Medical Terminology Module 4

pil/o means

hair

trich/o, pil/o means

hair

any visible, localized abnormality of skin tissue

a skin lesion

chronic, pruritic superficial inflammation of the skin usually associated with a family history of allergic disorders

atopic dermatitis

paper-thin, wasted skin often occurring in the aged or as stretch marks from rapid weight gain

atrophy

The epidermis is __________, meaning that it contains no blood vessels

avascular

New skin cells are formed in the _______ layer of the epidermis, the __________________.

basal, stratum germinativum

melan/o means

black

yeast infection in moist, occluded areas of the skin (armpits, inner thighs, underneath pendulous breasts) and mucous membranes. Also called moniliasis

candidiasis

-ferous means pertaining to

carrying

diffuse, spreading, acute inflammation within solid tissues. The most common cause is Streptococcus pyogenes infection

cellulitis

A scar- an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after destruction of some of the dermis

cicatrix

irritated or allergic response of the skin that can lead to an acute or chronic inflammation

contact dermatitis

Another word for dermis is

corium

In newborns, the inflammatory scaling disease of the scalp and face is called

cradle cap

The small fold of skin above the lower part of the nail is the

cuticle or eponychium

nodule filled with a semisolid material, such as keratinous or sebaceous cyst

cyst

The study of skin, hair, and nails is called

dermatology

fungal infection of the skin. AKA dermatophytosis

dermatomycosis

The _________ is the thick underlying layer of the skin that is composed of vascular connective tissue arranged in two layers

dermis

inner layer of skin

dermis or corium

-ectasia means

dilation

hemorrhage or extravasation (leaking) of blood into the subcutaneous tissue. The resultant darkening is commonly described as a _________.

ecchymosis, bruise

superficial inflammation of the skin, characterized by vesicles, weeping, and pruritus. Also called dermatitis

eczema

outer layer of skin

epidermis

dried serum, blood, and/or pus. May occur in inflammatory and infectious diseases, such as impetigo, or as the result of a burn. Also called a scab

eschar

generally, viral diseases characterized by a specific type rash (exanthem). The main ones are measles, rubella, fifth disease, roseola, and chicken pox

exanthematous diseases

The marks that result from intense scratching are called

excoriations

The hypodermis/subcutaneous layer is made up mostly of

fat (adipose tissue)

crack-like lesion of the skin, such as an anal fissure

fissure

inflammation of the hair follicles, which may be superficial or deep and acute or chronic

folliculitis

localized, suppurative staphylococcal skin infection originating in a gland or hair follicle and characterized by pain, redness, and swelling. If two or more furuncles are connected by subcutaneous pockets, it is called a carbuncle

furuncle

What are skin's 2 accessory organs?

hair and nails

Roots of the hair together with their coverings are called

hair follicles

The visible part of the hair follicles is called the

hair shaft

kerat/o means

hard, horny

collection of extravasated blood trapped in the tissues and palpable to the examiner, such as the ear

hematoma

The dermis is attached to a layer of connective tissue called the

hypodermis or subcutaneous layer

superficial vesiculopustular bacterial skin infection, normally seen in children, but possible in adults

impetigo

chym/o means

juice

type of scar that is an overgrowth of tissue at the site of injury in excess of the amount of tissue necessary to repair the wound. The extra tissue is partially due to an accumulation of collagen at the site.

keloid

_________ adds to the protective nature of the skin, giving it a waterproof property that helps retain moisture within the body

keratin

hard protein material

keratin

During the transition from the lowest layer to the outer layer, these cells are called

keratinocytes

nod/o means

knot

moonlike white area at the base of the nail is the _________, beyond which new growth occurs

lunula

flat blemish or discoloration less than 1 cm, such as a freckle, port-wine stain, or tattoo

macule

onych/o, ungu/o means

nail

the highly vascular tissue under the nail that appears pink where the blood is oxygenated or blue/purple when it is oxygen deficient

nail bed

The part of the nail that is visible is the

nail body or the nail plate

in a groove under a small fold of skin at the base of the nail

nail root

nid/o means

nest

palpable, solid lesion less than 2 cm, such as a very small lipoma

nodule

sebac/o, seb/o means

oil, sebum

ec- means

out

Underneath the follicle is a nipple-shaped structure that encloses the capillaries called the

papilla

the upper thin layer of the dermis composed of fibers made from protein and collagen that serves to regulate blood flow through its extensive vascular supply

papillary layer

raised solid skin lesion raised less than 1 cm, such as a pimple

papule

the fold of skin that is near the sides of the nail

paronychium

large, flat, non palpable macule, larger than 1 cm

patch

parasitic infestation with lice, involving the head, body, or genital area

pediculosis

The secretion of sweat is called

perspiration

tiny eccyhmosis within the dermal layer

petechia

growth of hair in a cyst in the sacral region

pilonidal cyst

papul/o means

pimple

raised plateaulike papule greater than 1 cm, such as a psoriatic lesio or seborrheic keratosis

plaque

The sudoriferous glands secrete sweat through tiny openings in the surface of the skin called

pores

are early skin changes that have not yet undergone natural evolution or change caused by manipulation

primary lesions

itching

pruritus

massive hemorrhage into the tissues under the skin

purpura

superficial, elevated lesion containing pus that may be the result of an infection, such as acne

pustule

exanthemat/o means

rash

The _________ is the lower, thicker layer, which is also composed of collagen fibers and holds the hair follicles, sweat, and sebaceous glands, which are the glands that produce _________.

reticular layer, oil

cyst/o means

sac or bladder

eschar/o means

scab

parasitic infestation caused by mites; characterized by pruritic papular rash

scabies

squam/o means

scaly

squamous means

scaly

What are the two types of glands of the skin?

sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat)

The _________ glands secrete an oily, acidic substance called ______, which helps lubricate hair and the surface of the skin.

sebaceous, sebum

inflammatory scaling disease of the scalp and face

seborrheic dermatitis

the result of natural evolution or manipulation of a primary lesion

secondary lesions

largest organ in the body

skin

-ule means

small

macul/o means

spot

Because the type of epithelial tissue that covers the body has a microscopic ________ appearance, it is referred to as ________________________

stratified squamous epithelium

Which layer is the site where melanin (pigment) is produced by cells called melanocytes?

stratum germinativum

The _________ glands, also called the sweat glands, are located in the dermis and provide one means of thermoregulation for the body

sudoriferous

hidraden/o means

sudoriferous gland

sudor/i, hidr/o means

sweat

permanent dilation of groups of superficial capillaries and venues. Also known as spider veins

telangiectasia

fungal infection of the scalp; also known as ringworm

tinea capitis

ringworm of the body, manifested by pink to red papulosqamous annular (ringlike) plaques with raised borders; also known as ringworm

tinea corporis

a fungal infection that occurs mainly on external genitalia and upper legs in males, particularly in warm weather; also known as jock itch

tinea cruris

fungal infection of the foot AKA athlete's foot

tinea pedis

nodule more than 2 cm; any mass or swelling, include neoplasms

tumor

circumscribed craterlike lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting from necrosis, or tissue death, that can accompany an inflammatory, infectious, or malignant process. An example is a decubitus ulcer seen sometimes in bedridden patients

ulcer

circumscribed, elevated lesion containing fluid and smaller than 1/2 cm, such as an insect bite. If larger than 1/2 cm, it is termed a _________. Commonly called a blister.

vesicle, bulla

angi/o means

vessel

circumscribed, elevated papule caused by localized edema, which can result from a bug bite. Urticaria, or hives, results from an allergic reaction.

wheal