MedSurg PrepU Ch 34 Assessment and Management of Patients with Inflammatory Rheumatic Disorders
A client with a history of gout experiences an attack every 2 to 3 months despite losing weight and stopping all alcohol intake. Which question will the nurse ask when assessing this client?
"Are you taking the medication as prescribed?" Explanation: Medication adherence is critical but poor among clients prescribed urate lowering therapies for gout. Between acute episodes, the client feels well and may abandon medications and preventive behaviors, which may result in an acute attack. Asking about medication adherence is the appropriate.
A client with rheumatoid arthritis wants to participate in water aerobics classes for arthritis at the community center. Which statement will the nurse respond to this client?
"Be sure to wear nonslip footwear for safety."
An older adult with rheumatoid arthritis limits going out with others because of the need to use a cane. Which response will the nurse make to this client?
"Look at the cane as maintaining your independence."
The nurse is planning teaching for a client with gout. Which topics will the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.
Weight loss Decreasing alcohol intake Avoiding purine-rich foods
The nurse is teaching a client with osteoarthritis about the disease. What is the most important client focus for disease management?
strategies for remaining active
The nurse is reviewing the diagnostic test findings of a client with rheumatoid arthritis. What would the nurse expect to find?
Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate Explanation: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) may be elevated, particularly as the disease progresses. ESR shows inflammation associated with RA. Red blood cell count and C4 complement component are decreased. Serum protein electrophoresis may disclose increased levels of gamma and alpha globulin but decreased albumin.
A nurse is preparing a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for discharge. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
"Monitor your body temperature." Explanation: The nurse should instruct the client to monitor body temperature. Fever can signal an exacerbation and should be reported to the physician. Sunlight and other sources of ultraviolet light may precipitate severe skin reactions and exacerbate the disease. Fatigue can cause a flare-up of SLE. Clients should be encouraged to pace activities and plan rest periods. Corticosteroids must be gradually tapered because they can suppress the function of the adrenal gland. Abruptly stopping corticosteroids can cause adrenal insufficiency, a potentially life-threatening situation.
The nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed client about systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). What statement by the client indicates the teaching was successful?
"The belief is that it is an autoimmune disorder with an unknown trigger."
A client is experiencing an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis. What should the nursing priority be?
Administering ordered analgesics and monitoring their effects Explanation: An acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis can be very painful, and the nurse should make pain management her priority
A nurse is assessing a client with possible osteoarthritis. What is the most significant risk factor for primary osteoarthritis?
Age
Which term refers to fixation or immobility of a joint?
Ankylosis
The nurse is reviewing prescriptions written for a client with giant cell arteritis (GCA). Which medication will the nurse expect to be prescribed with a corticosteroid to preserve the client's vision?
Aspirin
The nurse is educating a client about the risks of stroke related to the new prescription for a COX-2 inhibitor and what symptoms to report. Which COX-2 inhibitor is the nurse educating the client about?
Celecoxib Explanation: The COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (Celebrex) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke.
The nurse is caring for a client with polymyositis. Which type of medication will the nurse explain to this client?
Corticosteroids Explanation: The goal is to control inflammation and prevent long-term damage to muscles, joints, and internal organs. Corticosteroid therapy is the mainstay of medical management of the client with polymyositis.
Which assessment suggests to the nurse that a client with systemic lupus erythematous is having renal involvement?
Hypertension
The nurse is caring for a client with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Which medication will the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client?
NSAID
A client is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to use to evaluate the client' s stage of disease?
Review the client's medical record
The nurse is caring for a client with palindromic rheumatism. The nurse knows that this type of rheumatism can lead to which diagnosis?
Rheumatoid arthritis Explanation: Palindromic rheumatism is an uncommon variety of recurring and acute arthritis and periarthritis that in some may progress to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but is characterized by symptom-free periods of days to months. Because of this, the nurse should plan care that would be similar to the client with RA.
The nurse is discussing life management with the client with rheumatoid arthritis in a health clinic. What assessment finding indicates the client is having difficulty implementing self-care?
increased fatigue
A client with a discoid facial rash caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) asks why a urine sample is needed. Which response will the nurse make to the client?
"The lupus can affect your kidney function."
A client is suspected of having CREST syndrome and is seeking medical attention. Which criterion is among those used to diagnose this client?
Esophageal dysmobility Explanation: There is no one conclusive diagnostic test used to diagnose scleroderma. Generally, the patient is diagnosed with the CREST type of scleroderma if they have four of the five symptoms in the syndrome, which include esophageal dysmobility, calcinosis (calcium deposits in the tissues), Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly (scleroderma of the digits), and telangiectasia (capillary dilation that forms a vascular lesion).
A client diagnosed with arthritis doesn't want to take medications. Physical therapy and occupational therapy have been consulted for nonpharmacologic measures to control pain. What might physical and occupational therapy include in the care plan to help control this client's pain?
An exercise routine that includes range-of-motion (ROM) exercises
The nurse is caring for a client with a new onset of gout. What medication does the nurse anticipate will be ordered by the health care provider?
colchicine Explanation: The treatment of gout involves managing the acute inflammatory stage, preventing flare-ups, and controlling hyperuricemia. Colchicine, along with indomethacin, ibuprofen, or a corticosteroid, is prescribed to relieve an acute attack of gout. -Probenecid and anturane increase the urinary excretion of uric acid, and -allopurinol breaks down purines before uric acid is formed
The nurse is performing a health history with a new client with fibromyalgia. What will the nurse expect to assess as the most common finding associated with fibromyalgia?
widespread chronic pain Explanation: The most common finding associated with fibromyalgia is widespread and chronic pain. -Heberden nodes are associated with osteoarthritis. -Jaw locking is a manifestation of temporomandibular joint dislocation. -A butterfly facial rash is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
A client with gout has been advised to lose weight. The client informs the nurse of plans to go on a "guaranteed rapid weight loss" plan that involves fasting and heavy exercise. Which response would be most appropriate?
"There might be some difficulties with your plan and fasting."
As part of the assessment process for a client suspected of having gout, the nurse evaluated the client's serum uric acid levels. Select the value that is considered above the saturation point for crystal formation.
6.8 mg/dL (0.40 mmol/L
The nurse teaches the client that the presence of crystals in the synovial fluid obtained from arthrocentesis confirms which disease process?
gout
The presence of crystals in synovial fluid obtained from arthrocentesis is indicative of
gout
The nurse intervenes to assist the client with fibromyalgia to cope with which symptoms?
Chronic fatigue, generalized muscle aching, and stiffness Explanation: Fibromyalgia is a common condition that involves chronic fatigue, generalized muscle aching, and stiffness. The cause is unknown, and no pathologic characteristics specific for the condition have been identified. -Treatment consists of attention to the specific symptoms reported by the client. NSAIDs may be used to treat the diffuse muscle aching and stiffness. -Tricyclic antidepressants are used to improve or restore normal sleep patterns, and individualized programs of exercise are used to decrease muscle weakness and discomfort and to improve the general deconditioning that occurs in these individuals.
The client asks the nurse about types of exercise that do not stress the joints. What exercise will the nurse include in the teaching plan?
t'ai chi
A nurse assesses a client in the health care provider's office. Which assessment findings support a suspicion of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Facial erythema, pericarditis, pleuritis, fever, and weight loss Explanation: An autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the connective tissues, SLE causes fever, weight loss, malaise, fatigue, skin rashes, and polyarthralgia. Nearly half of clients with SLE have facial erythema, (the classic butterfly rash). SLE also may cause profuse proteinuria (excretion of more than 0.5 g/day of protein), pleuritis, pericarditis, photosensitivity, and painless mucous membrane ulcers.
A client diagnosed with degenerative joint disease of the fingers reports now having bumps on the fingers that do not hurt. The nurse observes bony nodules on the distal interphalangeal joints. What type of "bumps" does the nurse understand these are?
Heberden nodes Explanation: DJD affects the hands; the fingers frequently develop painless bony nodules on the dorsolateral surface of the interphalangeal joints. -Heberden nodes are bony enlargement of the distal interphalangeal joints. -Bouchard nodes are bony enlargement of the proximal interphalangeal joints. -Rheumatoid nodules are associated with rheumatoid arthritis. -Tophi occur with gout and elevated uric acid levels.
A client has a serum study that is positive for the rheumatoid factor. What will the nurse tell the client about the significance of this test result?
It is suggestive of rheumatoid arthritis
The nurse is performing discharge teaching for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. What teachings are priorities for the client? Select all that apply.
Safe exercise Medication dosages and side effects Assistive devices
Which term indicates an accumulation of crystalline depositions in articular surfaces, bones, soft tissue, and cartilage?
Tophi
A client was seen in the clinic for musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, mood disorders, and sleep disturbances. The physician has diagnosed fibromyalgia. What would not be a part of teaching plan for this condition?
application of ice
The nurse is reviewing the medication administration record of the client. Which medication would lead the nurse to suspect that the client is suffering from an acute attack of gout?
colchicine
A client is being treated for hyperuricemia. Part of the treatment strategy is for the client to avoid contributing factors whenever possible. Which activities might bring on an acute attack?
eating organ meats and sardines
The nurse is assessing a client with a history of ankylosing spondylitis. What will the nurse most commonly assess?
low back pain
A patient is suspected of having myositis. The nurse prepares the patient for what procedure that will confirm the diagnosis?
muscle biopsy
The nurse is performing a health history with a new client in the clinic. What is the most common reason for a client to seek medical attention for arthritis?
pain
A client with rheumatoid arthritis arrives at the clinic for a checkup. Which statement by the client refers to the most overt clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis?
"My finger joints are oddly shaped."
A client with osteoarthritis expresses concerns that the disease will prevent the ability to complete daily chores. Which suggestion should the nurse offer?
"Pace yourself and rest frequently, especially after activities."
The side effect of bone marrow depression may occur with which medication used to treat gout?
Allopurinol
Which joint is most commonly affected in gout?
metatarsophalangeal
