse is teaching a client with adrenal insufficiency about corticosteroids. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching?
"I may stop taking this medication when I feel better."
A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of sleep apnea. The client understands the disease process when he says:
"I should become involved in a weight loss program."
A client is taking glyburide (DiaBeta), 1.25 mg P.O. daily, to treat type 2 diabetes. Which statement indicates the need for further client teaching about managing this disease?
"I skip lunch when I don't feel hungry."
The nurse is obtaining a health history from a client with laryngitis. Which causative factor, stated by the client, is least likely?
"I was chewing ice chips all day long."
A client with type 1 diabetes has a highly elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) test result. In discussing the result with the client, the nurse is most accurate in stating:
"It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months." pg1467
A nurse is teaching a client recovering from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) about management of "sick days." The client asks the nurse why it is important to monitor the urine for ketones. Which statement is the nurse's best response?
"Ketones accumulate in the blood and urine when fat breaks down in the absence of insulin. Ketones signal an insulin deficiency that will cause the body to start breaking down stored fat for energy."
A patient has been placed on corticosteroid therapy for an Addison's disease. The nurse should be aware of which of the following side effects with this type of therapy? Select all that apply.
-Hypertension -Alterations in glucose metabolism -Poor wound healing
A patient who is 6 months' pregnant was evaluated for gestational diabetes mellitus. The doctor considered prescribing insulin based on the serum glucose result of:
138 mg/dL, 2 hours postprandial.
A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus about self-management of his condition. The nurse should instruct the client to administer 1 unit of insulin for every:
15 g of carbohydrates.
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes who exhibits confusion, light-headedness, and aberrant behavior. The client is conscious. The nurse should first administer:
15 to 20 g of a fast-acting carbohydrate such as orange juice.
After diagnosing a client with pulmonary tuberculosis, the physician tells family members that they must receive isoniazid (INH [Laniazid]) as prophylaxis against tuberculosis. The client's daughter asks the nurse how long the drug must be taken. What is the usual duration of prophylactic isoniazid therapy?
6 to 12 months
The nurse is educating a patient who will be started on an antituberculosis medication regimen. The patient asks the nurse, "How long will I have to be on these medications?" What should the nurse tell the patient?
6 to 12 months (602 pg)
The goal for oxygen therapy in COPD is to support tissue oxygenation, decrease the work of the cardiopulmonary system, and maintain the resting partial arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of at least ______ mm Hg and an arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) of at least ___%.
60 mm Hg; 90%
The nurse is aware that the best time of day for the total large corticosteroid dose is between:
7:00 AM and 8:00 AM
The nurse is caring for a patient with COPD. The patient is receiving oxygen therapy via nasal cannula. The nurse understands that the goal of oxygen therapy is to maintain the patient's SaO2 level at or above what percent?
90%
Which statement describes emphysema?
A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli
The nurse is caring for a respiratory client who uses a noninvasive positive pressure device. Which medical equipment does the nurse anticipate to find in the client's room?
A face mask
Which would be least likely to contribute to a case of hospital-acquired pneumonia?
A nurse washes her hands before beginning client care.
A nurse is administering a purified protein derivative (PPD) test to a client. Which statement concerning PPD testing is true?
A positive reaction indicates that the client has been exposed to the disease.
For a client with hyperthyroidism, treatment is most likely to include:
A) A thyroid hormone antagonist Thyroid hormone antagonists, which block thyroid hormone synthesis, combat increased production of thyroid hormone. Treatment of hyperthyroidism also may include radioiodine therapy, which destroys some thyroid gland cells, and surgery to remove part of the thyroid gland; both treatments decrease thyroid hormone production. Thyroid extract, synthetic thyroid hormone, and emollient lotions are used to treat hypothyroidism.
A female client with hyperglycemia who weighs 210 lb (95 kg) tells the nurse that her husband sleeps in another room because her snoring keeps him awake. The nurse notices that the client has large hands and a hoarse voice. Which disorder would the nurse suspect as a possible cause of the client's hyperglycemia?
Acromegaly
A nurse is caring for a diabetic patient with a diagnosis of nephropathy. What would the nurse expect the urinalysis report to indicate?
Albumin
A client with asthma is prescribed a short acting beta-adrenergic (SABA) for quick relief. Which of the following is the most likely drug to be prescribed?
Albuterol
In which statements regarding medications taken by a client diagnosed with COPD do the drug name and the drug category correctly match? Select all that apply.
Albuterol is a bronchodilator. Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic. Prednisone is a corticosteroid
The nurse is an occupational health nurse who is presenting a workshop on laryngeal cancer. What risk factors would the nurse be sure to include in the workshop? Select all that apply.
Alcohol Tobacco Industrial pollutants
Which assessment finding puts a client at increased risk for epistaxis?
Cocaine use
Upon assessment, the nurse suspects that a client with COPD may have bronchospasm. What manifestations validate the nurse's concern? Select all that apply.
Compromised gas exchange Decreased airflow Wheezes
A nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with lung cancer. What is a cardinal sign of lung cancer?
Cough or change in chronic cough
A client is being admitted to the medical-surgical unit for the treatment of an exacerbation of acute asthma. Which medication is contraindicated in the treatment of asthma exacerbations?
Cromolyn sodium
An obese Hispanic client, age 65, is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which statement about diabetes mellitus is true?
Diabetes mellitus is more common in Hispanics and Blacks than in Whites.
A patient has been diagnosed with thyroidal hypothyroidism. The nurse knows that this diagnosis in consistent with which of the following?
Dysfunction of the thyroid gland itself
Late symptoms of laryngeal cancer include which of the following. Select all that apply.
Dysphagia Persistent hoarseness Dyspnea
You are caring for a client who is 42-years-old and status post adenoidectomy. You find the client in respiratory distress when you enter their room. You ask another nurse to call the physician and bring an endotracheal tube into the room. What do you suspect?
Edema of the upper airway
Malignancy of the larynx can be a devastating diagnosis. What does a client with a diagnosis of laryngeal cancer require?
Emotional support
A junior-level nursing class has just finished learning about the management of clients with chronic pulmonary diseases. They learned that a new definition of COPD leaves only one disorder within its classification. Which of the following is that disorder?
Emphysema
A client hospitalized with pneumonia has thick, tenacious secretions. Which intervention should the nurse include when planning this client's care?
Encouraging increased fluid intake
A client is being seen in the clinic to receive the results of the lab work to determine thyroid levels. The nurse observes the client's eyes appear to be bulging, and there is swelling around the eyes. What does the nurse know that the correct documentation of this finding is?
Exophthalmos
A victim of a motor vehicle accident has been brought to the emergency room. The patient is exhibiting paradoxical chest expansion and respiratory distress. Which of the following chest disorders should be suspected?
Flail chest
A nurse is teaching a client with type 1 diabetes how to treat adverse reactions to insulin. To reverse hypoglycemia, the client ideally should ingest an oral carbohydrate. However, this treatment isn't always possible or safe. Therefore, the nurse should advise the client to keep which alternate treatment on hand?
Glucagon
A middle-aged female client complains of anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, the inability to concentrate, and eyes feeling "gritty." Thyroid function tests reveal the following: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 0.02 U/ml, thyroxine 20 g/dl, and triiodothyronine 253 ng/dl. A 6-hour radioactive iodine uptake test showed a diffuse uptake of 85%. Based on these assessment findings, the nurse should suspect:
Graves' disease.
A patient comes to the clinic and is diagnosed with tonsillitis and adenoiditis. What bacterial pathogen does the nurse know is commonly associated with tonsillitis and adenoiditis?
Group A, beta-hemolytic streptococcus
A nurse consulting with a nutrition specialist knows it's important to consider a special diet for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which diet is appropriate for this client?
High-protein
The nurse is obtaining a health history from a client on an annual physical exam. Which documentation should be brought to the physician's attention?
Hoarseness for 2 weeks
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus? Select all that apply.
Hypertension Family history Obesity Age greater of 45 years or older History of gestational diabetes
The nurse is assessing a client in the clinic who appears restless, excitable, and agitated. The nurse observes that the client has exophthalmos and neck swelling. What diagnosis do these clinical manifestations correlate with?
Hyperthyroidism
The nurse is aware that the clinical symptoms of a patient with hypoparathyroidism are the result of the initial physiologic response of:
Hypocalcemia
What does a positive Chvostek's sign indicate?
Hypocalcemia
Which combination of adverse effects should a nurse monitor for when administering IV insulin to a client with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Hypokalemia and hypoglycemia
Which combination of adverse effects should a nurse monitor for when administering I.V. insulin to a client with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Hypokalemia and hypoglycemia Explanation:Blood glucose needs to be monitored in clients receiving I.V. insulin because of the risk of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia might occur if too much insulin is administered. Hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia, might occur because I.V. insulin forces potassium into cells, thereby lowering the plasma level of potassium. Calcium and sodium levels aren't affected by I.V. insulin administration.
A client with acromegaly has been given the option of a surgical approach or a medical approach. The client decides to have a surgical procedure to remove the pituitary gland. What does the nurse understand this surgical procedure is called?
Hypophysectomy
A client with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) comes to the emergency department. Which physician order should the nurse implement first?
Institute isolation precautions.
A client diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is restless and has a low oxygen saturation level. If the client's condition does not improve and the oxygen saturation level continues to decrease, what procedure will the nurse expect to assist with in order to help the client breathe more easily?
Intubate the client and control breathing with mechanical ventilation
The nurse assesses a patient who has an obvious goiter. What type of deficiency does the nurse recognize is most likely the cause of this?
Iodine
A nurse is teaching a client with emphysema how to perform pursed-lip breathing. The client asks the nurse to explain the purpose of this breathing technique. Which explanation should the nurse provide?
It helps prevent early airway collapse.
A patient is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. What clinical characteristics does the nurse expect to see in this patient? Select all that apply.
Ketosis-prone Little endogenous insulin Younger than 30 years of age
A client receiving thyroid replacement therapy develops influenza and forgets to take her thyroid replacement medicine. The nurse understands that skipping this medication puts the client at risk for developing which life-threatening complication?
Myxedema coma
A patient with a history of hypothyroidism is admitted to the intensive care unit unconscious and with a temperature of 95.2ºF. A family member informs the nurse that the patient has not taken thyroid medication in over 2 months. What does the nurse suspect that these findings indicate?
Myxedema coma
A patient diagnosed 2 weeks ago with acute pharyngitis comes to the clinic stating that the sore throat got better for a couple of days and is now back along with an earache. What complications should the nurse be aware of related to acute pharyngitis? (Select all that apply.)
Otitis media Peritonsillar abscess Mastoiditis
A patient has had a laryngectomy and was able to retain his airway, with no difficulty swallowing. There is no split of thyroid cartilage. The nurse would record this type of laryngectomy as which of the following?
Partial laryngectomy
The nurse assesses a patient who has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following is a diagnostic sign of this disease?
Potassium of 6.0 mEq/L
A nurse is teaching a diabetic support group about the causes of type 1 diabetes. The teaching is determined to be effective when the group is able to attribute which factor as a cause of type 1 diabetes?
Presence of autoantibodies against islet cells
You are caring for a client with chronic respiratory failure. What are the signs and symptoms of chronic respiratory failure?
Progressive loss of lung function associated with chronic disease
A client has a nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance related to excessive mucus production. The best short-term goal is for the client to
Report decreased congestion.
The nurse is reviewing the history and physical examination of a client diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find?
Reports of increased appetite
A patient is being treated for status asthmaticus. What danger sign does the nurse observe that can indicate impending respiratory failure?
Respiratory acidosis
As status asthmaticus worsens, the nurse would expect which acid-base imbalance?
Respiratory acidosis
The nurse is caring for a patient with status asthmaticus in the intensive care unit (ICU). What does the nurse anticipate observing for the blood gas results related to hyperventilation for this patient?
Respiratory alkalosis
A nurse administers albuterol (Proventil), as ordered, to a client with emphysema. Which finding indicates that the drug is producing a therapeutic effect?
Respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute
A nurse is responsible for monitoring indicators of potential complications after laryngectomy. Which indicators would be priority concerns? Select all that apply.
Somnolence and hypotension Tachycardia and tachypnea Impaired swallowing Persistent high tracheostomy cuff pressure
A patient comes to the clinic for the third time in 2 months with chronic bronchitis. What clinical symptoms does the nurse anticipate assessing for this patient?
Sputum and a productive cough
A nurse is in the cafeteria at work. A fellow worker at another table suddenly stands up, leans forward with hands crossed at the neck, and makes gasping noises. The nurse first
Stands behind the worker, who has hands across the neck
Which of the following endocrine disorder causes the patient to have dilutional hyponatremia?
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
When describing the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands, which of the following would the instructor include as characteristic of endocrine glands?
The secretions are released directly into the blood stream.
A nurse is preparing to administer two types of insulin to a client with diabetes mellitus. What is the correct procedure for preparing this medication?
The short-acting insulin is withdrawn before the intermediate-acting insulin.
The client you are caring for has just been told they have advanced laryngeal cancer. What is the treatment of choice?
Total laryngectomy
A client who works construction and has been demolishing an older building is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. This lung inflammation is most likely caused by exposure to:
asbestos
During a class on exercise for clients with diabetes mellitus, a client asks the nurse educator how often to exercise. To meet the goals of planned exercise, the nurse educator should advise the client to exercise:
at least three times per week.
For the first 72 hours after thyroidectomy surgery, a nurse should assess a client for Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign because they indicate:
hypocalcemia
A client with a history of type 1 diabetes is demonstrating fast, deep, labored breathing and has fruity odored breath. What could be the cause of the client's current serious condition?
ketoacidosis
A client is undergoing diagnostics for an alteration in thyroid function. What physiologic function is affected by altered thyroid function?
metabolic rate
The classification of Stage II of COPD is defined as
moderate COPD.
A client with type 2 diabetes has recently been prescribed acarbose, and the nurse is explaining how to take this medication. The teaching is determined to be effective based on which statement by the client?
"I will take this medication in the morning, with my first bite of breakfast."
Which instruction about insulin administration should a nurse give to a client?
"Always follow the same order when drawing the different insulins into the syringe."
A nurse is preparing dietary recommendations for a client with a lung abscess. Which statement would be included in the plan of care?
"You must consume a diet rich in protein, such as chicken, fish, and beans."
A 16-year-old client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes has a very low body weight despite eating regular meals. The client is upset because friends frequently state, "You look anorexic." Which statement by the nurse would be the best response to help this client understand the cause of weight loss due to this condition?
"Your body is using protein and fat for energy instead of glucose."
The nurse is educating the patient diagnosed with acute pharyngitis on methods to alleviate discomfort. What interventions should the nurse include in the information? (Select all that apply.)
-Apply an ice collar. -Stay on bed rest during the febrile stage of the illness. -Try a liquid or soft diet during the acute stage of the disease.
A client is prescribed methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) 125 mg intravenously. The medication is available in a 125 mg single-dose vial containing 2 mL. The nurse will administer methylprednisolone over 2 minutes. How many mL will the nurse administer each 15 seconds? Write your answer to 2 decimal places. Starting with 0., enter the correct number ONLY.
0.25 Page: 658 Explanation:The volume to be infused is 2 mL over 2 minutes. There are 60 seconds in each minute. For every 15 seconds, the nurse will administer 0.25 mL. 2 mL/120 sec = x/15 sec. 0.25 mL = x
An agitated, confused client arrives in the emergency department. The client's history includes type 1 diabetes, hypertension, and angina pectoris. Assessment reveals pallor, diaphoresis, headache, and intense hunger. A stat blood glucose sample measures 42 mg/dl, and the client is treated for an acute hypoglycemic reaction. After recovery, the nurse teaches the client to treat hypoglycemia by ingesting:
10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate.
The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which produces a cold sore (fever blister), has an incubation period of
2 to 12 days.
Chp 22
22
chp 23
23
chp 24
24
A female patient with diabetes who weighs 150 pounds has an ideal body weight of 118 pounds. She can lose 1 pound per week and drop her extra 32 pounds in approximately 8 months. To meet this goal, the nurse advises the patient to decrease her calories by:
3,500 per week.
chp 51
51
chp 52
52
A nurse is caring for a group of clients on a medical-surgical floor. Which client is at greatest risk for developing pneumonia?
A client with a nasogastric tube
On auscultation, which finding suggests a right pneumothorax?
Absence of breath sounds in the right thorax
When administering insulin to a client with type 1 diabetes, which of the following would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind?
Accuracy of the dosage
A homeless client with streptococcal pharyngitis is being seen in a clinic. The nurse is concerned that the client will not continue treatment after leaving the clinic. Which of the following measures is the highest priority?
Administer one intramuscular injection of penicillin.
Which is the strongest predisposing factor for asthma?
Allergy
A client has been diagnosed with acute rhinosinusitis caused by a bacterial organism. What antibiotic of choice for treatment of this disorder does the nurse anticipate educating the client about?
Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
A client has been diagnosed with acute rhinosinusitis caused by a bacterial organism. What antibiotic of choice for treatment of this disorder does the nurse anticipate educating the client about?
Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid pg557
A patient has herpes simplex infection that developed after having the common cold. What medication does the nurse anticipate will be administered for this infection?
An antiviral agent such as acyclovir
A client is diagnosed with a chronic respiratory disorder. After assessing the client's knowledge of the disorder, the nurse prepares a teaching plan. This teaching plan is most likely to include which nursing diagnosis?
Anxiety
A client comes into the Emergency Department with epistaxis. What intervention should you perform when caring for a client with epistaxis?
Apply direct continuous pressure.
Which of the following is a potential complication of a low pressure in the endotracheal cuff?
Aspiration pneumonia
The nurse should be alert for a complication of bronchiectasis that results from a combination of retained secretions and obstruction that leads to the collapse of alveoli. This complication is known as
Atelectasis
The nurse is caring for the client in the intensive care unit immediately after removal of the endotracheal tube. Which of the following nursing actions is most important to complete every hour to ensure that the respiratory system is not compromised?
Auscultate lung sounds.
The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has nasal packing in place following nasal surgery. Which discharge instructions would be most appropriate for the client?
Avoid sports activities for 6 weeks.
A client is admitted with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). Which laboratory finding should the nurse expect in this client?
Blood glucose level 1,100 mg/dl
A victim has sustained a blunt force trauma to the chest. A pulmonary contusion is suspected. Which of the following clinical manifestations correlate with a moderate pulmonary contusion?
Blood-tinged sputum
The clinic nurse is caring for a client with acute bronchitis. The client asks what may have caused the infection. What may induce acute bronchitis?
Chemical irritation
What client would be most in need of an endotracheal tube?
Comatose clients
Which of the following is the most effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
A client has undergone a left hemicolectomy for bowel cancer. Which activities prevent the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia in this client?
Coughing, breathing deeply, frequent repositioning, and using an incentive spirometer
The nurse is auscultating the patient's lung sounds to determine the presence of pulmonary edema. What adventitious lung sounds are significant for pulmonary edema?
Crackles in the lung bases
Which disorder is characterized by a group of symptoms produced by an excess of free circulating cortisol from the adrenal cortex?
Cushing syndrome
The actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) are increased in the presence of which vitamin?
D
A physician determines that a client has been exposed to someone with tuberculosis. The nurse expects the physician to order which treatment?
Daily doses of isoniazid, 300 mg for 6 months to 1 year
The nurse is caring for a client who had a recent laryngectomy. Which of the following is reflected in the nursing plan of care?
Develop an alternate method of communication.
You are caring for a client who has been diagnosed with viral pneumonia. You are making a plan of care for this client. What nursing interventions would you put into the plan of care for a client with pneumonia?
Encourage increased fluid intake.
A client with cystic fibrosis is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. When should the nurse administer the pancreatic enzymes that the client has been prescribed?
With meals
Asthma is cause by which type of response?
IgE-mediated
A nurse is caring for a client with chest trauma. Which nursing diagnosis takes the highest priority?
Impaired gas exchange
Select the nursing diagnosis that would warrant immediate health care provider notification.
Ineffective airway clearance related to excessive mucus production secondary to retained secretions and inflammation
A nurse is caring for a client who was admitted with pneumonia, has a history of falls, and has skin lesions resulting from scratching. The priority nursing diagnosis for this client should be:
Ineffective airway clearance.
A nursing student is taking a pathophysiology examination. Which of the following factors would the student correctly identify as contributing to the underlying pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Choose all that apply.
Inflamed airways that obstruct airflow Mucus secretions that block airways Overinflated alveoli that impair gas exchange
A client is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which order from the physician should the nurse implement first?
Infuse 0.9% normal saline solution 1 L/hr for 2 hours.
The nurse is caring for a client who underwent a laryngectomy. Which intervention will the nurse initially complete in an effort to meet the client's nutritional needs?
Initiate enteral feedings.
A client who underwent surgery 12 hours ago has difficulty breathing. He has petechiae over his chest and complains of acute chest pain. What action should the nurse take first?
Initiate oxygen therapy.
Which type of insulin acts most quickly?
Lispro
A client has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Following a coughing episode, the client reports sudden and unrelieved shortness of breath. Which of the following is the most important for the nurse to assess?
Lung sounds
A client has acute bacterial rhinosinusitis for several weeks despite treatment. The nurse observes for a possible complication of the infection by assessing for
Nuchal rigidity
A nurse is caring for a client who had a thyroidectomy and is at risk for hypocalcemia. What should the nurse do?
Observe for muscle twitching and numbness or tingling of the lips, fingers, and toes.
The nurse is assessing a client who, after an extensive surgical procedure, is at risk for developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The nurse assesses for which most common early sign of ARDS?
Rapid onset of severe dyspnea
Lispro (Humalog) is an example of which type of insulin?
Rapid-acting
During a community health fair, a nurse is teaching a group of seniors about promoting health and preventing infection. Which intervention would best promote infection prevention for senior citizens who are at risk of pneumococcal and influenza infections?
Receive vaccinations
Which should a nurse encourage in clients who are at the risk of pneumococcal and influenza infections?
Receiving vaccinations
A client is admitted to the unit with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which insulin would the nurse expect to administer intravenously?
Regular
A nurse has pharyngitis and will be providing self care at home. It is most important for the nurse to
Seek medical help if he experiences inability to swallow
The nurse palpates the thyroid gland of a patient suspected of having hyperthyroidism. The nurse documents the positive finding of a gland that is:
Soft with poorly defined borders.
A client has a decreased level of thyroid hormone being excreted. What will the feedback loop do to maintain the level of thyroid hormone required to maintain homeostatic stability?
Stimulate more hormones using the negative feedback system
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has which effects on the kidney?
Stimulation of calcium reabsorption and phosphate excretion
Beta-blockers are used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism to counteract which of the following effects?
Sympathetic
The nursing instructor is talking with the junior class of nursing students about lung cancer. What would be the best rationale the instructor could give for the difficulty of early diagnosis of lung cancer?
Symptoms often do not appear until the disease is well established.
A client is being discharged following pelvic surgery. What would be included in the patient care instructions to prevent the development of a pulmonary embolus?
Tense and relax muscles in the lower extremities.
The patient with a chest tube is being transported to X-ray. Which complication may occur if the chest tube is clamped during transportation?
Tension pneumothorax
A nurse is assessing a client after a thyroidectomy. The assessment reveals muscle twitching and tingling, along with numbness in the fingers, toes, and mouth area. The nurse should suspect which complication?
Tetany
A male client, aged 42 years, is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. He visits the gym regularly and is a vegetarian. Which of the following factors is important when assessing the client?
The client's consumption of carbohydrates
A nurse observes a new environmental services employee enter the room of a client with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Which action by the employee requires immediate intervention by the nurse?
The employee enters the room wearing a gown, gloves, and a mask.
A client with diabetes mellitus develops sinusitis and otitis media accompanied by a temperature of 100.8° F (38.2° C). What effect do these findings have on his need for insulin?
They increase the need for insulin.
Early this morning, a client had a subtotal thyroidectomy. During evening rounds, the nurse assesses the client (who now has nausea) and records a temperature of 105°F (40.5°C), tachycardia, and extreme restlessness. What is the most likely cause of these signs?
Thyroid crisis
A client with type 2 diabetes asks the nurse why he can't have a pancreatic transplant. Which of the following would the nurse include as a possible reason?
Underlying problem of insulin resistance
A nurse assesses arterial blood gas results for a patient in acute respiratory failure (ARF). Which results are consistent with this disorder?
pH 7.28, PaO2 50 mm Hg
During a follow-up visit to the physician, a client with hyperparathyroidism asks the nurse to explain the physiology of the parathyroid glands. The nurse states that these glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH maintains the balance between calcium and:
phosphorus.
A nurse is caring for a client with a kidney disorder. What hormone released by the kidneys initiates the production of angiotensin and aldosterone to increase blood pressure and blood volume?
renin
The classification of Stage III of COPD is defined as
severe COPD.
A client with thrombocytopenia, secondary to leukemia, develops epistaxis. The nurse should instruct the client to:
sit upright, leaning slightly forward.
A client with Addison's disease comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. When assessing this client, the nurse should stay alert for signs and symptoms of:
sodium and potassium abnormalities.
The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client following laryngeal surgery. The nurse instructs the client to avoid
swimming.
The classification of Stage IV of COPD is defined as
very severe COPD.
A nurse is instructing a client with newly diagnosed hypoparathyroidism about the regimen used to treat this disorder. The nurse should state that the physician probably will order daily supplements of calcium and:
vitamin D.
A client who has just had a triple-lumen catheter placed in his right subclavian vein complains of chest pain and shortness of breath. His blood pressure is decreased from baseline and, on auscultation of his chest, the nurse notes unequal breath sounds. A chest X-ray is immediately ordered by the physician. What diagnosis should the nurse suspect?
Pneumothorax
A client being seen in the emergency department has labored respirations. Auscultation reveals inspiratory and expiratory wheezes. Oxygen saturation is 86%. The client was nonresponsive to an albuterol (Ventolin) inhaler and intravenous methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol). The nurse administers the following prescribed treatment first:
Oxygen therapy through a non-rebreather mask
Which hormones are secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? Select all that apply.
Oxytocin Vasopressin
When assessing a client with pheochromocytoma, a tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes excessive catecholamine, the nurse is most likely to detect:
a blood pressure of 176/88 mm Hg.
For a client with hyperthyroidism, treatment is most likely to include:
a thyroid hormone antagonist.
A nurse is assessing a client with possible Cushing's syndrome. In a client with Cushing's syndrome, the nurse expects to find:
deposits of adipose tissue in the trunk and dorsocervical area.
A client with a 30-year history of type 2 diabetes is having an annual physical and blood work. Which test result would the physician be most concerned with when monitoring the client's treatment compliance?
glycosylated hemoglobin
A client tells the nurse that she has been working hard for the past 3 months to control her type 2 diabetes with diet and exercise. To determine the effectiveness of the client's efforts, the nurse should check:
glycosylated hemoglobin level.
A client is being assessed for acute laryngitis. The nurse knows that clinical manifestations of acute laryngitis include
hoarseness.