Med Term Chapter 2 pt. 2 - axial and appendicular bones

sternum

(breastbone);

Five bones that comprime the spinal column

1. Cervical vertebrae 2. Thoracic vertebrae 3. Lumbar vertebrae 4. Sacrum 5. Coccyx

3 bones that make up the shoulder girdle

1. Clavicle 2. Sternum 3. Scapula

7 bones that make up the lower extremities

1. Femur 2. Patella 3. Tibia 4. Fibula 5. Tarsal 6. Metatarsals 7. Phalanges

6 bones of the upper extremities

1. Humerus 2. Radius 3. Ulna 4. Carpal 5. Metacarpals 6. Phalanges

3 bones that comprose the pelvic girdle

1. Ischium 2. Ilium 3. Pubis

3 sections: of sternum

1. manubrium 2. Body 3. xiphoid process.

3 bones of the thoracic cage

1. sternum, 2. ribs, and 3. thoracic vertebrae.

costals

12 pairs of ribs (contains 24 bones)

How many phalanges does the thumb and big toe have? What are they called?

2; proximal and distal

How many phalanges does each finger and toe have? And what are they called?

3; proximal, medial, distal

phalanges

Bones that make up the finger bones;

metatarsals

Five bones that comprise the foot.

thoracic vertebrae

Formed from Twelve small bones; also known as the T - spine ( T1 - T12 ) 、 The thoracic vertebrae connect to the ribs.

fontanels

In soft spots between the cranial bones. develop into bone in early infancy

calcaneus or heelbone.

Largest tarsal bone

lumbar vertebrae

Next 5 vertebrae are known as the L-spine (L1-L5). The lumbar vertebrae, which curve in the lower back, are the strongest and largest vertebrae.

sacrum

S-spine, is a slightly curved, triangular-shaped bone composed of five segments that gradually fuse together to become one. This fusion process takes place during childhood.

tarsal

Seven bones make up the ankle.

true ribs (fixes ribs)

The first seven pairs of costals attach anteriorly to the costal cartilage.

cervical vertebrae,

also known as the Cspine (C1-C7), make up the neck region of the spine.

carpal

bones make up the wrist.

clavicle,

collarbone; connects the sternum to the scapula

shoulder girdle

composed of bones that support attachment of the upper extremities to the axial skeleton.

intervertebral disks

composed of cartilage and act as shock absorbers, allowing for movement of the spinal. column.

axial skeleton

consists of the bones along the axis, or central part, of the human skeleton; The axial skeleton comprises the skull, thoracic cage and vertebral column (spine).

skull

contains the cranial and facial bones.

Function of the thoracic cage

designed to protect vital many organs

metacarpals

form

sternum

forms the breastbone, serves as the anterior attachment for the ribs. Made up of three smaller sections.

pubis

is the anterior part of the pelvic bone.

patella, or kneecap,

is the bone that forms the anterior part of the knee.

tibia, or shinbone,

is the larger, more medi- ally located lower leg bone

ischium

is the posterior part of the pelvic bone.

sutures.

joints where cranial bones attach to each other

floating ribs

last two pairs of costals are attached neither to the sternum nor to cartilage, but to the vertebrae.

fibula,

located laterally to the tibia, is the smaller of the two lower leg bones.

coccyx

made of four up small bones that fuse to become the tailbone. This fusion of coccygeal vertebrae typically occurs in early adulthood.

appendicular skeleton

made of up 126 bones that attach to the axial skeleton as appendages. The appendicular skeleton comprises the shoulder girdles, arms, wrists, and hands in the upper part of the body and the pelvic girdle, legs, ankles, and feet in the lower part of the body.

thoracic vertebrae,

made up of 12 vertebrae, serve as the posterior attachment for the ribs.

cranium

made up of bones that protect the brain; attach to each other at joints

pelvic girdle

made up of bones that sup port attachment of the lower extremities to the axial skeleton

false ribs

remaining three pairs of ribs indirectly attach to the sternum by connecting with the cartilage of the ribs above them.

thorax,

rib cage,

scapula,

shoulder blade.

radius

smaller bone found on the thumb side of the forearm.

vertebral column

spine; made of up 26 bone segments; segments are arranged in five sections that surround and protect the delicate spinal cord

ilium

the broad, blade-shaped bone that forms the upper part of each side of the pelvis.

ulna

the larger forearm bone . The proxi- mal end of the ulna forms the elbow.

femur, or thighbone,

the upper leg bone. is the longest bone in the human body

humerus

upper arm bone.