meiosis and mitosis bs test
You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in the figure. Which sample(s) might represent a zygote? I II III either I or II
1
A diploid organism whose somatic (nonsex) cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing _____ chromosomes. 64 30 16 32 8
16
Normal human gametes carry _____ chromosomes. 23 46 pairs of 23 pairs of 5 46
23
If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is represented by x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be __________. 0.25x 0.5x x 2x
2x
The following question refers to the essential steps in meiosis described below. 1. formation of four new nuclei, each with half the chromosomes present in the parental nucleus 2. alignment of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate 3. separation of sister chromatids 4. separation of the homologs; no uncoupling of the centromere 5. synapsis; chromosomes moving to the middle of the cell in pairs Which of the steps take(s) place in both mitosis and meiosis? 3 5 2 and 3 only 2, 3, and 5
3
What number and types of chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell? 21 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes 45 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome n chromosomes
44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes Human somatic cells contain 22 pairs of autosomes and either two X chromosomes (in females) or an X and a Y chromosome (in males).
A triploid cell contains three sets of chromosomes. If a cell of a usually diploid species with 42 chromosomes per cell is triploid, this cell would be expected to have which of the following? 21 chromosome pairs and 21 unique chromosomes 63 chromosomes in 31 1/2 pairs 63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3 63 chromosomes, each with three chromatids
63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3
Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations? A diploid cell divides by mitosis to produce two diploid daughter cells, which then fuse to produce a tetraploid cell. A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization, which is immediately followed by meiosis. A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte).
A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte).
Which statement correctly describes how cellular DNA content and ploidy levels change during meiosis I and meiosis II? DNA content is halved in both meiosis I and meiosis II. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid in meiosis I, and remains haploid in meiosis II. DNA content is halved in both meiosis I and meiosis II. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid only in meiosis II. DNA content is halved only in meiosis I. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid in meiosis I, and remains haploid in meiosis II. DNA content is halved only in meiosis I. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid only in meiosis II. DNA content is halved only in meiosis II. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid in meiosis I, and remains haploid in meiosis II.
DNA content is halved in both meiosis I and meiosis II. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid in meiosis I, and remains haploid in meiosis II.
sporophyte
Diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism. Makes haploid spores by meiosis.
Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16? The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell. Each cell has eight homologous pairs. A gamete from this species has four chromosomes. During the S phase of the cell cycle there will be 32 separate chromosomes.
Each cell has eight homologous pairs.
A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in the figure. A female with a paternal set of one orange and one long gene chromosome and a maternal set composed of one blue and one short gene chromosome is expected to produce which of the following types of eggs after meiosis? Each egg has a one-fourth chance of having blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short combinations. All eggs will have paternal types of gene combinations. Each egg has a three-fourths chance of having blue long, one-fourth blue short, three-fourths orange long, or one-fourth orange short combinations. Half the eggs will have maternal and half will have paternal combinations.
Each egg has a one-fourth chance of having blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short combinations.
Identify all possible products of meiosis in plant and animal life cycles.
Gametes (sperm and eggs) Spores
The somatic cells of a privet shrub each contain 46 chromosomes. To be as different as they are from human cells, which have the same number of chromosomes, which of the following must be true? Privet cells cannot reproduce sexually. Genes on a particular privet chromosome, such as the X, must be on a different human chromosome, such as number 18. Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different from those in humans. Privet shrubs must be metabolically more like animals than like other shrubs.
Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different from those in humans.
How are sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes different from each other? They are not different. Homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids are both identical copies of each other. Sister chromatids are only formed during mitosis. Homologous chromosomes are formed during meiosis. Homologous chromosomes are identical copies of each other. One sister chromatid comes from the father, and one comes from the mother. Homologous chromosomes contain the same gene loci but may have different alleles of a particular gene. Sister chromatids are identical copies of each other produced during DNA replication. Homologous chromosomes are closely associated with each other in both mitosis and meiosis. Sister chromatids are only associated with each other during mitosis.
Homologous chromosomes contain the same gene loci but may have different alleles of a particular gene. Sister chromatids are identical copies of each other produced during DNA replication.
Which of the following happens during meiosis I? Sister chromatids are separated. The chromosome number per cell is conserved. Four daughter cells are formed. Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other.
Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other.
Refer to the drawings in the figure of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis. Which diagram represents anaphase I of meiosis? I II IV V
I
You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in the figure. Which sample(s) of DNA might be from a skin cell arrested in G0 of the cell cycle? I II either I or II either I or III
I
For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. prophase I V. prophase II II. metaphase I VI. metaphase II III. anaphase I VII. anaphase II IV. telophase I VIII. telophase II Synaptonemal complexes form or are still present. I only I and IV only I and VIII only I, II, III, and IV only
I only
Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure. Which of the life cycles is (are) typical for animals? I only II only III only I and II
I only
For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. prophase I V. prophase II II. metaphase I VI. metaphase II III. anaphase I VII. anaphase II IV. telophase I VIII. telophase II Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle. I II IV VI
II
You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in the figure. Which sample(s) might represent an animal cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle? I II III both I and II
II
Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure. Which of the life cycles is (are) typical for plants and some algae? I only II only III only I and II
II only
Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Which of the following elements do all sexual life cycles have in common? I. alternation of generations II. meiosis III. fertilization IV. gametes V. spores II, III, and IV I, IV, and V II, IV, and V I, II, and IV
II, III, and IV
Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure. Which of the life cycles is (are) typical for most fungi and some protists? I only II only III only I and III
III only
In eukaryotes, genetic information is passed to the next generation by processes that include mitosis or meiosis. Which of the explanations identifies the correct process and supports the claim that heritable information is passed from one generation to another? In asexual reproduction, a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes. Mitosis, followed by cytokinesis, produces daughter cells that are genetically different from the parent cell, thus insuring variation within the population. During mitosis, DNA replication occurs twice within the cell cycle to insure a full set of chromosomes within each of the daughter cells produced. Single-celled organisms can fuse their cells, reproducing asexually through mitosis to form new cells that are not identical to the parent cell.
In asexual reproduction, a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes.
Which of these statements is true? Sexual life cycles among different types of organisms are identical with respect to the relative timing of meiosis and fertilization. In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XX) or male (XY). Single, haploid (n) sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization, forming a haploid (n), single-celled zygote. At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis.
In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XX) or male (XY).
Which of the following is a true statement about sexual versus asexual reproduction? In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit 50% of their genes to each of their offspring. Asexual reproduction produces only haploid offspring. In asexual reproduction, offspring are produced by fertilization without meiosis. Asexual reproduction, but not sexual reproduction, is characteristic of plants and fungi.
In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit 50% of their genes to each of their offspring
If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following statements describes the contents of this cell? It is identical in content to another cell from the same meiosis. It has the same number of chromosomes, but each of them has different alleles than another cell from the same meiosis. It has half the amount of DNA of the cell that began meiosis. It has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the originating cell.
It has half the amount of DNA of the cell that began meiosis.
A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore conclude which of the following? It must be human. It must be sexually reproducing. It must be an animal. Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes.
Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes
There is a group of invertebrate animals called rotifers, among which a particular group of species reproduces, as far as is known, only asexually. These rotifers, however, have survived a long evolutionary history without evidence of having been overcome by excessive mutations. Because the rotifers develop from eggs, but asexually, what can you predict? Although asexual, both males and females are found in nature. The animals are all males. No males can be found. The eggs and the zygotes are all haploid.
No males can be found.
Genetic variation leads to genetic diversity in populations and is the raw material for evolution. Biological systems have multiple processes, such as reproduction, that affect genetic variation. They are evolutionarily conserved and shared by various organisms. Which statement best represents the connection between reproduction and evolution? Since prokaryotic organisms reproduce asexually, there is no mechanism for them to add genetic diversity for evolution. In order to increase genetic diversity for evolution in sexually reproducing organisms, mutations must occur in the zygote after fertilization. Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation because random mutations can be shuffled between organisms. Plants that use sexual reproduction are rare since this type of reproduction in plants does not contribute to genetic diversity.
Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation because random mutations can be shuffled between organisms.
Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below. There is a group of invertebrate animals called rotifers, among which a particular group of species reproduces, as far as is known, only asexually. These rotifers, however, have survived a long evolutionary history without evidence of having been overcome by excessive mutations. How is natural selection related to sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction? Sexual reproduction allows the greatest number of offspring to be produced. Sexual reproduction results in the greatest number of new mutations. Sexual reproduction results in the most appropriate and healthiest balance of two sexes in a population. Sexual reproduction results in many new gene combinations, some of which will lead to differential reproduction.
Sexual reproduction results in many new gene combinations, some of which will lead to differential reproduction.
When homologous chromosomes cross over, what is the result? Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA. Each of the four DNA strands of a homologous pair is broken, and the pieces are mixed. Two sister chromatids get tangled, resulting in one altering the sequence of its DNA. Specific proteins break the two strands of nonsister chromatids and re-join them.
Specific proteins break the two strands of nonsister chromatids and re-join them.
Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not during mitosis? A spindle apparatus forms. Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate. Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles. Chromosomes condense. Synapsis occurs.
Synapsis occurs. he pairing of homologous chromosomes that only occurs during prophase I of meiosis is called synapsis.
What is the best evidence telling you whether this cell is diploid or haploid? The cell is diploid because each chromosome consists of two chromatids. The cell is diploid because it contains two sets of chromosomes. The cell is haploid because the chromosomes are not found in pairs.
The cell is diploid because it contains two sets of chromosomes. Only diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes, one maternal and one paternal. Read about diploid cells.
For what purpose(s) might a karyotype be prepared? for prenatal screening, to determine if a fetus has the correct number of chromosomes to determine whether a fetus is male or female to detect the possible presence of chromosomal abnormalities such as deletions, inversions, or translocations The first and second answers are correct. The first three answers are correct.
The first three answers are correct.
Which of the following explanations of other meiotic processes and fertilization would also increase variation within a population? Separation of nonhomologus chromosomes in meiosis II results in variation of the chromosome number in the gametes produced. The doubling of the chromosome number in meiosis increases the genetic variation within the gametes produced. The random fertilization of egg cells by sperm increases variation within the population by producing new combinations of chromosomes within the zygote. The alignment of nonhomologous chromosomes during mitosis increases the variation within the gametes produced.
The random fertilization of egg cells by sperm increases variation within the population by producing new combinations of chromosomes within the zygote.
In a life cycle such as that shown in part III of the figure, if the zygote's chromosome number is 10, which of the following will be true? The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 10 chromosomes per cell. The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 5 chromosomes per cell. The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is 5 and the gametophyte's is 10. The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is 10 and the gametophyte's is 5.
The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is 10 and the gametophyte's is 5.
How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis? They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA. They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
During mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesins. Such molecules must have which of the following properties? They must be removed before meiosis can begin. They must persist throughout the cell cycle. They must be removed before sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes can separate. They must be intact for nuclear envelope re-formation.
They must be removed before sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes can separate
Refer to the drawings in the figure of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis. Which diagram(s) represent(s) anaphase II of meiosis? II only III only V only either II or V
V only
For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. prophase I V. prophase II II. metaphase I VI. metaphase II III. anaphase I VII. anaphase II IV. telophase I VIII. telophase II Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate. III IV V VII
VII
Which of the following statements best describes a karyotype? the collection of all the chromosomes in an individual organism a display of all of the chromosomes of a single cell the combination of all the maternal and paternal chromosomes of a species a pictorial representation of all the genes for a species
a display of all of the chromosomes of a single cell
Which of the following types of cells would be produced by meiosis? a diploid unicellular organism a haploid animal cell a diploid plant cell a diploid animal cell
a haploid animal cell
A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is __________. a sperm a somatic cell of a male a zygote an egg
a sperm
Which of the following cell types or organisms can utilize both mitosis and meiosis in the correct circumstances? a diploid cell from a plant stem any diploid animal cell a unicellular alga a haploid animal cell
a unicellular alga
Which of these is a way that the sexual life cycle increases genetic variation in a species? by increasing gene stability by conserving chromosomal gene order by decreasing mutation frequency by allowing crossing over by allowing an increase in cell number
allowing cross over
Which of the following events might result in a human zygote with 45 chromosomes? multiple crossover events during meiosis I failure of the egg nucleus to be fertilized by the sperm an error in the alignment of chromosomes on the metaphase plate an error in either egg or sperm meiotic anaphase
an error in either egg or sperm meiotic anaphase
For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes? 23 46 460 approximately 8.4 million
approximately 8.4 million
Which of the following statements best describes how often crossing over occurs in humans? ~2 times per meiotic cell at least 1-3 times per chromosome pair ~50 times per chromosome pair ~1 time per pair of sister chromatids
at least 1-3 times per chromosome pair
If an organism is diploid and a certain gene found in the organism has 18 known alleles (variants), then any given organism of that species can/must have which of the following? up to, but not more than, 18 different traits up to 18 genes for that trait up to 18 chromosomes with that gene at most, 2 alleles for that gene
at most, 2 alleles for that gene
Two sister chromatids are joined at the centromere prior to meiosis. Which statement is correct? The cell that contains these sister chromatids must be haploid. These chromatids make up a diploid chromosome. Barring mutation, the two sister chromatids must be identical.
barring mutation, the two sister chromatids must be identical
Which of these cells is (are) haploid? C and D B A and D B and C D
c and D
If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants? Clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one. Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits. Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits. Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one.
clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one
rossing over plays a critical role in increasing the genetic variation among offspring of sexual reproduction. It is important to understand how crossing over occurs and its consequences in meiosis. Look carefully at the diagrams depicting different stages in meiosis in a cell where 2n = 6. Assume that the red chromosomes are of maternal origin and the blue chromosomes are of paternal origin.
crossover happens in metaphase 1 and anaphase 2
which of the following statements is true (picture on the side) This cell is haploid. This cell is diploid. It is impossible to tell whether the cell is haploid or diploid.
diploid This cell contains two copies of each chromosome, one from the male parent and the other from the female parent, making it diploid.
This chromosome has two chromatids, joined at the centromere. What process led to the formation of the two chromatids? The two chromatids were formed by duplication of a chromosome. The two chromatids were formed by fertilization, bringing together maternal and paternal chromatids. The two chromatids were formed by synapsis and the formation of a synaptonemal complex.
duplication
Chromatids are separated from each other during which of the following processes? only during meiosis I only during mitosis only during meiosis II during both mitosis and meiosis II
during mitosis and meiosis II
The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division malfunctions, and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following? telophase I of one meiotic event either anaphase I or II telophase II of one meiotic event mitosis in her ovary
either anaphase I or II
Heritable variation is required for which of the following? the production of a clone meiosis mitosis asexual reproduction evolution
evolution
Which of the following structures is found in a pair of homologous chromosomes? four sister chromatids two sister chromatids that have synapsed four unique chromosomes two single-stranded chromosomes that have synapsed
four sister chromatids
Referring to a plant's sexual life cycle, which of the following processes leads directly to the formation of gametes? gametophyte mitosis gametophyte meiosis sporophyte mitosis sporophyte meiosis
gametophyte mitosis
After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
The human X and Y chromosomes are about the same size and have approximately the same number of genes. include genes that determine an individual's sex. are both present in every somatic cell of males and females alike. are almost entirely homologous, despite their different names.
includes genes that determine an individuals sex
When does the synaptonemal complex disappear? mid-prophase of meiosis II late prophase of meiosis I early anaphase of meiosis I late metaphase of meiosis II
late prophase of meiosis I
In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common? length and position of the centromere only length, centromere position, and staining pattern only length, centromere position, staining pattern, and DNA sequences length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes
length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes
Genetic variation occurs when chromosomes are shuffled in fertilization and what other process? genetic drift natural selection meiosis mitosis mutation
meiosis
Human gametes are produced by _____. asexual reproduction the cell cycle mitosis fertilization meiosis
meiosis
During which process does independent assortment of chromosomes occur? during mitosis and meiosis I during meiosis I only during meiosis II only during mitosis only
meiosis I
Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during __________. mitosis meiosis II meiosis I fertilization
meiosis I
At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype? anaphase telophase prophase metaphase
metaphase
Refer to the following information and the figure to answer the following question. A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in the figure. A certain female's number 12 chromosomes both have the blue gene and number 19 chromosomes both have the long gene. As cells in her ovaries undergo meiosis, her resulting eggs (ova) may have which of the following? either one blue or one orange gene in addition to either one long or one short gene either two number 12 chromosomes with blue genes or two with orange genes one chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one long gene either two number 19 chromosomes with long genes or two with short genes
one chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one long gene
Which of the following is the smallest unit that would contain a complete copy of the entire human genome? one human chromosome all of the DNA of one human one human somatic cell one human gene
one human somatic cell
A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in the figure. If a female of this species has one chromosome 12 with a blue gene and another chromosome 12 with an orange gene, and has both number 19 chromosomes with short genes, she will produce which of the following egg types? only blue short gene eggs one-half blue short and one-half orange short gene eggs three-fourths blue short and one-fourth orange short gene eggs only orange short gene eggs
one-half blue short and one-half orange short gene eggs
Which of the following describes a karyotype? organized images of a cell's chromosomes a display of all the cell types in an organism a natural cellular arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus a display of a cell's mitotic stages
organized images of a cell's chromosomes
To visualize and identify meiotic cells at metaphase I with a microscope, what would you look for? individual chromosomes all at the cell's center sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome grouped at the poles pairs of homologous chromosomes all aligned at the cell's center an uninterrupted spindle array
pairs of homologous chromosomes all aligned at the cell's center
Asexual reproduction __________. produces offspring genetically identical to the parent requires both meiosis and mitosis is limited to single-cell organisms is limited to plants leads to a loss of genetic material
produces offspring genetically identical to the parent
When we see chiasmata under a microscope, that lets us know that which of the following processes has occurred? prophase I separation of homologs meiosis II anaphase II
prophase I
In alternation of generations, what is the diploid stage of a plant that follows fertilization called? spore chiasmata karyotype gametophyte sporophyte
sporophyte
In part three of the figure, the progression of events corresponds to which of the following series? fertilization, mitosis, multicellular haploid, mitosis, spores, sporophyte sporophyte, meiosis, spore, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, gametes, fertilization gametophyte, meiosis, zygote, spores, sporophyte, zygote zygote, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, fertilization, zygote, mitosis
sporophyte, meiosis, spore, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, gametes, fertilization
Which of the following events occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? condensation of chromatin synapsis of chromosomes production of daughter cells chromosome replication
synapsis of chromosomes
Which of the following descriptions correctly defines a genome? the complete set of an organism's polypeptides a karyotype representation of a complete set of a cell's polypeptides the complete set of an organism's genes
the complete set of an organism's genes
What is crossing over? the movement of genetic material from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome the exchange of homologous portions of nonsister chromatids also referred to as the "independent assortment of chromosomes" a direct consequence of the separation of sister chromatids making an RNA copy of a DNA strand
the exchange of homologous portions of nonsister chromatids
Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis is a result of the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II. the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I. the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm. the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes.
the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I
Mitosis results in the formation of how many cells; meiosis results in the formation of how many cells? two diploid cells ... two diploid cells two diploid cells ... two haploid cells four diploid cells ... four haploid cells four haploid cells ... two diploid cells two diploid cells ... four haploid cells
two diploid cells ... four haploid cells
If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is represented by x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be 2x. If we continued to follow the cell lineage, the DNA content of a cell at metaphase of meiosis II would be __________. 0.25x 0.5x x 2x
x