Medic Test 2
Which of the following phrases is an example of using the communication technique of facilitation?
"Is there anything else you can think of"
When preparing to establish an IV line on a 4 year old, the child asks if it will hurt. How should you respond to the child?
"It may hurt a little. You may feel a quick pinch"
By definition, infancy begins at:
1 month of age
The most common cause of cardiogenic shock is:
Acute myocardial Infarction
Which of the following conditions or situations is an example of a critical life threat that needs immediate care?
Acute presentation of a chronic condition
An undesirable clinical change caused by a medication that causes some degree of harm or discomfort to the patient is called a(n):
Adverse effect
One of the most important observations you need to judge is the patient's:
Affect
Men with a defective X gene will:
Always be affected because the defect cannot be masked
A medication that initiates or alters a cellular activity by attaching to receptor sites and prompting a cell response is said to be:
An agonist
Which of the following statements regarding growth spurts in adolescents is correct?
Boys generally experience this stage of growth later in life than girls do
When caring for a critically ill patient, three or more sets of vital signs will allow you to:
Assess trends and reassess whether the patient's condition is stabilizing, getting better, or getting worse
Why is it challenging to assess the severity of a sick infant or child
Calls for infants and children are less frequent, and therefore paramedics have less experience assessing infants and children
A medication that has a narrow therapeutic index:
Can be given, but not without close patient monitoring.
Severe, prolonged stress:
Causes the body to lose its ability to fight disease
While treating a patient with chest pain, you administer fentanyl. Shortly after, you ask him if his pain has improved. This is an example of:
Data interpretation
Administering a hypotonic solution such as mannitol can:
Decrease swelling in the brain
Which of the following conditions would likely cause mottled skin?
Decreased perfusion
In EMS, the process of concept formation involves:
Gathering information about your patient
Hypocalcemia can be caused by which of the following conditions?
Hypoparathyroidism
Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct?
Middle adults view crisis as a challenge to be overcome rather than a threat to be avoided
Which form of medication can be described as a sterile solution for direct injection into a body cavity, tissue, or organ?
Parenteral solution
Sonorous respirations are likely caused by:
An anatomic airway obstruction
In late adults, atherosclerosis can contribute to the development of:
Aneurysms
Compared to Schedule III drugs, Schedule IV drugs:
have a lower abuse potential and include medications such as diazepam (Valium) and lorazepam (Ativan)
Which of the following is true of early adults?
Childbirth is most common in this age group
The paramedic should suspect hyperkalemia in a patient with:
Crush injury
Sodium levels greater than 160mEq/L put the patient at risk for which of the following conditions?
Delirium
After gathering information from the patient, scene, and any bystanders, you must next:
Determine which information is valid and which may be invalid
The onset and peak of a medication are generally related to which of the following?
Distribution
Medications that are manufactured synthetically:
Do not use animal, mineral, or vegetable sources.
When assessing school-age children, it is imperative to do which of the following?
Earn their trust
Which of the following can lead to metabolic alkalosis?
Excessive water intake
Teething is commonly accompanied by:
Fever
When you introduce yourself to your patient and ask why 9-1-1 was called, the patient looks at you, shakes your hand, and answers your questions appropriately. From these findings, you can gather that the patient:
Has a GCS of 15
In contrast to infants, toddlers:
Have a slower respiratory rate
If possible, what should you do when working with adolescents?
Have your partner speak with the parent in a separate area while you talk with the patient.
The paramedic can avoid technical errors in medication administration by:
Having a partner confirm the volume in a syringe or weight-based medication calculation
A patient who suffered major injuries in a car accident requires intubation. Ketamine is contraindicated for patients who have experienced which of the following?
Head injury
Chelating agents bind with which of the following substances?
Heavy metals
A patient is experiencing fatigue, weakness, frequent urination, and stupor. You know the patient has hyperparathyroidism. Based on this what do you suspect the patient is suffering from which of the following conditions.
Hypercalcemia
Your patient has a serum sodium level of 158mEq/L. What condition does this indicate?
Hypernatremia
A patient presents with confusion, hyperreflexia, and paraesthesia. You learn the patient has been using laxatives and enemas daily to help with their constipation. You suspect that the patient experiencing which of the following?
Hyperphosphatemia
When preparing to transport an older adult to the hospital, they are hesitant to go because they do not want to leave their pets. What should you do?
Identify animal resources or a kennel that can take care of the pets while the patient is in the hospital
It is important to keep in mind which of the following when assessing an infant for a potential head, neck, or spine injury?
Infants often land headfirst when they fall
Which of the following medications possesses the positive inotropic effects, allows the cellular uptake of glucose, and is used in the treatment of hyperkalemia?
Insulin
Objective patient information
Is based on fact or observation
Which of the following is true of the working diagnosis?
It is based on your field impression
A medication container is damaged in the field. How should you dispose of partially used or damaged medication containers?
Return the damaged container to the department responsible for dispensing the medication
When examining the anterior abdomen of a patient who complains of abdominal pain:
Routinely palpate the least painful area(s) first
When reading the scene, the paramedic must remember that:
Scene information becomes unavailable once transport is initiated
Which class of medications may not be prescribed, dispensed, used, or administered for medical use?
Schedule I
In conventional reasoning, school-age children:
Seek approval from their peers and society
Which of the following physical changes occur in adults older than 25 years of age?
Settling of the discs in the spine
Benzodiazepines are contraindicated for patients with:
Shock
A patient with dysarthria has:
Slurred speech
After you have evaluated the information you obtained from the scene, patient, or bystander and have determined which information is valid or invalid, what should you do next?
Synthesize the information
What can the paramedic do to facilitate better thinking under pressure?
Take a moment to stop and think
More often than not, the paramedic will form a general impression of a patient based on:
The initial presentation and the chief complaint
When ventilating a late adult, it is important to keep in mind that:
The tidal volume you give them may be different from what you would give a younger person.
When cells are hypoxic for more than a few seconds:
They produce substances that may damage other local or distant body systems
A patient's family member informs you that the patient was recently diagnosed with primary pulmonary hypertension. Which type of medication should be avoided?
Vasopressors
A patient with respiratory acidosis may present with which of the following symptoms?
Warm and flushed skin
Higher weight-based doses must be administered to infants than to adults if a medication is:
Water soluble
The process of concept formation starts:
When you arrive on scene
Distributive shock occurs when there is:
Widespread dilation of the resistance vessels
The care plan that you implement based on your working field diagnosis of a patient is almost always defined by:
Your EMS system's patient care protocols or standing orders
Acute pulmonary edema:
Impairs oxygen diffusion into the pulmonary capillaries
In a small child, loss of as little as ______ of total body fluid can cause illness.
10%-15%
By the age of 1 year, an infant's tidal volume ranges from:
10-15 mL/kg
Upon assessing a patient, you notice that they open their eyes spontaneously and follow commands. When speaking with the patient, you note that they are disoriented. What Glasgow Coma Scale score should you assign?
14
When treating a patient with life-threatening external bleeding, it is critical that the tourniquet be applied in how many seconds or less?
30 seconds
During a 20 minute transport of a critical patient, you should make a concerted effort to reassess the patient how many times?
4
Drug interactions are more likely to occur in patients who take how many drugs or more
5
An adult patient breathing at 12 breaths/min and 500 mL/breath would have a minute volume of:
6,000mL
In general, for adults, a resting pulse rate of less than which value would be considered bradycardia?
60 beats/min
Acid-base balance normally remains in a physiologic pH range of?
7.35-7.45
Which of the following patients would be considered a priority patient requiring immediate transport?
A 36-year-old patient with difficult breathing and hypoxia
To the patient, your entire assessment should:
Appear to be a seamless process
The paramedic should address a patient
As the patient wishes to be addressed
The decline in cardiac function associated with aging is largely related to:
Atherosclerosis
When assessing a stable 3 year old patient, you struggle to assess their blood pressure. What should you do?
Avoid the struggle of obtaining the blood pressure reading because the patient is stable
What action does not minimize the risk of medication errors?
Label the medications so they make more sense to you
What is one of the most challenging aspects of the reflection stage?
Learning to accept that something went wrong
The apparent absence of a palpable pulse in a responsive patient most likely indicates:
Low cardiac output
The chief white blood cell of the immune response is the?
Lymphocyte
If you respond to a call for an infant who is experiencing respiratory distress, always:
Make sure the infant's nasal passages are clear of mucus
Which of the following hazards are you likely to encounter at the scene of a motor crash?
Moving traffic
Patient care protocols do not address patients with:
Multiple disease etiologies
Long term ingestion of lead can lead to:
Neurologic Dysfunction
For every patient, including those being transported on routine transfers, you must:
Obtain a baseline set of vital signs
The main disadvantage of patient care algorithms is that they:
Only address classic patient presentations
A patient's caregiver tells you that the child had a previous reaction to Benadryl where they came overly excited and agitated. You identify that the child likely experienced which of the following?
Paradoxical reaction
After determining the patient's primary problem by identifying the chief complaint and establishing your working diagnosis, your treatment plan is defined and guided by:
Patient care protocol or standing orders
On most runs, the two most important pieces of patient history information that you need to obtain initially are the:
Patient's name and chief complaint
The action of the body in response to a medication is called:
Pharmacokinetics
Which of the following is a cause of respiratory acidosis?
Pulmonary disease
When a patient is a high priority and there is no time for a complete secondary assessment on scene, which of the following should you perform before you transport?
Rapid-full body scan
What should you do after reading the patient when utilizing the "six Rs of clinical decision making"?
React
Vascular compensation for changes in blood pressure decreases with age due to:
Reduced elasticity for the peripheral vessels secondary to decreases in elastin and collagen
Etomidate is a medication that:
induces profound sedation following a single dose.
