Medical Entomology Exam 3

approximately how many people die in Georgia each year due to insect bites or stings?

10

approximately how many brown recluse spiders have been reported in Georgia?

58

The African eyeworm (Loa Loa) can cause

Calabar swelling: Localized subcutaneous edema -characterized by erythema, heat, pain and itching. -Occasionally a worm can be seen moving under the skin.

scientific name for blow fly

Calliphoridae

which family is most useful in establishing post-mortem interval?

Calliphoridae

Non-biting flies are found in order

Diptera

scientific name for syrphid fly (rat-tailed maggot)

Eristalis

sandflies belong to which family and genus?

Family: Ceratopogonidae Genus: Culicoides

the eye gnat belongs to what family and genus?

Family: Chloropidae Genus: Liohippelates

drain flies are found in which family and genus?

Family: Psychodidae Genera: Phlebotomus (Old World) Lutzomyia (New World)

In October 2010, south Georgia experienced its first known death due to which insects?

Africanized honey bees

scientific name for horn fly

Haematobia irritans

scientific name for black soldier fly

Hermetia illucens

scientific name for eye gnat

Hippelates

damage caused by red imported fire ants includes

Human stings, destruction of newly-planted ornamentals, and mortality of ground-dwelling bird nestlings.

scientific name for little house fly

Fannia canicularis

treatment for African sleeping sickness

Fexinidazole Winthrop - 10 day treatment - treats all stages of the disease - distribution simplified so it can reach remote areas

scientific name for tsetse fly

Glossina morsitans

scientific name for house fly

Musca domestica

scientific name for bazaar fly

Musca sorbens

which family has vermiform larvae?

Muscidae

scientific name for flesh fly

Sarcophagidae

deer fly and horse fly both belong to which family?

Tabanidae

parasitoid

an organism that spends its immature stages in or on the host, which it eventually kills. adult parasitoids are free-living.

what gives face fly puparia their white color?

calcium

Bluetongue virus is vectored by

culicoides midges (sandflies)

common habitat for stable fly larvae

damp decaying plant material

the brown recluse spider

has a violin-shaped marking on its cephalothorax, has a unicolorous abdomen with no markings, has 6 eyes

all spiders

have a cephalothorax and abdomen

Which of the following statements is true about Opiliones?

have no venom glands, do not secrete silk, have the head, thorax, and abdomen combined into a single body segment, are not spiders

chemical control methods include:

insecticides: adulticides and larvicides

classes of insecticides:

organophosphates pyrethroids insect growth regulators others (spinosyns and neonicotinoids)

what factors appear to be more prevalent among people suffering from delusory parasitosis?

over 50 years of age, female, socially isolated

how are parasitoids used to control fly populations?

parasitoids oviposit in fly puparia. parasitoid larva consumes the developing fly inside the puparium. the parasitoid larva pupates inside the fly puparium and emerges as an adult.

Hippoboscidae include

wingless flies: -louse flies/keds -deer keds -sheep keds -pigeon flies

all fleas are

wingless, haematophagous, holometabolous, poikilotherms

stable fly adults

-Adults with distinctive "checkerboard" markings on abdomen. • Following engorgement they become sluggish and fly off to rest and digest their blood meal. • Average lifespan of adults is normally 2-3 weeks, depending on temperature.

stable flies are developmental vectors of

-Habronema microstoma (spirurid nematode causing summer sores in horses) -Minor role as mechanical vector of equine infectious anemia virus and bovine leukosis virus

Stomoxys calcitrans

-Known as the "stable fly" -Sole species of Stomoxys in Americas, from Canada to Argentina -Worldwide, there are 18 species of Stomoxys -Native to Africa, Europe, Asia and the Orient

common behaviors exhibited by cattle that are infested with stable flies?

-avoidance behaviors -Running -Kicking -Stamping -Head-slinging -Licking -Tail-switching -Bunching

African sleepy sickness

-caused by trypanosomes that cross the blood-brain barrier producting cerebral inflammation -symptoms include: anxiety, drowsiness during the day, insomnia at night, fever, headache, mood changes, uncontrollable sleepiness, sweating, swollen lymph nodes all over the body, weakness.

Bluetongue virus

-causes cyanotic tongue in sheep and other farm animals -coronitis -depression

Musca autumnalis (face fly)

-eggs laid in very fresh bovine manure -larvae develop in manure -adults feed on lacrimal secretions -originated in Europe; unintentionally introduced to North America

fly control methods include:

-exclusion: keeping flies out of structures -source reduction: eliminating larval development sites; making sites unsuitable for oviposition or larval survival -sanitation: eliminating food or other attractant substances

culicoides species can infest animals and cause

-itching -hypersensitivity can lead to eczema -epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus of white-tailed deer

Haematobia irritans (horn fly)

-oviposit only in fresh bovine manure

sponging mouthparts

-salivary fluids accomplish external digestion -resulting material is imbibed into the mouth via capillary action

Why are flies of medical importance?

-some are mechanical vectors -Some are biological vectors. -Some produce medical problems themselves. -Many are pests

eye gnat (liohippelates)

-transmits the causative agent of yaws (bacterial skin disease in tropics) -adults feed on lacrimal secretions -Thrive in south Georgia's friable sandy soils; larvae develop in decaying organic material in ag fields

flies can be indentified by

-type of mouthparts -chaetotaxy (skeletal patterns) -antennal morphology -wing venation

Leucocytozoon

Black flies feed inside horses' ears producing bleeding, scabbing, and ear sensitivity.

the most common spider found in Georgia homes (and also most frequently mistaken as a putative brown recluse spider) is the

Kukulcania hibernalis (southern house spider)

deer fly and horse fly are vectors of

Loa Loa: African eyeworm -Adult filarial nematode just beneath conjunctiva of human eye, Cameroon.

Musca autumnalis (face fly) mechanically vectors_____

Moraxella bovis (pinkeye) and Thelazia (eyeworms)

scientific name for face fly

Musca autumnalis

African Trypanosomiasis in cattle is called

Nagana

bat flies:

Nycteribiidae and Streblidae

what family to dung beetles belong to?

Scarabaeidae

scientific name for black fly

Simuliidae

scientific name for stable fly

Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus)

which family do black flies (Hermetia illucens) belong to?

Stratiomyidae

parasite that causes african sleeping sickness

Trypanosoma brucei

nagana is caused by

Trypanosoma brucei brucei

parasite for human African Trypanosomiasis

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

What is the difference between Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei?

Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas's disease and Trypanosoma brucei causes African Trypanosoma/Nagana.

black soldier fly larvae have

a leathery exoskeleton

possible biological control options for imported fire ants include

a protozoan, another parasitic fire ant queen, the decapitating phorid fly

black fly larvae live

attached to substrate in flowing streams and rivers

both sexes of stable flies are

blood feeders

scientific name for pinkeye

bovine keratoconjunctivitis (vectors: Musca autumnalis/face fly)

stable flies commonly feed on

cattle (lower portion of the body)

vectors of Canine Leishmaniasis

drain flies (phlebotomus/lutzomyia)

filth flies are

face flies and house flies that feed on feces and filth

non-biting flies include:

house fly face fly eye gnat bazaar fly little house fly flesh fly blow fly syrphid fly (rat-tailed maggot) black soldier fly

which insects have sponging mouthparts?

house fly face fly flesh fly blow fly

Musca sorbens (bazaar fly) is a vector of which diseases?

human enteric disease and trachoma

the best time to apply fire ant bait is

in late afternoon when the area is shaded but temperatures are still about 50 degress F

Where do male and female reproductive imported fire ants mate?

in the air

how do fly larvae develop?

larva forms a puparium (a shell within which the larva will develop into an adult fly) by hardening of larval skin. The puparium starts off as a light color but as the larva becomes an adult the puparium darkens in color.

which insects have piercing sucking mouthparts?

mosquitoes stable fly horn fly tsetse fly louse fly

what effect does an insect growth regulator have when applied to an adult fly?

none

the only tarantula found east of the Mississippi is

none of these

where do drain fly larvae develop?

on organic debris in host nest burrow

tsetse larvae

relatively large; immediately burrows into the soil and pupates

culicoides species include

sand flies, punkies, no-see-ums, and biting midges

both brown recluse spiders and spitting spiders have

six eyes

creatures that exhibit maternal care and transport their yound around on their backs are

some wolf spiders, some fishing spiders, some scorpions

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense causes

the African Sleeping Sickness that afflicts people in the western part of the African continent, chronic trypanosomiasis. Causes 98% of human cases of human African trypanosomiasis

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense causes

the acute onset form of trypanosomiasis found in eastern Africa.

what is a distinctive feature of deer and horse fly larvae?

they are semi-aquatic

the reason trapdoor spiders are rarely seen by people in Georgia is because

they are subterranean

why are house fly puparia black in color?

they contain chitin

how do dung beetles control fly populations?

they disrupt manure to enhance rapid drying. flies need a moist environment to develop in, so dung beetles make the environment unsuitable for oviposition.

what happens when fly larvae have fully deveoped into adults?

they emerge from the puparium and wait forf their wings fully expand.

tsetse flies transmit

trypanosomes that cause African sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis

diptera means

two wings

biological control

using parasites (parasitoids), predators, pathogens, or competitors to eliminate pest flies.

what type of mouthparts are possessed by adult Oestrid flies?

vestigial

which insects have non-functional mouthparts?

warble fly bot fly

Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly) is often mistaken for a

wasp