Medical Sociology Midterm

What does CDC stand for?

Center for Disease Control

AIDS potentially entered the US through what country?

Haiti

Who suggests two major types of stress are: life events and chronic strains?

Pearlin

morbidity

Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.

A major factor causing the infant mortality differences between blacks and whites is ________

SES

One of the greatest threats worldwide, from infectious diseases, comes from what?

STDs and they come from heterosexual relationships

Which stage of Suchman's concept of the illness experience requires decision-making by the sick person?

every stage

Medical sociologists divide health-oriented behavior into two general categories: ______ behavior and _____ behavior

health and illness

What are the components of self-care? What factors promote self-care on the part of laypersons?

health and illness behavior make up self care, examples are exercising and taking vitamins

What is the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for more than 1/3 of all deaths?

heart disease

_____ is the leading cause of death for women after age 66.

heart disease

How is AIDS primarily transmitted in Africa?

heterosexual relations

What minority group is most likely to use hospital emergency rooms as their primary source of medical services?

hispanics

Which group has the highest percentage of persons without health insurance?

hispanics

What caused the prevalence of STDs to soar around the globe?

introduction of the birth control pill, new pattern of employment, availability of multiple sexual partners

The theory of the _____ maintains that our self-concepts are the result of social interaction in which we see ourselves reflected in other people.

looking-glass self

Who are exposed to more violence in their daily lives and find themselves in situations where stress, inadequate diets and housing, and less opportunity for quality health care are common?

lower class

In Rosenstock's model, what would be an example of an external trigger.

mass media

What federal program provides health insurance to those 65 years and older?

medicare

Which social class visits doctors the least?

middle class

The _______ in sub-Saharan Africa play a particularly important role in the transmission of AIDS.

monkeys

sick role

norms and values expected when sick

Results have shown that the equalization of health care alone has _____ the disparity in health between social classes?

not reduced

master status

one status within a set that stands out or overrides all others

The epidemiologist studies both the ______ and _______ of health problems in a population

origin and distribution

Health lifestyle activities typically take place _____ the health care delivery system.

outside

stress

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

prevelance

the total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time

fertility rate

the average number of children per woman

Women's reproductive role accounts for less than _____ % of all doctor visits.

20

By 2050 it is projected that ______ % of all Americans will be 65 and older.

20.7

In 1900, the average infant in the US could be expected to live for ______ years.

47.3

Today, women outlive men by how many years?

5.6

In 2004, the average infant in the US could be expected to live for ______ years.

77

Today the average infant in the US could be expected to live for _____ years.

78.8

The work of what two scholars linked the poor health of the English working class to capitalism in a treatise published in 1845?

Marx and Engle

Where is equality in living conditions among the best in the world?

Sweden and Iceland

Which scholar initially provided a theoretical approach for medical sociology?

Talcott Parsons

In which study were syphilis patients intentionally not treated and allowed to die?

Tuskegee

Cooley's looking glass self

a self-image based on how we think others see us

Hippocratic Oath

a set of promises about patient care that new doctors make when they start practicing medicine

alturistic

a state in which one feels so strongly integrated into a demanding society that their only escape seems to be suicide

egoistic

a state in which the ties attaching the individual to others in the society are weak

anomic

a state in which the ties attaching the individual to the group are disrupted due to dramatic changes in social circumstances

What is a "case" in epidemiological terms?

an episode of disorder, illness, or injury involving a person

lay referral system

an informal network of nonprofessionals who offer their own impressions, experiences, and recommendations regarding a set of bodily symptoms

What is the most prevalent health problem of persons over the age of 65?

arthritis

For all causes of death _______ have the lowest death rates.

asians

_____ babies die more often than _____ babies

black/boy, white/girl

For all causes of death ________ have the highest death rates.

blacks

Weber maintains that life ______ influence life conduct/life choices

chances

What is the most dangerous job in the US?

deep sea fishing

bioterrorism

deliberately inducing an illness and death by preparing biological agents

The interaction between life choices and life chances produces _______ toward particular forms of action. These constitute a "habitus" according to Bourdieu.

durable disposition

Brenner's thesis is that there are few areas of our lives not intimately affected by the state of the ______.

economy

Several studies find that the strongest and most consistent predictor of a person's health and life expectancy is _____

education

Which SES factor is the strongest single predictor of good health?

education

Durkheim's types of suicied

egoistic, anomic, and altruistic

According to the WHO, significant improvements in health in the 19th century were brought about by what might be called _____ methods.

engineering

How does the World Health Organization define health?

physical, mental, and social well being

Which social class visits physicians the most?

poor

According to the WHO, we are currently living in the ______ era.

post medical

incidence

refers to the number of new cases of a specific health disorder occurring within a given population during a stated period of time

What order did the first three epidemiological eras appear?

sanitary, infectious disease, and chronic illnesses

What is the most common response to symptoms of illness by people throughout the world?

self care

What important concept did Talcott Parsons's book "The Social System" contain?

sick role

Putman defines _______ as a community-level resource reflected in social relationships involving networks, but also norms, and levels of trust.

social capital

Compared to women, men usually have substantial health inferiority in terms of life expectancy because of the combination of two major effects: biological and ______ effects.

social psychosocial

How does the neighborhood you live in produce good or poor health?

sociocultural aspects, access to resources

People who become infected with HIV may be subjected to discrimination which can isolate them socially. What is this social outcome called?

stigma

Social status is a _______ dimension in "social class" consisting of how much esteen the person is accorded by other people.

subjective