Medical Terminology Chapter 7
A metal instrument that ends in a small, circular or oval ring with a sharp edge.
CUret
_____ is a spreading inflammation and infection of the connective tissue of the skin and muscle. There is usually ______ often appearing as a red streak, along with warmth and pain
Cellulitis; erythema
_______ - the hair on the surface of the skin usually lies flat, but when the skin is cold, a tiny erector muscle at the base of the hair follicle contracts and causes the hair to stand up (________)
Chill bumps; piloerection
___ is a procedure in which necrotic tissue is debrided (removed) from a burn, wound, or ulcer. This is done to _____, _____, or _____
Debridement; 1. Prevent infection from developing 2. To assess the extent or depth of wound 3. Create a clean, raw surface that is ready to heal or receive a skin graft
_____ is when constant pressure to a particular area of the skin restricts the blood flow to those tissues. The epidermis and then dermis break down and slough off, resulting in a shallow or deep ulcer. They are also known as ______ or _____
Decubitus Ulcer; pressure sores or bed sores
____ is any condition caused by disease or injury that results in inflammation or infection of the skin.
Dermatitis
A _____ is a specific area on the skin that sends sensory information to the spinal cord. Each is named according to the _______
Dermatome; level at which the spinal nerve enters the spinal cord
____ is where excessive amounts of fluid move from the blood into the dermis or subcutaneous tissue and cause swelling. Localized areas of edema occur with inflammation, allergic reactions and infection
Edema
The skin consists of two layers:
Epidermis (thin, outermost layer of the skin) Dermis (thicker layer beneath the epidermis
The epidermis is catagorized as ______. It also includes the _____ membranes that line the walls of internal cavities that connect to the outside of the body
Epithelial tissue; mucous
______ is a reddish discoloration of the skin. It can be confined to one area of local inflammation or infection, or it can affect large areas of the skin surface as in sunburn. The area is said to be ______
Erythema; erythmatous
An _____ is a thick, crusty scar of necrotic tissue that forms on a third degree burn. A fourth degree burn affects _____ and _____
Eschar; muscle and bones
this burn involves only the epidermis and causes erythema, pain, and swelling, but not blisters
First degree burn
A ____ thickness skin graft contains the epidermis and all of the dermis
Full
Necrosis with subsequent bacterial invasion and decay is _______
Gangrene
Erythmat/o-
Redness
_____ are a type of exocrine glands in the dermis that secrete sebum through a duct into a hair follicle.
Sebaceous glands/oil glands
This burn involves the epidermis and the upper part of the dermis. There are small blisters or larger ___ that form as the epidermis detaches from the dermis and the space between fills with tissue fluid. THis is also known as _______
Second degree burn; bullae; partial thickness burn
____ is a procedure that uses human, animal or artificial skin to provide a temporary covering or a permanent layer of skin over a burn or wound.
Skin grafting
A ____ thickness skin graft contains the epidermis and part of the dermis
Split
_____ are glands that secrete sweat, which contains water, sodium, and small amounts of body waste (urea, ammonia, creatinine). THe process of sweating and the sweat itself are both known as _______
Sudoriferous glands/sweat glands; perspiration.
This burn involves the epidermis, the entire dermis and sometimes the subcutaneous tissue and muscle layer beneath may be involved. THe area is _____ where the skin is charred. THis is also known as ____
Third-degree burn; black; full-thickness burn
___ is a skin graft of just the dermis that is taken from an animal (pig)
Xenograft
____ is a local reaction to physical contact with a substance that is an allergen or an irritant.
Contact dermatitis
_____ is a procedure in which liquid nitrogen is sprayed or painted onto a wart, mole or other benign lesion, or onto a small malignant lesion. The liquid nitrogen _____ and destroys the lesion
Cryosurgery; freezes
____ is a procedure that uses a curet to scrape off a superficial skin lesion.
Curettage
_____ is a lack of pigment in the skin, hair and iris of the eye. A genetic mutation in which there is a normal number melanocytes, but they do not produce _____. Patient is said to be an _____.
Albinism; melanin; albino
_____ is a test in which antigens (animal dander, foods, plants, pollen, etc) in a liquid form are given by intradermal injections in the skin. If the patient is allergic to a particular antigen, a ____ will form at the site of that injection. Alternatively, the antigen is scratched in the skin, and the procedure is known as a ______
Allergy skin testing; wheal; scratch test
___ is a skin graft that is taken from the cadaver
Allograft
____ is a severe systemic allergic reaction that can be life threatening. It is also known as _____
Anaphylaxis; anaphylactic shock
___ is a skin graft that is taken from another part of the patient's own body.
Autograft
Necr/o-
dead cells, tissue, or body
xen/o-
foreign
-plasm
growth, formed substance
ne/o-
new
all/o-
other, different
aut/o-
self
Dermat/o-
skin
_____ is loose, connective tissue directly beneath the dermis of the skin. Composed of adipose tissue or _____ that contains lipocytes (fat-storing cells)
subcutaneous tissue; fat
-graft
tissue for implant or transplant
_____ is a grey to back discoloration of the skin in areas where the tissue has died.
Necrosis
____ is any benign or malignant new growth that occurs on or in the skin
Neoplasm
The integumentary system consists of the: (5)
1. SKin 2. Sebaceous/oil glands 3. Sweat glands 4. Hair 5. Nails
An allergic reaction is a _______ response to certain types of antigens known as ________. THe basis of all allergic reactions is the release of _____ from basophils in the blood and mast cells in the connective tissue.
Hypersensitivity; allergens; histamine
The epidermis also contains cells that have no nuclei and are filled with ______, a hard fibrous protein. These cells form a protective layer but they are _____, so they are constantly being shed or sloughed off in the process known as ______
Keratin; dead cells; exfoliation
____ is a deep, penetrating wound.
Laceration
____ is ny visible damage to or variation from normal of the skin whether it is from disease or injury.
Lesion
____ reaction occurs when an allergen touches the skin or mucous membranes of a hypersensitive individual. Histamine causes inflammation, redness (erythema), swelling (edema), irritation and itching (pruritus)
Local
The epidermis contains ______, pigmented cells that produce melanin which is a dark brown or black pigment that ______ ultraviolet light from the sun to protect the DNA in skin cells from undergoing genetic
Melanocytes; absorbs
Hair covers most of our body . ______ give color to the hair. Hair cells are filled with _____, which makes the hair shaft strong
Melanocytes; keratin
_____ cover and protect the distal ends of the fingers and toes. Each consists of a nail plate, nail bed, cuticle, lunula and nail root
Nails
___ is a skin graft that is made from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern.
Synthetic skin graft
____ reaction occurs when allergens are inhaled or ingested by or injected into a hypersensitive person, causing symptoms in several body systems. Histamine _____ the bronchioles, ____ the blood vessels throughout the body and causes _______.
Systemic; constricts; dilates; hives on the skin
Theli/o-
cellular layer
The dermis is categorized as _____. It contains ____ (firm white protein)and ____ (elastic, yellow protein) fibers. Contains arteries, veins, and nerves as well as hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands
connective tissue; collagen & elastin