MED/SURG PrepU - Immune, HIV
A client has hypercholesterolemia. The nurse understands that which of the following reflects the phenotype of the disease? Select all that apply.
• Early onset of cardiovascular disease • Skin xanthoma • Family history of heart disease
After teaching a class about the inheritance patterns of different conditions, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as resulting from multifactorial inheritance? Select all that apply.
• Familial Alzheimer's disease • Anencephaly • Osteroarthritis • Congenital heart defect
A nurse is preparing a presentation for a nursing conference about personalized medicine. Which of the following would the nurse include when describing this topic? Select all that apply.
• Genetic predisposition as key to risk reduction • Interaction of genes with the environment • Individualized approach based on person's and disease's genomic profile
In the interest of public health, the CDC has developed HIV Transmission Prevention strategies. The strategies address the routes that HIV can be transmitted and steps that can be taken to reduce or eliminate transmission. Which categories of risk are addressed by these strategies? Choose all correct options.
• Sexual activity • Illegal drugs
A nursing instructor is discussing immunodeficiency disorders with students. The instructor tells the class that immunodeficiency disorders are caused by defects or deficiencies in which of the following? Choose all that apply.
• The complement system • B and T lymphocytes • Phagocytic cells
The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance related to pneumocystis pneumonia and increased bronchial secretions for a client with AIDS. Which of the following would be appropriate for the nurse to include in the client's plan of care?
Assist with chest physiotherapy every 4-6 hours
A nurse is preparing an in-service presentation about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for a group of new graduate nurses. As part of the presentation, the nurse is planning to describe the events that occur once HIV enters the host cell. Which of the following would the nurse describe as the first step?
Attachment
A client visits the nurse complaining of diarrhea every time they eat. The client has AIDS and wants to know what they can do to stop having diarrhea. What should the nurse advise?
Avoid residue, lactose, fat, and caffeine.
When preparing a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for discharge to home, the nurse should be sure to include which instruction?
Avoid sharing things such as toothbrushes and razors
A client with end-stage acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has profound manifestations of Cryptosporidium infection caused by the protozoa. In planning the client's care, the nurse should focus on his need for:
Fluid replacement
A nurse is working in a support group for clients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which point is most important for the nurse to stress?
Following safer-sex practices
A newborn has been diagnosed with DiGeorge syndrome. Which of the following would the nurse least likely expect to assess?
Hypercalcemia
Which type of phagocytic disorder (formerly known as Job syndrome) occurs when white blood cells cannot initiate an inflammatory response to infectious organisms?
Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E
A client who is HIV positive is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which laboratory test result would the nurse expect to find?
Hypokalemia
A client who is HIV positive has been prescribed antiretroviral drugs. The nurse explains the action of each antiretroviral drug and develops a schedule for the client's self-administration, including strong emphasis about rigidly adhering to the dosage, time and frequency of the administration of the drugs. Why is it important to adhere to the schedule of drug dosing developed for this client?
To avoid resistance to the drugs
As a nursing instructor, you realize the importance of your students understanding the role of the immune system and its role to protect and defend the body from potential harm. What type of cells are the primary targets of the healthy immune system? Choose all correct options.
• Foreign cells • Cancerous cells • Infectious cells
Chronic illnesses may contribute to immune system impairment in various ways. Renal failure is associated with which of the following?
Deficiency in circulating lymphocytes
Which of the following terms is used to describe the personal feelings that accompany an anticipated or actual loss?
Grief
The term used to define the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is
Viral set point
The majority of patient with primary immunodeficiency are in which age group?
< 20 YO
Which category of HIV disease correlates with asymptomatic AIDS?
A
The development of a positive HIV antibody test following initial infection generally occurs in which timeframe?
4 weeks
A nurse is working in a pediatric clinic. After giving a hepatitis B immunization to an infant, the mother asks what kind of protection this provides for her child. The correct response is which of the following?
Active acquired immunity, which lasts many years or a lifetime
When do most perinatal HIV infections occur?
After exposure during delivery
Which of the following cell types are involved in humoral immunity?
B lymphocytes
The nurse is aware that the most prevalent cause of immunodeficiency worldwide is
Malnutrition
Which of the following is associated with impaired immunity in the aging patient?
Decreased renal function
Which of the following terms is an example of an X-linked recessive condition?
Duchenne MD
Which of the following is also known as a proxy directive?
Durable power of attorney for healthcare
Which blood test confirms the presence of antibodies to HIV?
ELISA
A nurse is taking health history from a new client, which includes asking about a history of blood transfusions. This is important for which of the following reasons?
Exposure to foreign antigens may cause altered immune function.
Which of the following is an early manifestation of HIV encephalopathy?
Headache
Which term means a lack of one or more of the five immunoglobulins?
Hypogammaglobulinemia
HIV is harbored within which type of cell?
Lymphocyte
A client with human immunodeficiency virus undergoes intradermal anergy testing using Candida and mumps antigen. During the 3 days following the tests, there is no induration or evidence of reaction at the intradermal injection sites. The most accurate conclusion the nurse can make is:
The client is immunodeficient and will not have a skin response
A female patient who is 38 years of age has begun to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis. She is also being assessed for disorders of the immune system. She works as an aide at a facility that cares for children infected with AIDS. Which of the following is the most important factor related to the patient's assessment?
Use of other drugs.
Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to document for a client with ataxia-telangiectasis?
Vascular Lesions
Which diagnostic test measures HIV RNA in the plasma?
Viral Load
Agammaglobulinemia is also known as which of the following?
Bruton's Disease
Diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is made by which of the following?
Biopsy
The nurse is preparing to administer intravenous immunoglobulin to a client with a primary immunodeficiency. This is the client's first dose. The nurse would anticipate administering another dose in approximately which time?
4 weeks
A child has just been diagnosed with a primary immune deficiency. The parents state, "Oh, no. Our child has AIDS." Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
"Although AIDS is an immune deficiency, your child's condition is different from AIDS."
Immunoglobulins (also known as antibodies) promote the destruction of invading cells in various ways, using different mechanisms. Which of the following mechanisms is used by immunoglobulins to destroy pathogenic antigens?
(1) neutralizing their toxins; (2) linking them together in a process called agglutination and (3) causing them to precipitate, or become solid. Second, antibodies can facilitate the destruction of antigens with other mechanisms
T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes are the primary participants in the immune response. What do they do?
T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes distinguish harmful substances and ignore those natural and unique to a person.
A nursing student is reviewing an article about genetic disorders involving the failure of chromosomes to separate completely, resulting in a cell that contains more than one copy or no copy of a particular chromosome. The student would identify which condition as an example of this phenomenon? Select all that apply.
-Turner Syndrome -Down Syndrome
A client is to receive intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The infusion is started at 10 a.m. The nurse would be alert for signs and symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction during which time frame?
10:30 am and 11:00 am
A client is beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The client demonstrates an understanding of the need for follow up when he schedules a return visit for viral load testing at which time?
6 weeks
While visiting the pediatric clinic with her 2 year old, a mother picks up a brochure about immunizations and asks about active and passive acquired immunity to childhood diseases. The nurse explains that immunizations are which of the following and why?
Active acquired immunity, because the person's own body develops defenses
Which of the following is the most severe form of hypersensitivity reaction?
Anaphylaxis
Which of the following is usually the most important consideration in decisions to initiate antiretroviral therapy?
CD4 Counts
A 45-year-old waitress with a history of IV drug use also is HIV-positive. She has been following her antiretroviral medication regimen faithfully and is doing well. She's attending college to get a social work degree and is focused on a bright future. In her regular CD counts, what factor will indicate she has progressed from HIV to AIDS?
CD4 count < 200/mm indicates a diagnosis of AIDs to be made.
All the following items are related to cancer. Which does not affect the immune system?
Diagnostic tests for cancer
There are many ethical issues in the care of clients with HIV or HIV/AIDS. What is an ethical issue healthcare providers deal with when caring for clients with HIV/AIDS?
Disclosure of the patient's condition
A client who is HIV positive is receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) that includes a protease inhibitor (PI). The client comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. Assessment reveals lipoatrophy of the face and arms. The client states, "I'm thinking the side effects of the drug are worse than the disease. Look what's happening to me." The nurse would most likely identify which nursing diagnosis as the priority?
Disturbed body image related to loss of fat in the face and arms
A client suspected of having HIV has blood drawn for a screening test. What is the first test generally run to see if a client is, indeed, HIV positive?
ELISA
During the immune response, cytotoxic cells bind to invading cells, destroy the targeted invader and release lymphokines to remove the debris. Which type of T-cell lymphocyte is cytotoxic?
Effector T-cells
A school nurse is talking about infection with a high school health class. What would be the nurse's best explanation of the process of phagocytosis?
Engulfment and digestion of foreign material and bacteria
ELISA stands for:
Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay
A client is suspected of having an immune system disorder. The physician wants to perform a diagnostic test to confirm the diagnosis. What test might the physician order?
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Which of the following is the first barrier method that can be controlled by the woman?
Female condom
T-cells can be either regulator T cells or effector T cells. Regulator T cells are made up of helper and suppressor cells. What function are helper T-cells important in?
Fighting infection
When administering intravenous gamma globulin infusion, the nurse recognizes that which of the following complaints, if reported by the client, may indicate an adverse effect of the infusion?
Flank Pain
A 38-year-old female patient has begun to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis. She is also being assessed for disorders of the immune system. She works as an aide at a facility that cares for children infected with AIDS. Which of the following is the most important factor related to the patient's assessment?
Her use of other drugs
Which of the following indicates that a client with HIV has developed AIDS?
Herpes simplex ulcer persisting for 2 months
The nurse is caring for an elderly client with a respiratory infection. While reviewing age-related changes in the immune system, the nurse identifies which of the following as having contributed to this client's infection?
Impaired ciliary action as a result of exposure to environmental toxins
A client with AIDS is exhibiting shortness of breath, cough, and fever. The nurse most likely would suspect infection with which of the following?
Pneumocystis jiroveci
A client is diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). When assessing the client for possible infection, which of the following would the nurse identify as a least likely cause?
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
A nurse is assisting with screening of specific ethnic groups to identify possible cancer-predisposing genes. The nurse is engaged in which of the following?
Population screening
DiGeorge syndrome is an example of which immunodeficiency?
Primary T Cell
What are antigens?
Protein markers on cells
The lower the patient's viral load,
The longer the survival time
A client with suspected HIV has had two positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. What diagnostic test would be run next?
Western Blot
The nurse's base knowledge of primary immunodeficiencies includes which of the following statements? Primary immunodeficiencies
develop early in life after protection from maternal antibodies decreases.
When assisting the patient to interpret a negative HIV test result, the nurse informs the patient that the results mean that
his body has not produced antibodies to the AIDS virus.
A nurse is assisting with newborn screening. For which condition would the nurse expect to screen? Select all that apply.
• Phenylketonuria • Galactosemia
After reviewing the various primary immunodeficiencies, nursing students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as complement system deficiencies? Select all that apply.
• Angioneurotic edema • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
A nursing student is preparing a teaching plan for a client with an immunodeficiency disorder. The student is going to include the cardinal symptoms in teaching. Which of the following would the student include? Choose all that apply.
• Chronic diarrhea • Chronic or recurrent severe infections • Poor response to treatment of infections
A client is given a nursing diagnosis of social isolation related to withdrawal of support systems and stigma associated with AIDS. Which outcomes would indicate that the nurse's plan of care was effective? Select all that apply.
• Client demonstrates beginning participation in events and activities. • Client identifies appropriate sources of assistance and support. • Client verbalizes feelings related to the changes imposed by the disease.
A treatment option for SCID includes
Stem cell transplant
When assisting the patient to interpret a negative HIV test result, the nurse informs the patient that the results mean which of the following?
Antibodies to HIV are not present in his blood.
Which of the following assessment should be completed if suspecting immune dysfunction in the neurosensory system?
Ataxia
When caring for a client who is a Mormon, the nurse notices something on the lunch tray that should be removed or substituted out of respect for the client's religion. Which of the following would be an item to remove?
Beer
Of the following terms, which is used to refer to the period of time during which mourning a loss takes place?
Bereavement
While taking the health history of a newly admitted client, the nurse reviews general lifestyle behaviors. Which of the following would have a positive effect on the immune system?
Biofeedback, relaxation, hypnosis.
Which stage of HIV infection is indicated when the results are more than 500 CD4+ lymphocytes/mm?
CDC category A: HIV asymptomatic
More than 50% of individuals with this disease develop pernicious anemia:
CVID
A client with AIDS comes to the clinic reporting difficulty swallowing. He says, "It hurts so much when I swallow." Inspection reveals creamy white patches in the client's mouth. Which of the following would the nurse suspect?
Candidias
A home care nurse is visiting a client with AIDS at home. During the visit, the nurse observes the caregiver providing care. Which of the following would alert the nurse to the need for additional teaching for the caregiver?
Cleaning around the anal area without wearing gloves
Other than abstinence, what is the only proven method of decreasing the risk for sexual transmission of HIV infection?
Consistent and correct use of condoms
Which of the following is a center for immune cell proliferation?
Lymph node
The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client with an immunodeficiency. Which of the following would the nurse emphasize as most important?
Frequent and thorough handwashing
Which of the following would a nurse be least likely to identify as a cause of secondary immunodeficiency?
Genetics
After teaching nursing students about autosomal-dominant and autosomal-recessive inherited disorders, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the class identifies which of the following as true about autosomal-dominant inherited conditions?
Horizontal transmission is more commonly seen in families.
After teaching nursing students about autosomal-dominant and autosomal-recessive inherited disorders, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the class identifies which of the following as true about autosomal-dominant inherited conditions?
Horizontal transmission is typically seen in families
Which of the following protective responses begin with the B lymphocytes?
Humoral
Infants with DiGeorge syndrome have which type of endocrine disorder?
Hypoparathyroidism
Nursing students are reviewing information about the different manifestations associated with AIDS. The students demonstrate understanding of these manifestations when they identify which of the following as the most common HIV-related malignancy?
Kaposi's Sarcoma
A nurse is providing in-home hospice care to a 75-year-old client with lung cancer. The nurse determines that the client is eligible for Medicare hospice benefits based on which of the following?
Life expectancy of less than 6 months
Which of the following options should the nurse encourage to replace fluid and electrolyte losses in a patient with AIDS?
Liquids
Which of the following is a term that refers to individual, family, group, and cultural expressions of grief and associated behaviors?
Mourning
A client is receiving ganciclovir as part of his treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis. The nurse would monitor the results of the client's laboratory tests for which of the following?
Neutropenia
Students are reviewing information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for a class presentation about preventing the transmission of HIV transmission. Which of the following would the students be least likely to include in their presentation?
Nonlatex lambskin condoms are highly effective in preventing HIV infection
A patient comes in to get an EIA test done because her physician suspects AIDS. Which of the following nursing actions is essential before an EIA test is performed?
Obtaining consent from patient
Which of the following has not been implicated as a factor for noncompliance with antiretroviral treatment?
Past substance abuse
The term that describes the percentage of individuals known to carry the gene for a trait and who actually manifest the condition is
Penetrance
A majority of patients with CVID develop which type of anemia?
Pernicious
The nurse is caring for a pregnant woman who is undergoing prenatal screening for genetic conditions. When developing the client's teaching plan about the conditions associated with this screening, which condition would the nurse least likely include?
Phenylketonuria
What is the function of the thymus gland?
Programs T lymphocytes to become regulator or effector T cells.
During which stage of the immune response does the circulating lymphocyte containing the antigenic message return to the nearest lymph node?
Proliferation
A nurse is preparing to administer saquinavir, which is prescribed for a client who is HIV positive. The nurse integrates knowledge of this drug, identifying it as which of the following?
Protease inhibitor (PI)
Nursing students are reviewing the pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). They demonstrate understanding of the information when they state which of the following as containing the genetic viral material?
RNA
Which of the following is the greatest risk if the client does not take non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) as prescribed? Choose the correct option.
Rapid onset of drug resistance
A client in a late stage of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) shows signs of AIDS-related dementia. Which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority?
Risk for injury
You are caring for a client who has a diagnosis of HIV. Part of this client's teaching plan is educating the client about his or her medications. What is essential for the nurse to include in the teaching of this client regarding medications?
Side effects of drugs
A nurse is taking the health history of a newly admitted client. Which of the following conditions would NOT place the client at risk for impaired immune function?
Surgical removal of the appendix
Nursing students are reviewing information about attitudes related to death and dying. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as most accurate?
There remains a conspiracy of silence about dying despite progress in the area.
Ataxia is the term that refers to
Uncoordinated muscle movement
A nurse is implementing appropriate infection control precautions for a client who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse demonstrates a need for a review of transmission routes by identifying which body fluid as a means of transmission?
Urine
The term used to define the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is
Viral Set Point
Students are reviewing the concepts of phenotype and genotype as they apply to hypercholesterolemia. The students demonstrate an understanding by identifying which of the following as characteristic of the genotype of this disease? Select all that apply.
• Mutations in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors • Disruption in an apolipoprotein gene
A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with an immunodeficiency. Which of the following would the nurse need to emphasize? Select all that apply.
• Prophylactic medication regimens • Maintenance of a well-balanced diet • Ways to manage stress
Which of the following are antidepressants used in the treatment of AIDS? Select all that apply
• Prozac • Tofranil • Norpramin
Which of the following are modes of transmission for HIV? Select all that apply.
• Seminal fluid • Vaginal secretions • Blood • Amniotic fluid
The nurse is caring for a patient who is Arabic. The nurse remembers learning that three elements are frequently used to identify diversity. Choose the three from the following list.
• Skin color • Age • Geographic area
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who is immunosuppressed. Which statement by the client indicates the need for additional teaching?
"I can eat whatever I want as long as it's low in fat."
After teaching a client with immunodeficiency about ways to prevent infection, the nurse determines that teaching was successful when the client states which of the following?
"I should avoid being around other people who have an infection."
A nurse educator is preparing to discuss immunodeficiency disorders with a group of fellow nurses. What would the nurse identify as the most common secondary immunodeficiency disorder?
AIDs
A client has been diagnosed with AIDS. Which of the following statements correctly describes a secondary immune deficiency?
An interference develops in an already developed immune system.
A patient undergoing a skin test has been intradermally injected with a disease-specific antigen on the inner forearm. The patient becomes anxious because the area begins to swell. Which of the following may be used to decrease anxiety in this patient?
Assure the patient that this is a normal reaction
An elderly client is diagnosed with cancer. While reviewing age-related changes in the immune system, the nurse identifies which of the following as having contributed to this client's condition?
Failure of lymphocytes to recognize mutant cell
A mother has brought her child to the clinic for a wellness check. While talking with the nurse, the mother asks the nurse to suggest a diet that will maximize the immune function of her growing children. What dietary pattern should the nurse suggest?
Moderate diet that is balanced and varied
A nurse is preparing an in-service presentation about primary immunodeficiencies. When describing these conditions, which of the following would the nurse need to integrate into the presentation?
Most cases are typically diagnosed in infancy
What are antigens?
Protein markers on cells.
The anatomy and physiology instructor is explaining a cell-mediated response to the pre-nursing students. What actions would the instructor explain occur in a cell-mediated response?
T-cell lymphocytes survey proteins in the body and attack the invading antigens.
A mother brings her young child to the clinic for an evaluation of an infection. The mother states, "He's been taking antibiotics now for more than 2 months and still doesn't seem any better. It's like he's always sick." During the history and physical examination, which of the following would alert the nurse to suspect a primary immunodeficiency?
Ten ear infections in the past year
A client has been diagnosed with AIDS and tuberculosis (TB). A nursing student asks the nurse why the client's skin test for TB is negative if the client's physician has diagnosed TB. The nurse's correct reply is which of the following?
The client's immune system cannot mount a response to the test.
Which of the following would be inaccurate information pertaining to SCID?
The inheritance of SCID can be autosomal dominant.
A client with ataxia-telangiectasia is admitted to the unit. The nurse caring for the client would expect to see what included in the treatment regimen?
IV Gamma Globulin Administration
What chemical is released by cytotoxic T cells?
Lymphokine
Which type of cells destroys antigens already coated with antibody?
Null Cells
A major manifestation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome includes which of the following?
Thrombocytopenia
Phagocytic dysfunction is characterized by the following. Choose all that apply.
• Increased incidence of bacterial infections • Chronic eczematoid dermatitis
The body has several mechanisms to fight disease, one of which is sending chemical messengers. Specifically, the messengers released by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages have differing roles in the immune response. Which messenger enables cells to resist viral replication and slow viral replication?
Interferons
The nurse is caring for a client recovering from a major burn. Burns affect the immune system by causing a loss of large amounts of which of the following?
Serum, which depletes the body's store of immunoglobulins
When reviewing the laboratory test results of a client with X-linked agammaglobulinemia, which of the following would be most likely? Select all that apply.
• Low levels of IgM • Absent B cells
A 38-year-old female patient has begun to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis. She is also being assessed for disorders of the immune system. She works as an aide at a facility that cares for children infected with AIDS. Which of the following is the most important factor related to the patient's assessment?
Her use of other drugs.
Nursing students are reviewing information about the various types of primary immunodeficiencies. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following as an example of a primary immunodeficiency involving B-lymphocyte dysfunction?
IgA deficiency
A client with severe combined immunodeficiency is to receive a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Which of the following would the nurse expect to be started?
Immunosuppressive agents
A client is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). After recovering from the initial shock of the diagnosis, the client expresses a desire to learn as much as possible about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When teaching the client about the immune system, the nurse states that humoral immunity is provided by which type of white blood cell?
Lymphocyte
The nursing students are learning about the immune system in their anatomy and physiology class. What would these students learn is a component of the immune system?
Lymphoid Tissues
The nursing students are learning about the immune system in their anatomy and physiology class. What would these students learn is a component of the immune system?
Lymphoid tissues
Which of the following medication classifications are known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis or release?
NSAIDs in large doses
Which type of immunity becomes active as a result of the infection of a specific microorganism?
Naturally acquired active immunity
Ibuprofen (Motrin) has which effect on the immune system?
Neutropenia
Which of the following is a process in which the antigen-antibody molecule is coated with a sticky substance that facilitates phagocytosis?
Opsonization
Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse closely monitor in a patient who takes immunosuppressive drugs?
Respiratory or urinary system infections
Which stage of the immune response occurs when the differentiated lymphocytes function in either a humoral or a cellular capacity?
Response stage
A nurse is caring for a client with multiple sclerosis. Client education about the disease process includes which of the following explanations about the cause of the disorder?
The immune system recognizes one's own tissues as "foreign."
A 64-year-old male client, who leads a sedentary life-style, and a 31-year-old female client, who has a very stressful and active life-style, require a vaccine against a particular viral disorder. As the nurse, you would know that in one of this client's the vaccine will be less effective. In which client is the vaccine more likely to be less effective and why?
The male client because of his age
Which of the following statements accurately reflects current stem cell research?
The stem cell is known as a precursor cell that continually replenishes the body's entire supply of both red and white cells.
T-cell deficiency occurs when which of the following glands fails to develop normally during embryogenesis?
Thymus
The nurse is admitting a client to the unit with a diagnosis of ataxia-telangiectasia. A clinical manifestation is telangiectasia. The nurse would recognize that the client is exhibiting telangiectasia when assessing the presence of what?
Vascular lesions caused by dilated blood vessels
As a nursing instructor, you realize the importance of your students understanding the role of the immune system and its role to protect and defend the body from potential harm. What type of cells are the primary targets of the healthy immune system? Choose all correct options
• Infectious cells • Foreign cells • Cancerous cells
A nurse is preparing to give a client an infusion of gamma globulin. The nurse knows to stop the infusion if the client experiences which of the following symptoms? Choose all that apply.
• Shaking chills • Flank pain • Tightness in the chest
A client is diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Which of the following would the nurse identify as potential infections for this client? Choose all that apply.
• Staphylococcus aureus • Streptococcus pneumoniae • Haemophilus influenzae
As a nursing instructor, you realize the importance of your students understanding the role of the immune system and its role to protect and defend the body from potential harm. What type of cells are the primary participants in immune response? Choose all correct options.
• T-cell lymphocytes • B-cell lymphocytes
More than 50% of individuals with this disease develop pernicious anemia:
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
Which of the following immunoglobulins assumes a major role in blood-borne and tissue infections?
IgG
A 15-year-old client has been brought to the clinic by their mother and is suspected of having an immune system disorder. What tests would you expect to be ordered for this young client?
Complete Blood Count with differential
Proteins formed when cells are exposed to viral or foreign agents that are capable of activating other components of the immune system are referred to as
Interferons
A client is diagnosed with severe combined immunodficiency (SCID). Which of the following would the nurse expect to integrate into the client's plan of care?
Preparation for bone marrow transplantation
The nurse's base knowledge of primary immunodeficiencies includes which of the following statements?
Primary immunodeficiencies develop early in life after protection from maternal antibodies decreases.
The two types of inherited B-cell deficiencies result from lack of differentiation of B cells. These types result from which two of the following deficiencies? Choose the two that apply.
• Mature B-cells • Plasma cells
A B-cell deficiency, such as CVID, is a disorder characterized by the following. Choose all that apply.
• There is a disappearance of germinal centers from lymphatic tissue. • There is complete lack of antibody production. • Disease onset occurs most often in the second decade of life.
A secondary immunodeficiency is characterized by the following. Choose all that apply.
• It usually occurs as a result of underlying disease processes. • It frequently is caused by certain autoimmune disorders. • It may be caused by certain viruses.
A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a terminally ill client and his family about about the stages of dying and emotional reactions experienced. The nurse integrates knowledge of which of the following in the teaching plan?
Stages are applicable to any loss
