Mental Dental Complete NBDE part II
Simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) what does it measure?
quantifies amount of : debris (DI-s) calculus (CI-S) oral hygiene -good -fair -poor
risk marker or predictor definition periodontitis risk marker or predictors (3)
quantitative association with disease previous history of periodontal disease BOP CAL (most important!!)
most common odontogenic cyst
radicular cyst
most odontogenic cysts are
radio L
most odontogenic tumors are
radio L
measures of dispersion (3)
range variance SD
Measures of dispersion what is RANGE? what is VARIANCE? what is STANDARD DEVIATION
range: max minus min variance: how spread out individual values are from the mean SD: square root of variance
developing a more adaptive thought as a means of coping "i cant do this" -> I did this last time
rational response. /reframing / cognitive coping
Third party payers Usual,customary, and reasonable table of allowances fee schedule
reasonable fee based on geographic location max plan will pay for procedure but ALLOWS dentist to charge more list of FEES the dentist has agreed upon for dental services ( insurance will cover in full)
HEALING AFTER SURGERY reattachment Vs new attachment
reattachment: reunion of epithelial and connective tissue with root surface after incision or injury new attachment: embedding of new PDL fibers into new cementum that has been previously deprived of its original attachment
which one is stronger: rectangular wire vs round which one is stronger: beam vs cantilever
rectangle beam
phase 2 - SURGICAL: what do we do? When is phase 2 done
reduce or eliminate periodontal pockets, correct soft and hard tissue defects, regenerate periodontal tissues, or place implants phase 2 is done when phase 1 iss not successful
GA with halothane is commonly preceded by atropine to
reduce salivation and bronchial secretions caused by halothane
IEE + OEE =
reduced enamel epithelium
HEALING AFTER SURGERY regeneration vs repair?
regeneration- completely restore architecture and function repair- NOT completely restore architecture/function *healing by scar or LONG JE
ghost teeth
regional odontodysplasia
ADDING more teeth to the anchor unit so that the reaction force is distributed over a bigger PDL area
reinforce danchorage
quality of Diagnostic test Reliability vs validity describe
reliability= precision getting consistant results from a test - don't have to be the right result validity= accuracy how close to the truth the results are
Type 3 gypsum used for
removable prostheses and diagnostic casts
The decrease in ventilation caused by morphine, meperidine and some of the related opioids depends chiefly on
rendering the respiratory centerin the brain stem less sensitive to changes in CO2
Autistic pts demonstrate ______________ behavior and ________________________ of light and sound
repetitive, heightened sense
avulsed primary tooth < 30 mins, what do you do?
replant, flexible splint 1-2 weeks, soft diet, antibiotics, endo tx
OSHA if you get needle stick what must you get?
report eval follow up
Extrusion if patient is seen before formation of periapical blood clot - what is tx ?
reposition carefully, flexible splint for 1-2 weeks, endo treatment
subtractive Sx (3)
resective osseous surgery, gingivectomy, apically positioned flap
During growth of the mandible (intramembranous) where does RESORPTION happen? where does apposition happen? 3
resorp- anterior ramus *for molars to fit apposition- post ramus, chin, coronoid process, alveolus
where does resorption of maxilla occur (during growth) where does apposition occur?
resorp:anterior maxilla appo: alveolus, tuberosity,
Barbiturate overdose will kill you due to
respiratory failure
The immediate cause of death from irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors are
respiratory paralysis
2 types of lichen planus
reticular -MC errosive
pros and cons of screw retained implant
retrievability allows for crown removal and good maintenance screw loosen
indications for Bisagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO)
retrusive mandible protrusive mandible
indications for Lefort 1 osteotomy
retrusive maxilla vertical maxillary excess
Anticholinesterase (drugs) cholinesterase breaks down ach
reversible -Physostigmine -Neostigmine
AQUEOUS HYDROCOLLOIDS consist of (2)
reversible hydrocolloid (agar) irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate)
__________________ = baby tooth causing ulceration on ventral tongue, smooth or extract it. can cause nursing difficulties
riga-fede disease
Minor connector should form ----- with MC
right angle
metal - porca jxn sshould be at
right angle
major connector requirements 3
rigidity*** not placed on movable tissues rounded edges for comfort
when do we use a CTG
root coverage
do not falsely reassure
"dont worry"
highest risk sites for cancer
#1 FOM #2 post lateral tongue
how do we fluoridate developing countries that does not have safe water?
salt fluoridation 200 mg fluoride per Kg of salt
PUBLIC HEALTH the __________ and ________ of preventing diseases, prolonging life, promoting physical health
science art
uniform widening of PDL limited opening
scleroderma
what type of implant crown is better when you have limited restorative space
screw retained
healing is by primary or seccondary intent -after gingival Sx
seccondary intent
Want to avoid extraction what teeth because they prevent other teeth from drifting and is used for space maintence
second primary molar (E's)
macrolides such as erythromycin inhibit the metabolism of drugs such as
seldane and digoxin
Clonidine
selective a2 inhibitor
Patient autonomy respect pt's right to __________ and _____________
self determination privacy
Total joint replacement is done for
severely pathologic joints -osteoarthritis -rheumatoid arthritis
Periodontitis staging determined by
severity and extend of disease at presentation
genital and lymphoid tissue seem opposite on the growth curve why
sex hormones: estrogen + testosterone cause the lymphoid tissue to stop growing
Preps for primary teeth are more _____________ due to thinner enamel
shallow
setting small attainable goals and rewarding yourself after each step
shaping
Furcation factors (inc chance of furc involvement)
short root trunk short root roots are close cervical enamel projection
Type I dentin dysplasia demonstrates.... whereas type II dentin dysplasia demonstrates.....
short roots, chevron pulps
Scaling stroke
short, strong pull stroke to remove hard deposites
anatomic prognostic factors that predispose patients to perio disease (8)
short, tapered roots cervical enamel projections/enamel pearls bifurcation ridges root concavities developmental grooves root proximity furcation involvement tooth mobility
occ therapy should be delayed until---
should be delayed until after inflammation is resolved
Md major connector 2 facts
should not impinge on moveable tiss releif and blockout are necesssary to facillitate RPD insert and removal
PFM margin design bucc vs lingual
shoulder - bucc chamfer - lingual
balanced occlusion for dentures definition
simultaneous anterior and bilateral posterior contacts (tripodization) in centric and eccentric movements to maintain seating of dentures
how will anxious patients act?
sit still not say much
Growth SITE vs Growth CENTER
site- where growth is OCCURRING center- ability to control its own GROWTH
growth modification used to treat (2)
skeletal class 2 skeletal class 3
anterior crossbite many teeth tx
skeletal class 3 reverse pull headgear
DISTRIBUTION tail to the right or left= ___________ distribution two peaks = _____________ distribution
skewed bimodal
PAYMENT PLANS (how dr gets paid) Sliding scale fee Balance billing Prospective reimbursement (FQHC)
sliding ---- cost is adjusted based on pt income balance-- dentist charge pt remaining BALANCE between total and what insurance covered prospective --- dentist paid predetermined fixed amount before treatment provided
name some risk FACTORS for perio
smoking diabetes pathogenic bacteria plaque
systemic prognostic factors (3) and why
smoking: have increased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease and decreased healing response to both nonsurgical and surgical therapy diabetes: poorly controlled diabetes has worse prognosis than well-controlled parkinson's: compromise the patient's ability to perform oral hygiene
TOPICAL fluoride is best for what AREA?
smooth surfaces
Motivation to change behavior is influenced by several factors what THEORYs
social cognitive theory Health Belief model
social cognitive theory: Positive SOCIAL consequences
social reinforcement
Fact witness who is that?
someone who was there
zinc oxide eugenol (temp bond)
soothes pulp contains eugenol-- inhibits polymerization of resin
fricative or labiodental sounds = f, v, ph**
sounds made via contact between the maxillary incisors and wet/dry line of lower lip help determine position of incisal edge of maxillary anterior teeth
combination syndrome is
specific pattern of bone resorption in the anterior edentulous maxilla when it is opposing mandibular anterior teeth only
2 categories of flaps based on thickness
split or partial thickness flap (mucosal) full thickness flap (mucoperiosteal)
tissue stop functions 2
stabelizes framework maintains space below framework to allow acrylic to flow
what 3 things does a ridge provide
stability support retention
factors that favor disclusion of post teeth post guidance
steep horozontal condylar inclincation (HCL less bennett movement
factors that favor disclusion of post teeth anterior guidance
steep incisal guid steep canine guid
destruction of ALL life forms (bacteria, virus, SPORES)
sterilization
growth modification - patient must be
still growing
Morphine causes vomiting by
stimulation of the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone
3 types of mouth guards
stock mouth formed (boil and bite) custom fabricated - made by dentist
FACIAL CONVEXITY straight convex concave what OCCLUSION CLASS are they usually?
straight- 1 convex-2 concave- 3
primary colonizers are what bac ---------- what do they eat
strept species actinomyces ----------- carbon/sugars
perceived threat to one well being
stress
what are longitudinal studies? includes what types of studies (3)
studies that follow people in time (not a one time thing) case control studies prospective cohort study retrospective cohort study
3 implant types
subpereosteal transosteal endosteal << focus on this
N R blockers at NMJ
succinylcoline --- irreverse tobucurarine
SPACE ANALYSIS - tanaka johnston method
sum width of mandibular incisors are plug into equation
SPACE ANALYSIS -- MOYER's nethod
sum width of mandibular incisors is used to compare to table to get final result
metal substructure provides 2
support and increases strength of porca
removal of SUPPORTING bone is called? removal of NON supporting bone is called?
supporting- osteECTOMY non- osteOTOMY
DENTAL PLAQUE supragingival subgingival aerobic vs anaerobic
supra- aerobic subgingival - anaerobic
SUPRAgingival components of plaque come from WHERE? SUBgingival components of plaque come from WHERE?
supra- saliva sub- GCF
Supra vs Sub G calculus color minaralization products are from
supra- white/yellow - mineralization via saliva, sub- dark - mineralization via GCF
types of external root resorption
surface = normal PDL, small areas replacement = ankylosis, risk increases with long-term splinting inflammatory = granulation tissue, radiolucency cervical (CRR) = biologic width area, pink spot apical (ARR) = orthodontic forces
what is: sustain talk change talk commitment talk
sustain- not ready to change change- favor change commitment- ready to change
intramembranous ossification seen in (2)
sutures cranial vault maxilla mandible ?
what is the only true growth CENTER
synchondrosis (cranial base)
pattern of anomalies that occur together in PREDICTABLE fashion due to single etiology
syndrome
exposing patients to items from a LIST from LEAST fearful to MOST fearful
systematic desensitization/ graded exposure
False positive when you reject a null hypothesis that should have been accepted type ________ error
(type 1 error)
Apert Syndrome AKA? characteristics
*Acrocephalosyndactyly* *Syndactyly* (fusion of finger/toe) Acrocephalic (tall skull) Byzantine arch (narrow/high vault)
CROUZON syndrome characteristics
*Midface deficiency* *HYPERTELORISM (wide eyes)* short skull = brachycephalic frontal bossing proptosis (bulging eyes)
What is responsible for closure of diastema in ugly duck stage
*max perm canines
nikolsky sign of pemphigus V. and pemphigoid
+ Slight rubbing of skin or mucosa results in shedding of outtermost layer
Calcification start dates for primary tooth crowns Central incisors? first molars? lateral incisors? canines? second molars
- 14 weeks in utero (central incisors) - 15 weeks in utero (first molars) - 16 weeks in utero (lateral incisors) - 17 weeks in utero (canines) - 18 weeks in utero (second molars)
primary mand 2nd molar #cusps / canals
- 5 cusps - 2 roots (M is bigger with 2 canals)
what is a 2 piece abutment
- Abutment screw and abutment are separate components - Has an antirotation component More common
what is a one piece abutment
- Abutment screw is a part of the abutment (abutment + screw is one piece ) - No antirotation component
Post-Operative Complications- General anesthesia
- Alectasis= collapse of portion of lung, fever - Pneumatosis intestinalis= air in the intestines, fever
Semilunar incision location used for impossible
- Apical to the mucogingival junction - used For apicoectomy - Apically displaced flap is impossible in maxillary palatal
4 TMJ ligaments
- Capsular ligament - Discal/collateral ligament - Posterior ligament - Lateral ligament
GLUTARALDEHYDE is ? how much time
- Cold solution used for heat-sensitive items - Requires a long time
4 types of biopsy
- Cytology - Aspiration - Incisional - Excisional
Post-Operative Complications • BSSO which one is the most common what are the rest (4
- Damage to IAN/paresthesia << most common - Condylar sag= relapse, more potential for relapse with osteotomy than distraction osteogenesis - Swelling - Infection - Bleeding
Osseointegration
- Direct histologic contact between bone and implant surface
Attaches to the medial and lateral poles of the condyle Keeps the disc attached to the condyle during movement
- Discal/collateral ligament
recurrent HSV infection types -- 2 and where they occur
- Herpes labialis (cold sore, fever blister) Occurs on vermilion border - Recurrent intraoral herpes Occurs on attached gingiva, hard palate
what is a 2 piece implant
- Implant and abutment are separate components - Implant drilled into bone, then abutment attached next
what is a one piece implant
- Implant body and abutment are attached together - Drilled into bone as one unit - Cannot correct angle between the two components
• BSSO - Mandibular advancement > to correct --- - Mandibular setback > to correct ---
- Mandibular advancement > to correct Class II - Mandibular setback > to correct Class III
• LeFort I - Maxillary advancement > to correct---- - Maxillary setback > to correct ----
- Maxillary advancement > to correct Class III - Maxillary setback > to correct Class II
• LeFort I - Maxillary superior repositioning > to correct --- - Maxillary inferior repositioning > to correct ---
- Maxillary superior repositioning > to correct open bite, to shorten face - Maxillary inferior repositioning > to correct deep bite, to lengthen face
winters classification easiest EXT hardest EXT
- Mesioangular= easiest - Distoangular= most difficult
Cap stage Enamel organ (enamel) contains what layers? Dental papilla give rise to what tooth structure?
- OEE ,IEE, stellate reticulum (between layers), enamel knot (cusp tips) dentin and pulp
Implant Secondary stability
- Osseointegration - Long-term healing of the bone to the titanium alloy
reorganization of fibers / how long after ortho is complete - PDL fibers reorganize - Gingival fibers reorganize - Supracrestal fibers reorganize
- PDL fibers reorganize in 3-4 months after ortho removal - Gingival fibers reorganize in 4-6 months after ortho removal - Supracrestal fibers reorganize in 1 year or more after ortho removal
Fibrousintegration
- Presence of fibrous tissue layer between implant and bone - Failure of OI
when placing implant - the osteotomy is squentially enlarged for 2 reasons
- Reduces heat generated - Helps to maintain axis with free-hand surgery
What factors could make plaque indiced gingival disease worse
systemic factors medications malnutrition
implant Primary stability
- When you first place implant how well screw pattern holds
Defects in the Bell Stage: Histodifferentiation can lead to what?
- amelogenesis imperfecta - dentinogenesis imperfecta
Appliance used for early loss of primary first molar
- band and loop - LLHA or nane
Calcification start dates for PERM tooth crowns first molars? all ant teeth except max laterals? max laterals? first premolars? second premolars? second molars?
- birth (first molar) - 6 months (all ant teeth except max laterals) - 12 months (max laterals) - 18 months (first premolars) - 24 months (second premolars) - 30 months (second molars)
If lateral incisor is missing, what do you do for tx?
- canine substitution or prosthetic replacement
High frenum tx
- close space first, then frenectomy
Failure in initiation stage leads to what type of defects?
- congenitally missing teeth - supernumerary teeth
Two appliances for thumbsucking
- crib - stainless steel fixed reminder appliance in anterior palate region - blue grass - fixed reminder appliance with roller in anterior palate region
Tx for ANUG
- debridement - oxidizing mouth rinse - antibiotics
appliance used for early loss of primary second molar
- distal shoe from first primary molar to unerupted perm first molar - LLHA or nance if perm first molar is erupted
Generalized microdontia can be seen in what type of patients?
- down syndrome - pituitary dwarfism - ectodermal dysplasia
Fluorosis effects enamel or dentin? tetracycline staining effects enamel or dentin?
- enamel - dentin
Defects in maturation stage lead to....
- enamel hypomineralization - fluorosis - tetracycline staining
Tooth germ consists of what?
- enamel organ - dental papilla - dental follicle
Defects during apposition stage can lead to...
- enamel/hypoplasia - enamel pearls - concrescence
Thumbsucking can lead to...
- increase overjet - anterior open bite - max constriction - posterior crossbite
Primate space is where?
- mesial to upper canine - distal to lower canine
Most common pyschostimulant medications for ADHD
- methylphenidate (ritalin) - atomoxetine (strattera) - amphetamine (adderall)
Initiation: Oral epithelium = dental lamina = ectomesenchyme =
- outer layer - first evidence of forming, budding teeth - signals overlying oral epithelium to proliferate into dental lamina
Genearlized macrodontia can be seen in patients that suffer from...
- pituitary gigantism - pineal hyperplasia with hyperinsulinism
characteristics of healthy gingiva in children
- reddish - rounded and rolled margins - flabby consistency - lack of stippling - deeper sulcus
Defects in bell stage: morphodifferentiation can lead to what?
- size and shape abnormalities - peg laterals - macrodontia
Failures in bud stage can lead to what defects?
- supernumerary teeth - congenital absence
Tx for regional odontodysplasia?
- support eruption and extract affected teeth
Primary tooth anatomy summ (10)
- thinner enamel - thinner dentin - bigger pulp - whiter - occlusally directed enamel rods - cervical bulge - more divergent roots - small or absent root trunk wider M-D than perm shorter I-G than perm
START fibro osseous bone lesions
------------------------
List of NSAIDS
-Aspirin -Diflunisal -Indomethacin -Phenylbutazone
Competitive muscarinic receptor blocker - Drugs
-Atropine -Scopolamine -Propantheline decrease saliva / emergency drug to tx bradycardia
Anti-inflammatories include:
-Prednisone -Hydroxycorticosteroid -Triamcinolone
corticosteroids (list)
-Triamcinolone
NSAIDS effects
-analgesic effects -antipyretic effects -effects on bleeding time
Atropine
-blocks vagal reflexive control of HR> tachy cardia (so does METHANTHELINE)
Defects in cap stage are...
-cyst/odontoma - gemination - fusion - dens in dente
Acetaminophen
-lack anti-inflammatory properties -hepatotoxicity -does not cause GI upset
List of MMA (mixed agonist-antagonists)
-pentazocine -nalbuphine
Scopalamine is useful in treating
-peptic ulcers -providing euphoria and amnesia prior to surgery -relieving bronchoconstriction -relieving some symptoms of Parkinsons -Visualization of the retina
Effects of Morphine:
-respiratory depression -euphoria -sedation -dysphoria -analgesia -constipation -urinary retention
HAMP classification (furcation) 0 1 2 3
0 - no furc involve 1 <3mm 2: >3mm 3: thru and thru
MILLER MOBILITY class 0 1 2 3
0 - physiologic 1- slightly more than normal 2 - moderately more than normal (≤1mm) 3 >1mm and vertically depressed
Phases of perio treatment plan
0 - prelim phase 1 - non surgical phase 2 -surgical phase 3 - restorative phase 4 - maintenance phase
ANB angle -- compores Maxilla to mandible _____ or below is class 3 _______ is normal ______ or above is Class 2
0 = class 3 2 = normal 4 = class 2
when initially setting a curette into the pocket, angulation between the blade and tooth should be
0 degrees - closed angle
PERIODONTAL INDEX CPITN (community periodontal index of treatment needs) 0-4 ? who doesnt like it? why?
0 healthy 1 bleeding 2 calculus 3 shallow pocket 4 deep pocket AAP (doesnt account for recession)
What are porcelain veneer reduction requirements?
0.3 mm gingival 1/3 reduction 0.5 mm facial reduction 1-2 mm incisal reduction Intra-enamel preparation
HIV ____% of transmission after needlestick DNA vs RNA Vaccine?
0.3% RNA no vaccine
What is the minimum ratio of height to base regarding tooth preparation?
0.4
Water fluoridation: proper range ? smell color taste
0.7 to 1.2 ppm no smell colorless tasteless
Frankl ____ = definitely negative
1
Infants should drink from a cup as they approach what age?
1
gold alloys type 1-4 % gold
1 - 99 2- 77 3 - 72 4- 69
gold alloys type 1-4 what each is used for
1 - class V restorations only 2 - inlays 3- onlays/ crown 4- Bridges Post and core Clasps RPD castings
GLICKMAN. (furcation) 1 2 3 4
1 Incipient - into the flute 2 Cul de sac - into the furca 3 through and through 4 through and through that you can see clinically
FOUR ways to fix furcation (by making it easier to clean them)
1 furcation plasty 2. tunneling 3. root amputation 4. hemisection
elongated pulp chamber and short roots.
taurodontism
how can you verify that the pt understands the treatment option
teach back method
natal teeth are...
teeth present at birth
neonatal teeth are...
teeth that erupt within first 30 days
how can you give STRESSED patients a sense of control
tell them what to expect hand signals (to break) time structuring
ultrasonic sscalers are used for
tenacious calculus
STAGES OF CHANGE 1 2 3 4 5
1 precontemplation 2 contemplation 3 preparation 4 action 5 maintenance
order of steps after die is cleaned
1 waxing 2 spruing 3 investing 4 burnout 5 casting 6 recovery 7 quenching
First dental visit should be by what age?
1 year old
Any agent that interferes with early development
teratogen
What antibiotic chelates with calcium
tetracycline
modified widman flap: incisions involved provides acces to what areas? for what purpose?
the 3 horozontal incision provides access to subgingival areas for debridement with the goal of new attachment (un-repositioned flap)
Radiograph follow ups are done at ____, ____, and _____ after incident of trauma
1,2,6 months
INFRABONY DEFECTS 1 wall 2 wall 3 wall 4 wall most common?
1- hemiseptal 2- crater (most common) 3- trough 4- circumferential (ext site)
Miller class (recession) 1-4
1- recession not to MGJ (no interdental bone loss) 2- recession to MGJ or past (no interdental bone loss) 3- recession to MGJ or past (interprox bone loss) 4- recession to MGJ or past (severe interprox bone lost)
free gingival graft--- ideal thickness of graft
1-1.5mm
IDEAL thickness of FGG what does the "FREE" part stand for?
1-1.5mm doesnt have blood supply
HOW long does it take for calculus to occur? (T/F) calculus is an irritant to the periodontal tissue
1-14 days FALSE (it's the bacteria on it)
Interdental CAL Stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 stage 4
1-2mm stage 1 3-4mm stage 2 5mm or more stage 3 or 4
which stages of gingivitis or reversible
1-3
CI to the use of corticosteriods in a dental pt.
1. AIDS 2. Candidiasis 3. TB 5. Peptic Ulcers
maturation is
the deposition of enamel and dentin
TCA drug examples
1. Amitriphyline 2. Imipramine
leeway space definition
the difference in M-D width of the primary teeth to their perm primary teeth are larger M-D so we gain spac
EPIDEMIOLOGY the study of
the distribution and determinants of disease
Major SE of Anti-psychotics
1. Anticholinergic effects 2. extra-pyramidal stimulation resulting in tardive dyskinesia
Digitalis is useful in tx. of.... (list 3)
1. Atrial fibrillation 2. Congestive heart failure 3. Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
Perception=
the human experience of pain is the sum total of these physiologic processes and the psychological factors of higher thought and emotion
Vertical / angular bone loss is classified by
the number of bony walls remaining
What are the principles of tooth preparation?
1. Biology 2. Mechanical 3. Esthetic
Neutrophil chemotaxis is ? how do they kill bac
the process of migration to the perio pocket phagocytose the bac - then kill them with myeloperoxidase + O2 radicals
Order of most to least common congenitally missing teeth
third molars > md second premolars > mx laterals > mx second premolars
Heparin-MOA
thrombin prevents formation of the fibrin network
Aversion conditioning is not recommended for what patients?
timid and tense-coperative
Nitrous oxide sensation before onset? side effect?
tingling nausea
retentive clasp tip is designed to when is retentive clasp active /passive
tip is designed to engage in undercut and resist dislodging forces only active when dislodging forces are applied to them, otherwise seat passively
Antibiotics for perio goal should on by used as
to decrease the number of bacteria in the periodontal pocket should only be used as adjunct to mechanical debridement during phase I
Sliding genioplasty
to move chin in all three directions
What is the primary objective of SRP
to restore gingival health by removing calculus (Supra G, Sub G, ) and rough cementum
full bony impact
tooth is entirely encased in bone, most difficult to EXT
when you go from tooth side -> outer layer of plaque what GRAM do you have?
tooth side- gram POS outside- gram NEG
what does BOLTON analysis measure?
tooth size discrepancy
Fluoride Toxicity toxic dose lethal dose
toxic dose 5mg/Kg 5G = DEAD
facebow transfers
transfers the relationship between the hinge axis and maxilla from the patient to the articulator
What happens in histodifferentiation?
transformation into distinct cell types IEE --> ameloblasts dental papilla --> odontoblasts
PLANES OF GROWTH width _____________________ Length _____________ Height ________________ when does each stop growing
transverse 10-12 anteroposterior 14-16 vertical 18-20
Mucous Extravasation Phenomenon is caused by
trauma to salivary duct
(T/F) biofilm are more resistant to antimicrobials
true
This enamel hypoplasia is caused by periapical infection or trauma to primary tooth causing inflammatory response that messes up ameloblasts of developing perm tooth
turner's hypoplasia
Digitalis
tx. for atrial fibrillation paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
Verapamil
tx. of supraventricular tachy arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation
taurodontismis is Linked to
type IV amelogenesis imperfecta
FRAUD TERMS Separating procedure into component parts
unbundling
risk determinant: definition
unchangeable background characteristics, increases likelihood of disease (gender, genetics)
Hand over mouth technique used to gently place hand over pt's mouth to gain attention of what pts?
uncontrolled
BRONJ characteristic feat main symtpom
uncovered bone for >8w jaw pain
Treacher Collins Syndrome characteristics ________________ is underdeveloped downslanted _______________ fissures cleft __________ Micro________
underdeveloped MANDIBLE down slanted PALPEBRAL fissures cleft PALATE (35%) MICROTIA (small ears)
what are the other functions of major connectors
unifies components of RPD distributes forces over all supporting structs provides cross arch stabelization and resistance to functional stress
Types of curettes (2)
universal Gracey
Diuretics (list some)
1. Furosemide 2. Chlorothiazide 3. Sprinaolactone
FRAUD TERMS reporting a MORE COMPLEX or higher cost procedure than what was done
upcoding Reporting an RCT - when really you did a pulpotomy
Quinidine
used for supraventricular tachy arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation Prevents bradycardia Type 1 a agent MOA:increase refractory period of muscle
how to treat POST exposure of Heb B
vaccine immunoglobulin
Nitroglycerin
vasodilation direct action on smooth muscle on B.V. walls
what has a better prognosis - vertical or horozontal bone loss
vertical bone loss
AIRBORNE PARTICLES SPLATTER: visible vs non? bigger or smaller than 50um? how far can they project? can carry what pathogens?
visible Bigger than 50um 3 feet carry blood borne
Another name / result of hyperparathyroidism
von Recklinghausen's disease OF BONE
TCA
1. Imipramine 2. Amitriptyline
implant success criteria
1. Immobile 2. No peri-implant radiolucency 3. Peri-implant bone loss <0.2mm per year after first year 4. Absence of symptoms like pain
LA-List amides
1. Lidocaine 2. Mepivacaine 3.Bupivacaine 4. Prilocaine 5. Dubivacaine
List anti-arrhythmic drugs
1. Lidocaine 2. Procaine 3. Phenytoin 4. Quinidine 5. Verapamil 6. Digitalis 7. Propranolol
Anterior cross bite - one or a few teeth leads to (2) Tx and appliance
wear, gingival strain • Tx: 2x4, active retainer
When does cleft lip happen? cleft palate?
week 4-6 6-8 weeks
Orthognathic Surgery indications
when a problem is too severe for orthodontics alone • To correct severe skeletal discrepancies Class III, open bite, asymmetry
A-P strap indicate
when both ant and post teeth are missing when just post teeth missing Ken 3 DE
Drugs for Tx. of Angina
1. Nitroglycerin 2. Propranolol 3. Calcium Channel Blockers
canine guidance
when in lateral movements all posterior teeth are immediately dismayed as contact occurs solely between upper and lower canine on the working side.
WHEN do we give LOCAL abx for perio disease?
when localized recurrent and/or residual PD ≥5mm with inflammation are still present following conventional therapies
when do we do space regaining appliances
when there is localized space loss that is minor (<3mm removeable appliance with a fingerspring to tip the teeth distal headgear (mx activated lingual arch (md Then place space maintainer after space is regained
what is the finish line of RPD
where acrylic meets the metal framework is the junction between the major and minor connectors
Anti-psychotics
1. Phenothiazines 2. Chlorpromazine
Flap design Base should be incision location corners should be vertical release location
wider base to ensure adequate blood supply incisions over intact bone, not over bony defects or eminences rounded corners vertical releases at line angles avoid vital structures
primary Mx CI (2)
widest anterior M-D only anterior tooth width > height
LA - List Esters (3)
1. Procaine 2. Tetracaine 3. Cocaine (all the rest are amides)
3 things surgical handpiece is used for
1. Remove buccal bone 2. Remove interradicular bone 3. Section tooth
easier to increase ridge height or width with bone graft
width
What makes up a direct retainer (clasp assembly)?
1. Rest 2. Minor connector 3. Clasp arms (retentive and reciprical)
Are dentists required by law to report suspected child abuse and neglect even if there is no proof?
yes
list all the dental cements
zinc oxide eugenol (temp bond) zinc phosphate zinc polycarboxylate glass ionomer resin modified glass ionomer resin
list cements from least soluable to most
zinc oxide eugenol (temp bond) zinc phosphate zinc polycarboxylate glass ionomer resin modified glass ionomer resin higher solubility = lower strength
what should be avoided in balanced occlusion for dentures
anterior guidance (both incisal and canine guidance) should be avoided
ditching a die
exposes the margin of the prep cleaning away any stone below the margin so that the margin is visible
4 steps of pain pathway
1. Transduction 2. Transmission 3. Modulation 4. Perception=
H1 antihistamine are useful for
1. Treating dermatologic manifestations of allergic response (chlorpheniramine) 2. preoperative medication for sedation, anti-emetic properties, anticholinergic effects 3. for controlling symptoms of Parkinson
What is the order of shade selection?
1. Value 2. Chroma 3. Hue
4 stages of anesthesia
1. analgesia 2. delirium 3. surgical anesthesia 4. medullary paralysis
ADA 5 Principles of ethics
1. autonomy- self governance 2. nonmaleficence- do no harm 3. beneficence - do good 4. Justice- fairness 5. Veracity - truthfulness
Tx of Congestive heart failure
1. cardiac glycoside -- Digitalis / . Digitoxin 3. Ace inhibitor: Captopril
THREE types of behavioral learning
1. classical conditioning 2. Operant conditioning 3. Observational learning
FOUR important steps to take in Motivational interviewing
1. engaging (form relationship) 2. focusing (exploring motivation,goals, value) 3. Evoking (elicit their own motivation) 4. planning (exploring how one might move towards change)
WOUND HEALING put in order the cells that grow fastest to slowest: PDL, CT, EPITHELIAL, BONE
1. epithelial 2. CT cells 3. PDL 4. BONE
FOUR stages of occlusion? and ages
1. gum pad - birth to 6 months 2. primary dentinition - 6 months to 6 years 3. mixed dentition- 6-12years 4. perm dentition- 12years - edentulous/death
surgical therapy for TMD - list from most conservative to least
• Arthroscopy • Arthroplasty • Discectomy • Condylotomy • Total joint replacement
Biopsychosocial Model of Pain • Axis I > Axis II >
• Axis I "Bio," nociceptive input from somatic tissue, acute pain • Axis II > "Psychosocial," influence of interaction between thalamus, cortex, and limbic structures, Chronic pain
COMFORT—acknowledge the patient's experience • Be --- and ---- in your initial response
• Be empathetic and tactful in your initial response - I can see that... - It seems like... - It sounds like...
Justice "fairness" • Be ------ with patients, colleagues, and society • Deal with people ---- and deliver dental care without ----- • Never ---- another dental professional
• Be fair in dealings with patients, colleagues, and society • Deal with people justly and deliver dental care without prejudice • Never slander another dental professional
HEALTH BELIEF MODEL motivation to change influenced by (3)
1. perceived susceptibility (risk of getting something) 2. perceived cost and benefits 3. cues to action
THREE factors in social cognitive theory
1. self efficacy 2. behavior modeling 3. social reinforcement
crown delivery steps
1. shade (confirm shade is correct 2. proximal contacts (both on cast and in the patient's mouth) a. open → send crown back b. heavy → adjust before moving on (crown will not seat fully) 3. margins 4. fit 5. R&R (resistance and retention) form 6. occlusion 7. contour 8. if everything looks good, first assess with temporary cement → reassess and then permanently cement
GROWTH is an increase in two things
1. size- hypertrophy 2. number- hyperplasia
Growth theories 1. harry Sicher= sutural theory 2. James Scott = Cartilage Theory 3. Melvin Moss = Functional matrix theory
1. sutural theory- sutures are growth centers (false growing brains push bones apart) 2. Cartilage Theory - cartilage is the growth CENTER 3. Functional matrix theory- chewing,grinding, speaking stim growth
Amalgam restorations for primary teeth should be ______ mm deep and isthmus width is ___________ intercuspal dimension
1.5, one third
Occ contacts should be how far away from metal -porc jxn
1.5m
how much space is primate space
1.5mm
HEB C ____% of transmission after needlestick DNA vs RNA Vaccine?
1.8% RNA NO vaccine
HTN- 6 categories
1.Diuretics 2.B-Blockers 3.A1 blocker 4. Central acting adrenergic drugs 5. Neuronal blockers 6. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhib.
Requirements for guide planes
1/3 BL width Extend 2-3 mm vertically down from marginal ridge
Requirements for occlusal rests
1/3 MD width 1/2 intercuspal width 1.5 mm deep
biopsy sample should be stored in
10% formalin
ideal force for Translation? extrusion?
100g 50g
Earliest age for TADs
11
Bell Stage/Histodifferentiation begins _____________ in utero
11 weeks
AUTOCLAVE temp? PSI? time
121C 15PSI 20 min
Apposition takes place ___________ in utero
14 weeks
Maturation takes place _____________ in utero
14+ weeks
Bennett angle
15 degrees
how long to wash hands? how long to flush ultrasonic?
15 seconds min 20-30 seconds. min
DRY HEAT sterilization how long? temp? what can be sterilized how does it kill bacteria?
160C for 60 min glass/metal only by COAGULATION of proteins
what days does Hemifacial microsomia Treacher collins syndrome happen?
19-28 days "20-30"
Minimum crown-to-root ratio
1:1
Rate of occurrence of cleft lip
1:1000 birth
Ideal crown-to-root ratio
1:2
What is the ideal ratio of monomer to polymer in denture processing?
1:3
Veracity "truthfulness" • Be ------- in dealings with the public • Respect the position of trust inherent in the dentist-patient relationship • Must not represent -----
• Be honest and trustworthy in dealings with the public • Respect the position of trust inherent in the dentist-patient relationship • Must not represent care being rendered, fees being charged, or any form of advertising in a false or misleading manner
steps after tooth has been EXT
• Bend back the bone UNLESS orthodontics or implant in the future • Curettage with curette • Smooth bone with bone file or rongeur • Irrigate with syringe
relative Contraindications for Extraction
• Brittle (unstable) diabetes • ESRD • Unstable angina • Leukemia and lymphoma • Hemophilia or platelet disorder • Head and neck radiation • IV bisphosphonates—try to RCT or restore • Pericoronitis—treat infection first
Indications for Extraction
• Caries • Endo • Perio • Ortho • Cracked teeth • Impacted teeth • Supernumerary • Pathology • Questionable teeth should be extracted before radiation therapy
Fibroma • AKA traumatic fibroma, /irritation fibroma/ hyperplastic scar caused by is
• Caused by chronic trauma or irritation • is Fibrous hyperplasia of oral mucosa
Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) what is it trigger point location pain description and location
• Chronic muscular pain disorder • Trigger points in muscles of mastication • Diffuse pain in preauricular region
Impaction depth of molar classes (3)
• Class A= same plane as other molars • Class B= halfway down other molars • Class C= below cervical line of 2nd molar,
How far back the molar is in comparison to ramus (3)
• Class I= crown anterior to ramus • Class II= half crown within ramus • Class III= entire crown within ramus,
purpose of severing ST attachment (2)
• Confirms good anesthesia • Allows apical placement of forceps
when alveolar bone is exposed, how much bone resorption should we expect?
1mm
______ mm occlusal reduction for SSC and you seat in what direction?
1mm lingual to buccal
____ mm incisal reduction for strip crown and __________ dictates prep design
1mm, caries
optimal amount of water fluoridation
1ppm (1mg per liter of water)
EDGEWISE BRACKET (which direction) first order bend? second order? third order?
1st - Buccolingual 2- Mesiodistal angulation 3. buccolingual INCLINATION
Mesial ectopic errupt of 1st molars what happens appliances to use /when
1st molar gets impacted underneath the distal aspect of the primary second molar elastic spacer if 1mm minor space issue halterman appliance if 4mm space issue
Frankl ___ = negatitive resistance
2
what HAMP class would you want for regenerating FURCATION defect
2 buccal- upper buccal or L -lower
Maturation takes ____________ to complete for primary tooth Maturation takes _______ to complete for perm tooth crown
2 years 4-5 years
SKELETAL CLASS 2 SKELETAL CLASS 3 usually due to?
2- retrognathic mandible 3- retrognathic maxilla
irreversible hydrocolloid set time pour within
2-3m set time pour within 15 min
How much shrinkage does cobalt-chromium have?
2.3%
Requirements for incisal rests
2.5 mm MD length 1.5 mm deep
Requirements for cingulum rests
2.5-3 mm MD length 2 mm labiolingual width (ledge) 1.5 mm deep (height
leeway space ______________ mm per side on MD _______________ mm per side on upper
2.5mm 1.5mm
Perm Teeth usually erupt with ______ of their rooth having been developed and takes how many years after eruption to complete root development?
2/3 2-3 years
Avg tooth pierces bone with _________________ root formation gingiva with _________________ root formation
2/3 3/4
Subantimicrobial dose Doxy SDD mg? dose? frequency? how long
20mg BID 3-9 months *only one approved by FDA/ADA
how many people in US live in fluoridated community?
210 million 74%
Prophylaxis Regimen: for prosthetic joints
2g PO 1 hr b4 tx.
In Addisonian crisis (hypoaldosteronism) resulting from stress from a minor dental procedures, the pt. should be treated immediately with
2ml (100mg) hydrocotisone hemisuccinate
is considered reduced attached gingiva is when the band of gingiva is less than----
2mm
NORMAL DISTANCE from CEJ to alveolar crest bone crest should be ____ to line connecting CEJs
2mm Parallel
biopsy indicatated after how long
2w
how long does it take to complete a primary tooth crown a perm tooth crown
2y 4-5 y
Frankl ___= positive acceptance
3
thumbsucking is very common up to age ____
3
apically repositioned flap: incisions used goal
3 horozonotal incisions + additional vertical releasing incisions made beyond the mucogingival junction in order to attain pocket reduction
What is the minimum height for incisors and PM preparation?
3 mm
What is the minimum height of connectors for PFM bridges?
3 mm
Interocclusal space is usually (average)? eqn
3 mm VDR = VDO + inter occ space
Acidulated phosphate fluoride APF gel has ph? What % fluoride
3 pH 1.23%
what is LIP INCOMPETENCE
3-4 mm separation when at rest
calcification of primary tooth roots are completed at what age
3-4 y
ECC mostly occurs between what age? which teeth? what % of US infants/toddlers
3-5 max incisors + molars 5%
Increase nitrous in 10% increments up to about ____% for operative procedures
30
HCI
30 degress
HEB B ____% of transmission after needlestick DNA vs RNA Vaccine?
30% DNA (dane particle) yes vaccine
Frankl _____ = definitely positive
4
moderate crowding is how much ? Tx
4 - 8 mm crowding LLHA
What is the minimum height for molar preparation?
4 mm
when does the condyle and mandible fuse
4 months (IN UTERO)
Patients with numbness lasting more than ----should be referred for microneurosurgical evaluation
4 weeks
threshold force duration for tooth movement is around _____ to ______ hours
4-8 hours No movement occurs at all until about 4-8h after force application
when does re-eval happen? how often PM?
4-8 weeks every 3 months (first year)
when does PERIO RE-EVAL happen? why?
4-8 weeks after phase 1 therapy allow formation of JE
_______________ is max recommended dose of anesthetic for children
4.4mg/kg
school water is how much more concentrated than community water?
4.5 kids only there part of day
when scaling and root planing, angulation is
45-90 degrees (open angle)
osseointegration is compromised if
47 ̊C for 1 minute or 40 ̊C for 7 minutes
varnish is what %fluride?
5%
Intervention with appliance therapy for thumbsucking is recommended by what age?
5-6
what days does Crouzon Syndrome Achondroplasia happen?
50- Birth
children under ____ should be watched when brushing with fluoride (T/F) flossing does NOT prevent tooth decay but may be helpful for gingival health
6 True
asymmetries between right and left sides --> about _____________ is within normal limits, extract _________________________ if there is early exfoliation to keep midline on
6 months, contralateral primary
Initiation starts _______ in utero
6 weeks
ugly duckling stage: what age? what size diastema between CIs is normal
6-11 <2mm
Root torque ideal force? ROTATION ideal force? intrusion?
75g 50g 10g
Parental participation in oral hygiene until age _____ due to lack of manual dexterity
8
Bud Stage begins _________ in utero
8 weeks
strap width
8-12mm
Cap stage happens at ____________ in utero
9 weeks
Contraindications for NO in children
<2 years old uncooperative wheezing episode (mild to mod asthma is okay)
base metal composition
<25% noble
what fluoride SUPPLEMENTS do we recommend for <3 yo >3 yo >6 yo
<3 yo- fluoride DROPS >3 yo- fluoride TABLEST + LOZENGES >6 yo- fluoride MOUTH RINSE (.2% NaF weekly, or .05% NaF daily)
Methotrexate
= anti-metabolite
Children with increased overjet of _____ mm is more often prone to dental trauma
>6mm
what sound DECIBEL can cause damage?
>90dB
what bug is in AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS
A Actinomycetemcomitans
which HEPATITIS is transmitted via FECAL ORAL?
A and E fEcAl
Factors Predicting Difficult Extraction
• Divergent roots • Root dilacerations • Endo-treated tooth • Root resorption • Long roots • Dense bone • Root fracture • Proximity to floor of sinus/IAN • Limited opening • Bruxism • Exostoses or tori • Gross caries • Severe crowding
Coxsackie virus 2 types of infections
• Hand-foot-and-mouth disease • Herpangina
• Independent variable (x)= • Dependent variable (y)= • Confounding variable=
• Independent variable (x)= explanatory, predictor • Dependent variable (y)= outcome, predicted • Confounding variable= covariate
types of mid face fractures
• Le Fort I= horizontal across maxilla • Le Fort II= pyramidal • LeFort III= complete cranio facial disjunction • Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture=
2 least stable Sx in order
• Maxilla down • Maxilla wider
2 most stable Sx in order
• Maxilla up • Mandible forward
4 arteries that supply blood to TMJ
• Maxillary • Ascending pharyngeal • Deep auricular • Superficial temporal
Prazosin
A1 blocker inhibit postsynaptic binding of n. Vasodilation
what race gets perio the most
AA male *diabetes is most for this group too.. coincidence..
Pseudocyst composed of blood-filled spaces, multilocular RL that expands commonly found in posterior Md
ABC (aneurysmal bone cyst)
Pseudocyst composed of blood-filled spaces, multilocular RL that expands and commonly found in posterior Md
ABC (aneurysmal bone cyst)
WHICH BACTERIA healthy gingiva + root caries coronal caries Most common oral bacteria? where does it live? bacteria on implants?
ACTINOMYCES -healthy gingiva + root caries S MUTANS- coronal caries S SALIVARIUS -Most common oral bacteria - where does it live (tongue) PSEUDOMONAS, STAPH- bacteria on implants?
Clonadine is a a2__________ (agonist or antagonist)?
AGONIST
Dobutamine is a b1 ____________ (agonist or antagonist)?
AGONIST
kaposi sarcoma is most commonly seen as a complication of
AIDS
Leukemia types from disease that affects youngest age to oldest
ALL > CML > AML > CLL
used to test difference between TWO OR MORE MEANS
ANOVA (analysis of variance)
Myadriasis ______________ response (cholinergic or anticholinergic response)?
ANTICHOLINERGIC
Epithelial duct like spaces & enameloid materials; mostly found in anterior Mx & over impacted Ca
AOT (adenomatoid odontogenic tumor)
Epithelial duct like spaces & enameloid materials; mostly found in anterior Mx & over impacted Ca
AOT (adenomatoid odontogenic tumor)
MX MC what to use if there is long span DE
AP strap complete palate
MX MC what to use if there is torus
AP strap horseshoe
2 types of elastic impress material
AQUEOUS HYDROCOLLOIDS NON-AQUEOUS ELASTOMERS
The most desirable property of an antibiotic when used to treat an odontogenic infection is...
Ability to achieve and maintain adequate concentration at the site of infection
Schwannoma (neurilemmoma) feature
Acellular verocay bodies in Antoni A tissues
Actinomycosis caused by
Actinomyces israelii
Lump jaw
Actinomycosis
Sulfur granules in purulent exudate
Actinomycosis
Most common initiating causes are -- odontogenic infections and trauma
Acute osteomyelitis
Most common initiating causes are odontogenic infections and trauma
Acute osteomyelitis
Used to tx. herpes
Acyclovir
Which impression material has no byproducts?
Addition silicone (PVS)
Cribriform / swiss cheese microscopic pattern
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Attraction of unlike molecules
Adhesion
Hierarchy of Evidence from best to worst
• Meta-analysis • Systematic review • Randomized clinical trial • Cohort study • Case-control study • Cross-sectional study • Case report • Expert opinion • Animal studies • In vitro studies
Indications to avoid Extraction
• Minimal crowding or spacing • Deep bite • Flat retrusive lips • Obtuse nasolabial angle
Mucous Extravasation Phenomenon types 2
• Mucocele= common in lower lip • Ranula= when occurs on the floor of the mouth
which agency of HHS? program name? provides early childhood education, health, nutrition and parent involvement services to low income children and their families
Administration for Children and Families ACF Program name: head start
Rx. for treating an infection: Penicillin VK
Adult: 250-500mg dispense 30. take 2 tablets at once then take 1 tab every 6 hours until gone 7days Child (less than 12): 20-50mg/kg qid
Rx. for treating an infection: Amoxicillin
Adult: 500mg, dispense 21, take 1 every 8 hours until gone Child: 20-40mg/kg tid
Rx. for treating an infection: Clindamycin
Adult:150-300mg, dispense 21 take 1 tablet every 8 hours until gone 7 days Child: 8-12mg/kg tid qid
What are they considered? Age 1-7 Age 8-14 Age 15-17
Age 1-7: Infant Age 8-14: competent Age 15-17: responsible
KCOT is (2) most common in
Aggressive and recurrent Most common in ramus of mandible
What is the treatment for OKC?
Aggressive enucleation
Bound edentulous space clasp selection w/ rest seats located adjacent to edentulous space
Akers clasp
Another name for osteopetrosis
Albergs-Schonberg disease Marble bone disease
Irreversible hydrocolloid
Alginate
What is elevated due to too much breakdown of bone (excessive osteoclast activity) regarding hyperparathyroidism?
Alkaline phosphatase
What is die spacer used for?
Allow room for cement
2 types of somatic pain
• Musculoskeletal pain TMJ, periodontal, muscles (myofascial) • Visceral pain salivary glands, pulpal
• When blood clot dislodges or dissolves before wound heals following an extraction
Alveolar Osteitis ( dry socket)
Between Md alveolar ridge and tongue
Alveololigual sulcus
Occurs in children & teens, most common in posterior Md, myxomatous CT 75% associated with un errupted tooth / prevent errupt
Ameloblastic fibroma (AF)
Occurs in children & teens, most common in posterior Md, myxomatous CT
Ameloblastic fibroma (AF)
Benign but aggressive multilocular RL in posterior Md, high recurrence rate
Ameloblastoma
Classic differential diagnosis for multilocular RL in posterior Md
Ameloblastoma OKC CGCG COF
Intrinsic alteration of enamel; all teeth from BOTH dentitions affected; thin to no enamel but dentin & pulp are normal
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)
Intrinsic alteration of enamel; all teeth from BOTH dentitions affected; thin to no enamel but dentin & pulp are normal
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)
most effective antidepressant
Amitriphyline - TCA
most common ABX regimen for perio disease mg? dose per day? Is duration or dose more important
Amox 500mg TID + Metronidazole 250 TID 14 days duration is more important than dose - the longer the better
Prophylaxis Regimen: Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin Adult: 2g PO 1 hour b4 tx. Child: 50mg/kg 1hr prior
Prophylaxis Non-oral Regimen
Ampicillin IV/IM Adult:2g 30 min b4 tx. Child: 20mg/kg 30 min b4 tx.
Mixed dentition appliances (3)
• Nance appliance • Lower lingual holding arch • Lip bumper
Allergic reaction to drug or food contact
Angioedema
Tumors composed of blood vessels or lymph vessles
Angioma
Submucosal hemorrhage • Petechiae • Purpura= • Ecchymosis • Hematoma
• Petechiae= 1mm hemorrhages (Valsalva maneuver, violent cough, fellatio) • Purpura= slightly larger than petechiae • Ecchymosis= 1cm or bigger bruise • Hematoma= mass of blood within tissue, caused by trauma to oral mucosa like an anesthetic needle
Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN) due to pain description
• Potential sequela of herpes zoster infection • Burning, aching, or shock-like
Antirotation Component of implant 2 Functions
• Prevents rotation of abutment • Provides stabilization of abutment
Beneficence "do good" • Professionals have a duty to act for ---- • Provide service to---- • Promote patient's --- • The same ethical standard exists no matter ----
• Professionals have a duty to act for the benefit of others • Provide service to the patient and the public at large • Promote patient's welfare • The same ethical standard exists no matter the financial arrangement
Chin Cup
• Restrains mandibular forward growth • Mostly ineffective in humans • Best for Class III mandibular excess
High-Pull Headgear
• Restrains maxillary forward growth • Intrudes and distalizes upper molars • Best for Class II open bite
skeletal discrepancies • Retrognathic mandible= • Prognathic mandible= • Apertognathic= • Horizontal transverse discrepancy= • Vertical maxillary excess= • Macrogenia= • Microgenia=
• Retrognathic mandible= Class II • Prognathic mandible= Class III • Apertognathic= anterior open bite • Horizontal transverse discrepancy= posterior crossbite • Vertical maxillary excess= maxilla too long, gummy smile • Macrogenia= chin too big • Microgenia= chin too small
Palatal Expanders include (5)
• Schwarz appliance • W-arch • Quad helix • Hyrax appliance • Haas appliance • Transpalatal arch
simple vs Sx EXT
• Simple Extraction - Usually no incisions needed - Usually no sutures needed • Surgical Extraction - Surgical access via elevating mucoperiosteal flap - Surgical handpiece to remove bone or section tooth - Suture usually needed
excisional biopsy indications 2
• Small <1cm lesion • Benign
Reverse-Pull Headgear
• Stimulates maxillary forward growth • Other effects include protraction of upper incisors, retraction of lower incisors, CW rotation of the mandible • Best for Class III maxillary deficiency
most common cause of ankylosis other causes 3
• Trauma is the most common cause • Surgery, radiation therapy, and infection
Bone location type 1 type 2 type 3 type 4
• Type I= anterior mandible • Type II= posterior mandible • Type III= anterior maxilla • Type IV= posterior maxilla
Contraindications for Implant
• Uncontrolled diabetes • Immunocompromised patients • Volume and height of bone • Bisphosphonate therapy • Bruxism • Smoking • History of head/neck radiation • Cleft palate • Adolescents
Flap Design ---- base to ensure ----- Incisions over---- ,,,, not over -- or -- Vertical releases at ----- ---- corners Avoid ----
• Wider base to ensure adequate blood supply • Incisions over intact bone,---- not over bony defects or eminences • Vertical releases at line angles • Rounded corners • Avoid vital structures
excisional biopsy characteristics
• removal of entire lesion + 2-3mm margin • Elliptical incision
thumb sucking results in
Ant open bite - Narrow maxilla usually with posterior crossbite - Proclined maxillary incisors and retroclined mandibular incisors
tongue thrust results in
Ant open bite - Proclined MX and MD incisors with generalized spacing
PDL surface area of abutment teeth should be equal to or greater than imaginary PDL surface area of missing teeth
Ante's law
ABC of behavior chance
Antecedent (factor that facilitates behavior) Behavior Consequence
What are regions of the alveololigual sulcus?
Anterior Middle Posterior
Where is hypermobile ridge more commonly found?
Anterior Mx
Caused by blockage of glands in sinus mucosa
Antral pseudocyst
Always found on moveable / nonkeratinized tissue
Aphthous ulcer
Condyles part of lower member, fossa part of upper member on articular
Arcon
disc repositioning surgery, for painful persistent clicking or closed lock
Arthroplasty
NSAID-Antipyretic effects
Aspirin inhibits PG synthesis in the hypothalamic temperature regulation center
Clasps should encircle a tooth:
At least 180 degrees
Tx. for cholinergic crisis
Atropine
Secondary to deafferentation (removal of part of the neural pathway) as a result of endodontic therapy or extraction phantom toothache
Atypical Odontalgia (AO)
Open Bite Relapse Avoid by Done via -- (2)
Avoid by Preventing intrusion of incisors and overeruption of upper molars Avoiding oral habits Done via -- Upper modified Hawley with posterior bite blocks Vacuum-formed retainers with thickened plastic over posterior occlusal surfaces provides several mm of jaw separation
Class III Relapse Avoid by ---
Avoid by --- Overcorrection (by 1-2mm) of occlusal relationships during finishing especially if elastics were used
Deep Bite Relapse Avoid by --- Done via --
Avoid by --- Preventing overeruption of incisors Done via -- Upper modified Hawley with anterior bite plate
Dane particle which HEP?
B
which HEPATITIS is transmitted via BLOOD?
B and C
Metropolol
B1 selective blocker - cardio selective decreases CO
Albuterol is a ______ agonist
B2
best method of toothbrushing
BASS method (45 deg)
pt taking an AB that is metabolized in liver --- the metabolism of the AB is decreased by what drug
BENZOS (diezapm
RED COMPLEX is associated with __________ and ___________ red complex components (2)
BOP + deeper pockets 1. P gingivalis 2. T denticola 3. T forsythia
Gingivitis BOP PD
BOP 10% of sites or more PD 3mm or below
perio health BOP PD
BOP <10% of sites PD 3mm or less
Isoproterenol leads to brocho...
BRONCHODILATION
Multisystem vasculitis that causes aphthous-type ulcers of oral and genital + inflammation of eye
Behcet's syndrome
papilloma is a caused by
Benign epithelial pedunculated or sessile proliferation Caused by several strains of HPV
Angle obtained after nonworking side condyle has moved anteriorly and medially relative to sagittal plane
Bennett angle
Lateral movement of Md toward the working side during lateral excursions
Bennett shift / movement
Initiator in acrylic
Benzoyl peroxide
orthognathic Sx used to move MD
Bisagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO)
Fungal infection predominately in NE USA; spores
Blastomycosis
What are 3 clinical signs of leukemia?
Bleeding (platelets) Fatigue (RBC) Infection (WBC)
best measure of inflammation in periodontal tissue?
Bleeding on probing
what type of anesthesia for biopsy ?. why ?
Block anesthesia is preferred because local infiltration can distort the architecture of the lesion
Gingival cyst of newborn on lateral palate
Bohn's nodules
Lateral neck swelling w/in lymph node of neck
Branchial cyst
What is the places of origin for metastatic carcinoma starting from most likely to least likely?
Breast > lung > kidney > colon > prostate
Fractures easily w/o substantial dimensional changes
Brittle
Where are lipomas most commonly found?
Buccal mucosa
Where does the buccinator attach?
Buccal shelf
What structures in the lower arch provide the most support?
Buccal shelf and retromolar pad
What muscle attaches into the buccal vestibule?
Buccinator
PV and MMP lesions
Bullae (fluid filled vessicles) that result in Multiple painful ulcers
Type of B cell NKL w/ bone marrow involvement, swelling, pain, tooth mobility, lip paresthesia, & halts root development
Burkitt's lymphoma
Type of B cell NKL w/ bone marrow involvement, swelling, pain, tooth mobility, lip paresthesia, & halts root development
Burkitt's lymphoma
What is oral hairy leukoplakia associated with? 2
Burkitt's lymphoma HIV
Burning, pain, dryness, and maybe also altered taste sensation
Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS)
what is the MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR in determining PROGNOSIS?
CAL
mediCARE take care of who? mediCAID takes care of who?
CARE: elderly CAID: poor
Pindborg tumor
CEOT (calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor)
Composed of fibroblasts & multinucleated giant cells, commonly found in anterior Md; RL w/ thin wispy septations MC- young adult
CGCG (central giant cell granuloma)
Composed of fibroblasts & multinucleated giant cells, commonly found in anterior Md; RL w/ thin wispy septations
CGCG (central giant cell granuloma)
Miosis is a ______________ response (cholinergic or anticholinergic response)?
CHOLINERGIC
Unfortunately you injected lidocaine intra-arterially. The first sign of lidocaine toxicity would be....
CNS excitation
The most likely symptoms of overdose of atropine are:
CNS excitation and tachycardia
Characteristics of Fetal alcohol syndrome Fetal alcohol syndrome is caused by
CNS problem MIDFACE DEFICIENCY Cleft lip / smooth philtrum microencephally (small head exposure to high ethanol during prego
Physostigmine
CNS+PNS action Inhibit acetylcholinesterase
Ghost cells
COC
ghost cells
COC
AKA Gorlin cyst
COC (calcifying odontogenic cyst)
Gorlin cyst AKA
COC (calcifying odontogenic cyst)
RL w/ driven snow calcifications
COET
Dense collagen w/ strands of epithelium; found in bone, well-defined multilocular RL
COF (central odontogenic fibroma)
Dense collagent w/ strands of epithelium; found in bone, well-defined multilocular RL
COF (central odontogenic fibroma)
Composed of fibroblastic stoma in which foci of mineralized products are formed; well-circumscribed RL + opaque F>M juvenile variant is more aggressive
COF (central ossifying fibroma)
Composed of fibroblastic stoma in which foci of mineralized products are formed; well-circumscribed RL; juvenile variant is more aggressive
COF (central ossifying fibroma)
what kind for FORCE creates PURE ROTATION how many points of contact
COUPLE 2
Vioxx
COX 2 Inhib.
what is the most reliable and reproducable jaw possition
CR
________________ study survey or measurement taken to represent a snapshot in time aka _____________
CROSS SECTIONAL study prevalence
Where are dentigerous cysts most commonly found?
Ca and 3M
The cardiac glycosides will increase the concentration of which ion in an active heart muscle?
Calcium
Gingival Hyperplasia caused by3
Calcium channel blockers Dilantin= anticonvulsant Cyclosporine= immunosuppressant
Gypsum products are mined as
Calcium-sulfate dihydrate
Gypsum products are manufactured with heat to rid of some water and become
Calcium-sulfate hemihydrate
Imaginary line from ala of nose to tragus of ear
Camper's line
Anticholinesterase (effects)
Can be used to tx. xerostomia
Operant extinction -- Can occur if
Can occur if the link between the behavior and reward/punishment is discontinued
Candidiasis caused by
Candida albicans
What is the main cause of papillary hyperplasia? other causes
Candidiasis local irritation, ill-fitting denture, poor oral hygiene, And leaving dentures in all the time
Where are dentigerous cysts most commonly found?
Canine and 3M
Completely covers the TMJ joint space
Capsular ligament
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhib (list)
Captopril Lisinopril
What is a bactericidal antibiotic used in treatment of infections caused by Pseudomonas species and indole=positive Proteus species
Carbenicillin
Epithelial cancer
Carcinoma
Cancer types:
Carcinoma Sarcoma Leukemia Lymphoma
Well-curcumscribed RO mass w/ RL border associated w/ apex of roots
Cementoblastoma
where do we put PREADJUSTED EDGEWISE brackets on the tooth?
Center of facial surface of clinical crown
Unfixed point around which an object is rotating
Center of rotation
what part of HHS provides ORAL HEALTH SURVEILLANCE, dental infection control, community water fluoridation, cancer and tobacco related issue
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
which agency of HHS ? HIPPA medicarE MedicaiD CHIP
Centers for medicare and medicaid services
Primary lesion of syphilis
Chancre
Smoking assoc melanosis how where
Chemicals in tobacco stimulate melanocytes seen in anterior gingiva
Symmetrical bilateral swelling, expansive bilateral multilocular RL; - soap bubble appear autosomal dominant; stops growing after puberty; giant cells
Cherubism
Symmetrical bilateral swelling, expansive bilateral multilocular RL; autosomal dominant; stops growing after puberty; giant cells
Cherubism
measures association between TWO CATEGORICAL VALUES
Chi squared test X² cats vs dogs men vs women see relationship between all
What is the treatment for BRONJ?
Chlorohexidine rinse, antibiotics, conservative surgery
Sarcoma of jaws where new cartilage is produced by tumor cells; commonly involve condyle due to cartilaginous origin
Chondrosarcoma
Sarcoma of jaws where new cartilage is produced by tumor cells; commonly involve condyle due to cartilaginous origin features are same as osteosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Refers to distal space created between Mx and Md occlusal surfaces when Md is protruded due to downward & forward movement of condyles down articular eminence
Christensen's phenomenon
Saturation or intensity of color
Chroma
Diffuse mottled RL; sequestra (pieces of dead bone); "onion skin"
Chronic osteomyelitis
Growth timing Chronologic age Dental Age Skeletal age Biologic age which is the best at determining growth?
Chronologic age Dental Age- not good Skeletal age (2nd best) - cervical vert or hand wrist film Biologic age (BEST)
Akers clasp =
Circumferential clasp
most difficult EXO Pell and Gregory Classification
Class C and Class 3
Class II Relapse Avoid by --- The more --- the initial Class II problem and the---- the patient at ---- the more likely you will need headgear or bionator in addition to full-time retainer wear
Class II Relapse Avoid by --- Overcorrection (by 1-2mm) of occlusal relationships during finishing especially if elastics were used The more severe the initial Class II problem and the younger the patient at debond, the more likely you will need headgear or bionator in addition to full-time retainer wear
Missing clavicles, supernumerary teeth; autosomal dominal
Cleidocranial dysplasia
Missing clavicles, supernumerary teeth; delayed tooth errupt autosomal dominal
Cleidocranial dysplasia
GI upset and pseudomembranous colitis has been prominently associated with
Clindamycin
Which antibiotic is able to achieve a higher concentration in the bone than in serum -penicillin -erythromycin -clindamycin -metronidazole -amoxicillin
Clindamycin
Prophylaxis Regimen: Clindamycin
Clindamycin Adult: 600mg PO 1 hour b4 tx.
A good substitute for a pt. who needs an antibiotic but has an allergy to penicillin
Clindamycin or Erythromycin
Leukoplakia is
Clinical description, not a diagnosis White patch that does not rub off
Fungal infection predominately in SW USA; valley fever
Coccidiodomycosis
Clinging of like molecules
Cohesion
What is the main reason clasps break?
Cold-working / every time pt puts on /off
THIRD thing that forms in the PLAQUE cascade? how long does it take to form
Colonization and plaque maturation 1-2 days
noble alloy composition
≥25% noble metals
high noble alloy composition
≥60% noble metals, of which at least 40% is gold
What is the most rigid Mx major connector?
Complete palatal plate
Mostly posterior, conglomerate mass
Complex odontoma
What material has the highest CoTE?
Composite
Mostly anterior, containing bunch of miniature teeth
Compound odontoma
For tooth movement compression side vs tension side
Compression side= osteoclasts stim > bone resorb Tension side= osteoblasts stim > bone deposition
Ability to resist fracture during compression
Compressive strength
What teeth should not be used as abutments for a bridge?
Compromised endo tx teeth Compromised perio teeth (2:1)
What impression material leaves an alcohol byproduct?
Condensation silicone
Bone sclerosis resulting from low-grade inflammation like chronic pulpitis
Condensing osteitis / focal sclerosing osteomyelitis
most comm - least comm Md fx
Condylar > Angle > Symphysis
Mandible Growth ROTATION when Condylar growth > molar eruption -- Closed or Open ? Condylar growth < Molar eruption -- Closed or Open
Condylar growth > molar eruption (CLOSED ) Condylar growth < Molar eruption (OPEN )
Posterior determinant of occlusion
Condylar guidance
Distobuccal area of Mx impression / denture
Coronoid notch
Pair of equal and opposite non-co-llinear forces
Couple
UNCONTROLLED TIPPING movement that occure where is heaviest pressure felt? ideal force?
Crown goes in direction of force and root goes opposite direction root apex + crest of alveolar bone 50g
Fungal infection predominately in W USA
Cryptococcosis
Lymphangioma occurring around the neck
Cystic hygroma
What does staining due?
DEC value
What does staining due? 3
DEC value loss of fluoresence increase metamerism
risk ___________________ genetic: polymorphism in IL-1 gene age: prolonged exposure to etiological factors Gender: male have more CAL socioeconomic status
DETERMINANTS
Bulbous crowns due to constricted DEJ + obliterated pulps
DI
statute of limitations starts to run after the injury of DISCOVERED ____________ rule
DISCOVERY rule
EPIDEMIOLOGIC MEASURES (which one is irreversible) DMFT Gingival index periodontal index simplified oral hygiene index
DMFT
best preservation of cutting edge method of sterilization
DRY HEAT
COLOR OF STAIN tobacco stains ? CHX/stannous fluoride? chromogenic bacteria? where?
Dark brown-black Yellow-Brown Green + yellow (anterior)
When does fetal alcohol syndrome happen during pregnancy?
Day 17
When does ANENCEPHALY happen during pregnancy (absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp)
Day 18-23
What is the main con for resin-bonded bridge?
Debonding
DMFT
Decayed, missing, and filled PERMANENT as a result of caries
What are symptoms of acute osteomyelitis?
Deep intense pain High / intermittent fever Paresthesia / anesthesia of IAN Tooth NOT loose
What are symptoms of acute osteomyelitis?
Deep intense pain High / intermittent fever Paresthesia / anesthesia of IAN Tooth NOT loose caused by periodontitis
incisional biopsy characteristics
Deep, narrow wedge Margins should extend into normal tissue
Type III gypsum
Dental stone (microstone)
Type V gypsum
Dental stone; high strength, high expansion
Type IV gypsum
Dental stone; high strength, low expansion (Prema Rock)
RL attached to CEJ of impacted teeth
Dentigerous cyst
RL attached to CEJ of impacted teeth
Dentigerous cyst / erruption cyst
Chevron pulps and short roots
Dentin dysplasia
Intrinsic alteration of dentin; all teeth from BOTH dentitions are affected; teeth are not good candidates for restorations; chevron pulps & short roots
Dentin dysplasia
Intrinsic alteration of dentin; all teeth from BOTH dentitions are affected; teeth are not good candidates for restorations; chevron pulps & short roots
Dentin dysplasia
Intrinsic alteration of dentin; all teeth from BOTH dentitions affected; short roots, bell-shaped crowns and obliterated pulps; bulbous crowns, blue sclera
Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI)
Intrinsic alteration of dentin; all teeth from BOTH dentitions affected; short roots, bell-shaped crowns and obliterated pulps; bulbous crowns, blue sclera
Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI)
From the denture point of view, what provides the most support?
Denture base
From the denture point of view, what provides the most stability?
Denture flange
Mass in midline FOM (above mylohyoid) or upper neck (below mylohyoid);
Dermoid cyst
Envelopes of Discrepancy
Describes the amount of change in tooth position that can be achieved by: - Orthodontically moving the teeth - Changing the growth of the jaws - Surgically repositioning the jaws
sterilization Disinfection Antisepsis
Destruction of all life forms including bacteria, viruses, and spores Spores are not destroyed in this process, but Mycobacterium tuberculosis is Used on living tissue to reduce bacterial load
TB diagnosed by (4) Health care workers should have a tuberculin skin test how often ?
Diagnosed by symptoms, sputum culture, chest x-ray, or a positive tuberculin skin test tuberculin skin test at least once per year
What is the primary ingredient of alginate?
Diatomaceous earth
Examples of Benzodiazepine
Diazepam Chlorodiazepam
Which Penicillin is useful against penicillinase-producing bugs such as staphylococcus
Dicloxacillin
Wider scale bone sclerosis that could lead to jaw fracture of osteomyelitis
Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis
what occurs in angioedema
Diffuse swelling of lips, neck, or face
Which one of these 1/2 lives is longer: -Diflunisal -Acetaminophen -Ibuprofen
Diflunisal
erythromycin should be avoided in people taking
Digoxin and Seldane
Activator in acrylic
Dimethyl-p-toluidine
how does one get HEP D
Direct contact prior infection with hep B
Is when the articular disc is in the wrong place ant/post
Disc Displacement/Internal Derangement
CLICK, Disc is anteriorly displaced condyle pops over anteriorly displaced disc and pops on the way back to its fossa
Disc displace with reduct
disc repair or removal when it is severely damaged
Discectomy
Distal step will becom flush will become mesial step will become
Distal step -- almost 100% class 2 Flush - can be anything Mesial step - 90% class 1 -- 10% class 3
what type of gingival Sx is used for pocket reduction distal to terminal molars
Distal wedge
Splinting teeth:
Distributes occlusal forces
Where is granular cell tumor most commonly found?
Dorsum of tongue
MEDICATION factors that could affect Plaque induced gingival disease
Drug induced gingi enlargement from - CCB, dilantin, cyclosporine (acronym CDC) oral contraceptives
Deforms easily under tensile strength
Ductility
Stages of cancer:
Dysplasia Carcinoma in situ Malignant neoplasm
what Ig___ does Mast cells produce
E
Oral hairy leukoplakia caused by: description of lesion
EBV White patch on lateral tongue that does not wipe off
when doing a GTR you can add chelating agents to the root name TWO why?
EDTA + Citric acid expose collagen fibrils to improve new attachment
what test used to detect HIV
ELISA
what is it called when a MINOR is free from care from control of parents
EMANCIPATED
Who/what regulates TRANSPORTATION of dental waste from dental offices ?
EPA *everything outside of office
Missing teeth, hypoplastic hair or nails; X-linked recessive
Ectodermal dysplasia
Missing teeth, hypoplastic hair or nails; X-linked recessive
Ectodermal dysplasia
Casts poured from elastomeric materials are more accurately mounted with:
Elastomeric materials or ZOE paste
LOCAL options of HOST MODULATION THERAPY
Emdogain (enamel matrix protein) PDGF (growth factor) = GEM21s
Surgical removal of a mass without cutting into or rupturing it
Enucleation
Causes skin / mucosa to be fragile & blister easily; autosomal dominant or recessive
Epidermolysis bullosa
Causes skin / mucosa to be fragile & blister easily; autosomal dominant or recessive
Epidermolysis bullosa
endochondral ossification is seen in (2)
Epiphyseal plates of long bones, condylar cartilage of the mandible
What lines a radicular cyst?
Epithelial Rests of Malassez
What type of lining do cysts have?
Epithelial lining
Gingival cyst of newborn on midline palate
Epstein's pearls
erosion vs ulcer
Erosion= incomplete break Ulcer= complete break through epithelium
Which of these drugs is not cross allergenic with penicillin? -Ampicillin -Cephalosporin -Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Which erythromycin is associated with an allergic cholestatic hepatitis
Erythromycin Estolate
Ankylosed primary molars more common in E or Ds? max or mandible?
Es, mandible
STAGES of gingivitis: name the time frame + what happens in each STAGE 3 Stage 4
Established lesion (14-21 days) - B lymphocyte infiltration - clinical change in color, contour, consistency Advanced lesion -irreversible periodontitis
Sarcoma of long bones involving "round cells" affects children
Ewing's sarcoma
Sarcoma of long bones involving "round cells" & affects children
Ewing's sarcoma
name the PROGNOSIS classes
Excellent Good Fair Poor Questionable Hopeless
What is one main cause of peri-implantitis with cemented-retained implants?
Excess cement
Effects of Ach
Eye: MIOSIS CV: BRADYCARDIA GI: INCREASE SALIVATION UT: INCREASE PEE Resp: BRONCHOCONSTRICTION Gland: LACRIMATION, SWEAT Muscle: TREMOR/ATAXIA
turner's hypoplasia is usually seen where on teeth
F surfaces of Mx incisors
(T/F) Clothes worn at work CAN be washed at home
FALSE
(T/F) Periodontal packs ENHANCE healing
FALSE
(T/F) Splinting is used for fremetis or mobility
FALSE
Barbiturates are analgesics (T/F)
FALSE
if there is an adverse reaction to a medication in your office -- you report to
FDA
What margin provides the best marginal seal?
Featheredge
what 4 syndromes have midface deficiency?
Fetal alcohol syndrome Down syndrome Crouzon Syndrome/Apert
Neoplasm of fibroblasts; difficult to eradicate & often recurs
Fibromatosis
Malignant proliferation of fibroblasts
Fibrosarcoma
Ground glass appearance; usually stops growing after puberty
Fibrous dysplasia
Ground glass appearance; usually stops growing after puberty
Fibrous dysplasia
Describe the Md denture flange in the middle region of the alveololingual sulcus?
Flange is deflected medially (away from Md)
Describe the Md denture flange in the posterior region of the alveololingual sulcus?
Flange is longer and deflected laterally (toward ramus)
Describe the Md denture flange in the anterior region of the alveololigual sulcus?
Flange is shorter
How does the sublingual gland affect the denture flange?
Flange is shorter because gland sits above mylohyoid muscle
Ability to resist fracture during bending
Flexural strength
Used to tx. candidiasis
Fluconazole, Ketoconazole
Object emits visible light when exposed to ultraviolet light
Fluorescence
Heck's disease
Focal epithelial hyperplasia
AKA condensing osteitis
Focal sclerosing osteomyelitis
ALLERGY that can cause gingival disease
Food restorative material toothpaste
what part of HHS? Evaluates food, drugs, and medical devices based on efficacy and safety
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Double Y incision used for
For palatal torus removal
Ectopic sebaceous glands
Fordyce granules
Ability to resist the propagation of a crack
Fracture toughness
What papillae are involved with strawberry tongue?
Fungiform white-coated tongue with red inflamed fungiform papillae
Two buds merge into one tooth; tooth count is one less than normal
Fusion
which bacteria is the one that can bind to primary and secondary colonizers
Fusobacterium nucleatum
TETRACYCLINE concentrate in the ____________ how many doses a day is required
GCF DOXYCYCLINE only requires one dose per day
Coumadin-MOA
GI Absorption of vitamin K and prevents synthesis of blood clotting factors
SE of clindamycin
GI upset and pseudomonas colitis
Multiple odontomas + interestinal polyps
Gardner syndrome
Chronic osteomyelitis w/ proliferative periosteistis (onion skin)
Garre's osteomyelitis
One root bud into 2 crowns; tooth count is normal
Gemination
What muscle attaches into the lingual frenum?
Genioglossus
orthognathic Sx used to move chin
Genioplasty
Primary TB
Ghon complex
Empty space where nucleus was and keratin fills in, can undergo calcification & little radiodensities detected radiographically
Ghost cells
Any RL between Mx Ca and La
Globulomaxillary lesion
Cross-linking agent in acrylic
Glycol dimethacrylate
Noble metal that is tarnish resistance
Gold
What is an example of a material that is malleable?
Gold
What are 3 noble metals?
Gold Platinum Palladium
Gypsum-bonded investments
Gold crowns
Multiple OKC + multiple BCC + calcified falx cerebri + fatal
Gorlin syndrome
Multiple OKC + multiple BCC + calcified falx cerebri + fatal
Gorlin syndrome
name where they are for: Gracey 1-2 Gracey 3-4 Gracey 5-6 Gracey 7-8 Gracey 9-10 Gracey 11-12 Gracey 13-14
Gracey 1-2 anterior Gracey 3-4 anterior Gracey 5-6 anterior + premolar Gracey 7-8 posterior, F + L Gracey 9-10 posterior, F + L Gracey 11-12 posterior mesial Gracey 13-14 posterior distal
CAL or RBL Grade A Grade B Grade C
Grade A - no loss /5yr Grade B - <2mm loss / 5y Grade C - 2mm or more loss/ 5y
Smoking Grade A Grade B Grade C
Grade A - no smoker Grade B - less than 10 cigs / day Grade C - 10 or more cigs /day
diabetes Grade A Grade B Grade C
Grade A - none Grade B - HbA1C < 7 Grade C - HbA1C is 7 or mroe
%RBL/ AGE Grade A Grade B Grade C
Grade A =. <0.25 Grade B = 0.25 - 1 Grade C = 1 or more
Neoplasm of Schwann cells
Granular cell tumor
What is the depth of lingual vestibule required for lingual bar Md major connector? and why
Greater than or equal to 7 mm sup border needs to be 3-4 mm away from gingi margin minimal thickness of bar is 3mm
Scarlet fever is caused by:
Group A Strep (Strep. pyogenes)
Tertiary lesion of syphilis
Gumma CNS involve CV involve
cimetidine
H2 antihistamine used to decrease gastric acid secretion
WHICH VACCINE must all dental workers be offered for FREE?
HBV
condylar guidance is represented by what on articulator
HCL
Associated w/ iron-deficiency anemia
HHT
What is Kaposi's sarcoma caused by?
HHV-8
risk indicators of periodontitis (4)
HIV/AIDS - ANUG/ANUP is more often seen in immunocompromised individuals osteoporosis - reduced bone mass may have an impact on progression of periodontal disease infrequent dental visits stress - emotional stress may interfere with normal immunologic function
HMO vs PPO ( both are private insure)
HMO (cheaper) less options PPO (more expensive) more providers
insurance that limits coverage to pt to a specific list of providers
HMO - health maintenance organization
Focal epithelial hyperplasia caused by: presents as
HPV 13 & 32 Multiple small dome-shaped warts on oral mucosa
Increased incidence of oropharyngeal SCC associated with
HPV 16 and 18
proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is associated w/
HPV 16 and 18
Verrucous carcinoma is associated w/
HPV 16 and 18 and tobacco
Condyloma acuminatum (genital wart caused by:
HPV 6 & 11
Elongated filiform papillae
Hairy tongue
Drugs used to tx. Schizophrenia
Haloperidol Chlorpromazine
Scleroderma is
Hardening of skin and CT
pharmacologic antagonist
Has affinity for a receptor but no intrinsic activity
which agency of HHS ? national health service corps ryan white CARE act
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
*principal agency that protects the health of all americans
Health and Human services
ELDER ABUSE who do we report to?
Health and Human services
Health behavior involves a complex interplay of ---
Health behavior involves a complex interplay of a person's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
What type of margin is used for PFM crowns?
Heavy chamfer
Anterior uveitis + parotid gland enlargement +facial nerve palsy + fever
Heerfordt syndrome
Anterior uveitis + parotid gland enlargement + facial nerve palsy + fever
Heerfordt syndrome
What is more important for tooth preparation: height or width?
Height
Abnormal capillary formation on skin, mucosa, and viscera; associated w/ iron-deficiency anemia; epistaxis (nose bleeds) frequent presenting sign
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)
Abnormal capillary formation on skin, mucosa, and viscera; associated w/ iron-deficiency anemia; epistaxis (nose bleeds) frequent presenting sign
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)
Where does epithelial rests of Malassez come from?
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
proliferative verrucous leukoplakia transformation
High risk of malignant transformation to SCC or verrucous carcinoma
what is best for growth mod correction of skeletal class 2 open bite correction of skeletal class 2 deep bite
High-Pull Headgear Cervical-Pull Headgear
Fungal infection predominately in midwest USA (Ohio, Mississippi)
Histoplasmosis
Reed-Sternberg cells (malignant B cells)
Hodgkin's lymphoma
LLHA
Holds MD perm 1st molars from moving forward used for Space maintainer or anchorage
What is the least rigid Mx major connector?
Horseshoe
How can you DEC setting time of gypsum?
Hot water Less water Use of slurry water INC spatulation time
What Decreases setting time for alginate?
Hot water Less water
Color
Hue
What are ceramics etched with?
Hydrofluoric acid
Inhibitor of acrlyic
Hydroquinone
Causes multiple bone lesions that look like CGCG; Brown tumor ground glass loss of lamina dura resorb phalanges and index finger pt commonly has kidney stones
Hyperparathyroidism
Causes multiple bone lesions that look like CGCG; Brown tumor
Hyperparathyroidism
von Recklinghausen's disease of bone
Hyperparathyroidism Osteitis fibrosa cystica (Brown tumor)
What diseases result in elevated alkaline phosphatase?
Hyperparathyroidism Paget's disease
infrabuldge clasps 2
I bar modified T
implant should be 2mm away from
IAN
ANTI inflammatory medatiors
IL 4 IL 10 TIMPS
PROinflammatory mediators:
IL1- bone resorption IL 6 PGE 2 TNFalpha- macrophage activation MMPs- collagen destruction
EFFECT: IL 1 TNFa MMPs
IL1- bone resorption TNFalpha- macrophage activation MMPs- collagen destruction *release by neuts
what cytokine does macrophage release?
IL8
disinfection is used on what? what is destroyed how long to let it sit?
INANIMATE OBJECTS spores NOT destroyed *mycobacterium tuberculosis is sit 10 min -> wipe
Endochondral ossification Growth from the ___________ increase in _________ what control is it under?
INSIDE increase in LENGTH direct genetic control
What has greater risk for developing BRONJ: IV or oral bisphosphonates?
IV
serial extraction (C-D-4) contraindications
If patient has skeletal Class 2 or Skeletal Class 3
Absorption of water
Imbibition
Pell and Gregory Classification determined via 2
Impaction depth of molar How far back the molar is in comparison to ramus
Type I gypsum
Impression plaster
Porosity of porcelain due to
Inadequate condensation
Anterior determinant of occlusion
Incisal guidance
Chlorothiazide
Increase renal excretion of Na+, Cl-, and K+ Increases toxicity with Digitalis Exasperates diabetes
Short-term effects of amphetamines:
Increased heart rate and blood pressure Reduced appetite and reduced fatigue Dilation of the pupils Feelings of happiness and power
Propranolol ______________________(increases or decreases) the duration of action of lidocaine.
Increases! by slowing down the heart and blood delivery to the liver is reduced-- hence lidocaine will stay in the circulation longer
NSAID-Analgesic effects
Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins
STAGES of gingivitis: name the time frame + what happens in each STAGE 1 Stage 2
Initial lesion (2-4 days) - neutrophils infiltrate Early lesion (4-7 days) - T lymphocyte infiltration collagen loss - BOP
Angular cheilitis can be associated with:
Insufficient VDO
MOA for LA
Interfere with Na+ transport in the neuron
wiring the jaws closed, placing archbars and elastics, etc.
Intermaxillary fixation (IMF)
Imaginary line between pupils of eyes
Interpupillary line
when does each synchondroses stop? Intersphenoid? Spheno-ethmoid? Spheno-occipital
Intersphenoid- 3 years Sphenoethmoid- 7 years Spheno-occipital- 12-15
When does malignant neoplasm occur?
Invasion past BM
Subperiosteal Abscess avoided by
Irrigate thoroughly to remove fractured tooth or bone spicules below the soft tissue
Grading Is determined by
Is determined by rate of progression / responsiveness to therapy/ assessment of risk
Malignant proliferation of endothelial cells
Kaposi's sarcoma
KCOT stands for
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor
Where is the thinnest gingival tissue?
L of Molars & F of PM
Which drug class has the most consistent structure
LA (only int. chain differs)
disc displace without reduct
LOCK, Disc is anteriorly displaced condyle is stuck resulting in limited range of motion and ipsilateral deviation on opening
Discrete punched out "ice cream scoop" RL leading to floating teeth
Langerhans cell disease
Discrete punched out "ice cream scoop" RL leading to floating teeth MC = kids M>F histo = birback granules
Langerhans cell disease
Idiopathic histiocytosis
Langerhans cell disease
Idiopathic histiocytosis AKA
Langerhans cell disease
incisional indications 2
Large >1cm lesion suspected to be malignant
Wraps around the condyle and attaches to the disc Prevents post disc displace
Lateral ligament
Most common in Md PM region; always associated w/ vital tooth
Lateral periodontal cyst
always associated w/ vital tooth Most common in Md PM region;
Lateral periodontal cyst
muscles that open the MD
Lateral pterygoid
4 muscles of masticate
Lateral pterygoid Medial pterygoid Masseter Temporalis
what kind of question type should you NOT ask your patient
Leading questions *directs patients to answer a certain way
orthognathic Sx used to move Maxilla
Lefort 1 osteotomy
Neoplasm of smooth muscle cells
Leiomyoma
Malignant proliferation of smooth muscle cells
Leiomyosarcoma
What happens to gypsum products if you INC water?
Less strength More porosity Less expansion INC setting time
Blood cancer
Leukemia
Neoplasm of bone marrow cells
Leukemia
Neoplasm of bone marrow cells (lymphocytes, NK cells, granulocytes, and megakaryocytes)
Leukemia
White / grayish edematous lesion of buccal mucosa and dissipates when cheek is stretched
Leukoedema
luxating tooth requires what type of motion
Lever
Sawtooth rete pegs
Lichen planus
Amorphour pink amyloid w/ concentric calcifications found on histologic sections of CEOT
Liesegang rings
What type of margin is used for gold crowns?
Light chamfer
fixed retainers include 1
Lingual Bonded Retainer
Thyroid tissue mass at midline base of tongue located along embryonic path of thyroid descent
Lingual thyroid
Neoplasm of fat cells
Lipoma
Malignant proliferation of fat cells
Liposarcoma
DOC for manic phase or manic depression
Lithium
Amides are metabolized in the....
Liver
Extent and distribution of periodontitis Localized perio generalized molar incisor
Localized <30% of teeth involved Generalized 30% or more of teeth involved molar incisor only
Herpangina lesion location
Located at posterior oral cavity soft palate, throat, and tonsils)
Erythema nodosum + bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy + arthrtis
Lofgren's syndrome
Erythema nodosum + bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy + arthrtis
Lofgren's syndrome
1st step of exo
Loosen gingival fibers and PDL fibers attached to tooth Usually done with periosteal elevator
Lower joint space responsible for • Upper joint space responsible for
Lower joint space= rotation • Upper joint space= translation
which cements are used for zircona and metal crowns
Luting cemnts GI RMGI
SCAMMON'S GROWTH CURVE involves what tissue?
Lymphoid neural maxilla mandible general body genital
Lymphatic cancer
Lymphoma
leeway space occurs from
M-D width of primary molars and canine is wider than M-D width of perm canine and premolars
cingulum rest contraindicated for
MD incisors
Heat-cured acrlyic monomer
MMA (liquid)
what in the NEUTROPHIL hurts our periodontal tissue? what inhibits it?
MMP8 (neutrophil collagenase) tetracyclines
tendency of a FORCE to cause a body to ROTATE about a specific axis equation?
MOMENT Moment= Force x distance (from center of resistance)
patients whth what conditions CANT have epi
MS graves pt taking MAOI
most common tooth with dental trauma
MX anteriors
open lattice on Mx DE vs Md DE
MX- spans whole ridge Md- spans 2/3
Secondary lesion of syphilis
Maculopapular rash, oral mucous patch, condyloma latum
socket preservation after EXT purpose needs to have
Maintains height and width of alveolar ridge after extraction Need to have an atraumatic extraction
EM drug sensitivity
Major
Neurofibrosarcoma AKA
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Deforms easily under compressive stress
Malleability
most likely to get displaced into submandibular space
Mandibular third molar
teeth most likely to be impacted
Mandibular third molars > maxillary third molars > maxillary canines
Cut a slit into an abscess or cyst and suture the edges of the slit to keep it open so it can drain freely
Marsupialization
What refers to the distobuccal area on the impression / denture of the lower arch?
Masseteric notch
What is angioedema mediated by?
Mast cell release of IgE and histamines
what teeth are most likely to get displaced into the Mx sinus
Maxillary first/second molar
what teeth are most likely to get displaced into the infratemporal fossa
Maxillary third molar
Koplik's spots
Measles occur on B mucosa occur before skin rash
the MANDIBLE grows just lateral to which cartilage of the 1st pharyngeal arch embryonic MANDIBLE grows by what OSSIFICATION?
Meckel's cartilage intramembranous (corpus + ramus) endochondral (condylar cartilage)
Cleft lip occurs due to lack of fusion between:
Medial nasal process and maxillary process
Cleft lip fusion failure of
Medial nasal prominence maxillary prominence
muscles that close the MD
Medial pterygoid Masseter Temporalis
Loss of lingual papillae
Median rhomboid glossitis
Benign hyperpigmentation in mucous membrane
Melanotic macule freckle of mucosa
Fissured tongue + granulomatous cheilitis + facial paralysis
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome
Where is traumatic neuroma most commonly found?
Mental formamen
What muscle attaches into the labial vestibule?
Mentalis
Color appears different under different lighting
Metamerism
Pain, swelling, paresthesia; ill-defined changes in Md; origin found elsewhere in the body
Metastatic carcinoma
Pain, swelling, paresthesia; ill-defined changes in Md; origin found elsewhere in the body
Metastatic carcinoma
________________ ise used as a detox of patients physically dependant on morphine
Methadone this is because withdrawal is intense and less stressful than those of morphine
Prilocaine causes....
Methemoglobinemia
Central acting adrenergic drugs (list)
Methyldopa Clonidine
unilateral, pulsating, nausea and vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia
Migraine
pharmacological pain manage mild pain moderate pain severe pain
Mild-- ibuprofen or acetaminophen Moderate -- ibuprofen and acetaminophen Severe ---ibuprofen and/or acetaminophen and opioid
EM herpes simplex hypersensitivity
Minor
What provides stability on a direct retainer?
Minor connector & reciprocal clasp arm
Where is the most common site for pleomorphic adenoma?
Minor salivary gland: Palate Major: Parotid
Where is the most common site for pleomorphic adenoma?
Minor: Palate Major: Parotid
SE of drug abuse:
Miosis, tolerance, physical dependence, phycological dependence,
Type II gypsum
Model plaster
Measures stiffness / rigidity; sustain deformation w/o permanent change in size or shape
Modulus of elasticity / elastic modulus
What must be present for porcelain to bond to the alloy?
Monomolecular oxidative layer
Composed of single cell type
Monomorphic adenoma
What is the main con for conventional bridge?
More removal or tooth structure
If you have excessive monomer, how does that affect denture processing?
More shrinkage
Nerve injury is most common when extracting which teeth
Most common with lower third molars & IAN
Oro-Antral Communication (OAC) (sinus expose) is most common with what tooth is prevented via 2
Most common with maxillary first molars Prevent via good pre-op radiograph and avoid excessive apical pressure
bodily movement what occurs ideal force
Moves the crown and root equally in the same direction 100g
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia + cutaneous cafe au lait spots + endocrine abnormalities like precocious puberty
MuCune-Albright syndrome
Composed of mucus and epithelial cells; most common salivary gland malignancy
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Composed of mucus and epithelial cells; most common salivary gland malignancy
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Autoantibodies against BM; subasilar
Mucous membrane pemphigoid
Cyst caused by blockage of salivary duct by sialolith
Mucous retention cyst
caused by blockage of salivary duct by sialolith
Mucous retention cyst
Multiple neuromas + medually thyroid cancer + pheochromocytoma of adrenal gland
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN 2B)
AKA plasma cell myeloma
Multiple myeloma
Multiple punched out RL usually in skull; amyloidosis
Multiple myeloma
Multiple punched out RL usually in skull; amyloidosis
Multiple myeloma
plasma cell myeloma AKA
Multiple myeloma
Excessive VDO causes:
Muscles of mastication fatigue excessive display of mandibular teeth clicking of the posterior teeth when speaking strained appearance of the lips patient underable to wear dentures discomfort excessive trauma to supporting tissues gagging
Distal wedge - flaps and incisions used for MX MD
Mx - full thickness flap with parallel incisions Md - full thickness flap with V shaped incisions
Tuberculosis caused by:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Most common cause of masticatory pain
Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS)
Methods of biotransformation
N-alkylation Sulfate conjugation Glucuronide conjugation
The antagonist of choice in the tx. of opiod overdose is
NALOXONE
the Material Data sheet uses color and number of what? list what each means
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION blue- health hazard red- fire hazard yellow- reactivity white- required PPE 0-4 least to most dangerous
Multiple neurofibromas + multiple skin freckles (cafe au lait spots) + axillary freckles (Crowe's sign) + iris freckles (Lisch spots)
NF Type I / Von Recklinghausen's disease
Is vasoconstriction part of a cholinergic crisis
NO
Does mediCARE cover dental?
NO exception: if it is related to medical condition (EXT before radiation)
HOST MODULATION THERAPY what drugs? what do they inhibit?
NSAIDS (inhib prostaglandins) bisphosphonates (inhibit osteoclast) *BRONJ Subantimicrobial dose Doxy SDD (inhib MMPs collagenase)
Sprinaolactone
Na+ sparing
Reversal agent of morphine
Naloxone
Heart-shaped RL in nasopalatine canal caused by cystification of canal remnants
Nasopalatine duct cyst
Rapidly expanding ulcerative lesion due to ischemic necrosis of minor salivary glands in response to trauma or LA
Necrotizing sialometaplasia
Rapidly expanding ulcerative lesion due to ischemic necrosis of minor salivary glands in response to trauma or LA
Necrotizing sialometaplasia
Ghonorrhea caused by
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neoplasm of Schwann cells and fibroblasts
Neurofibroma
von Recklinghausen's disease
Neurofibromatosis
Malignant proliferation of Schwann cells
Neurofibrosarcoma
Pain independent of stimulus intensity
Neuropathic Pain
Another name for Gorlin syndrome
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
put the wires in order of strength and stiffness weakest -> strongest
NiTi < TMA < SS
Inflamed salivary duct openings on the palate
Nicotine stomatitis
list cements is regards to bonding characteristics No bond bond to tooth
No bond zinc oxide eugenol zinc phosphate Bonds to tooth GI - adheres to enamel and dent (weak chelation) RMGI resin - bonds to dentin
Neoplasm of fibroblasts; easy to eradicate & rarely recurs
Nodular fascitis
Neoplasma of B or T cells
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Neoplasma of B or T cells; Burkitt's lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Upper and lower members are rigidly attached on articular
Nonarcon
Epitaxis
Nose bleed
Congenital syphilis Hutchinson's triad
Notched incsiors / mulberry molars, deafness, ocular keratitis
Nystatin MOA
Nystatin = ANTIFUNGAL Bind to ergosterol in fungal cells walls to weaken the wall
KCOT
OKC
KCOT AKA
OKC
INTRAMEMBRANOUS ossification Growth from the ___________ increase in _________ what control is it under?
OUTSIDE inc in DIAMETER environmental control
which is worse: undercontoured vs overcontoured CROWN
OVERcontoured- plaque retention
asking a bad kid to watch his good sibling is what kind of learning?
Observational learning
OSHA - stands for what do they do
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) determine regulations for everything in the dental office Protects healthcare professionals from occupational hazards
phase 3 RESTORATIVE : when does it occur what do we do? (2)
Occurs after periodontal disease is under control final restoration fixed/removable prosth
traumatic bone cyst occurs in what age group how is it dx how is it tx
Occurs in teenagers aspirate to diagnosis (should be fluid filled) just monitor
AKA myxofibroma
Odontogenic myxoma
Slimy stroma, messy RL w/ unclear borders & honeycomb pattern
Odontogenic myxoma
RO lesion composed of dental hard tissues
Odontoma
RO lesion composed of dental hard tissues ( enam + dent + pulp) MC odontogenic tumor Mc = kids /teen can block erruption
Odontoma
erythema multiforme locations
Often on lips but can occur anywhere on skin and mucosa
Another name for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Olser-Weber-Rendu syndrome
primate space location Mx vs MD
On MX -- between primary max lateral and primary max canine On Md --- primary mandibular canine and primary mandibular first molar
Light effect of a translucent material appearing blue in reflected light & red-orange in transmitted light
Opalescence
of you have an OPEN mandibular growth rotation how is the bite? face height?
Open bite Long face
OARS motivational interviewing
Open questions affirmations reflective listening summarzing
open reduction VS closed reduction
Open reduction-- fracture fragments are exposed surgically by dissecting the tissues • Closed reduction--- fracture fragments are manipulated without surgical exposure
Epithelial cyst w/in lymphoid tissue or oral muscosa, commonly in palatine & lingual tonsil region
Oral lymphoepithelial cyst
which complex comes first ORANGE or red complex whats in the orange complex (3)
Orange Fusobacterium nucleatum Prevotella intermedia Campylobacter rectus
What muscles attach into the Md buccal frenum?
Orbicular oris & buccinator
What muscle attaches into the Md labial frrenum?
Orbicularis oris
1-2 wall defect how to treat it?
Osseous resection -recontour to make positive architechture
Circumscribed RO mass of bone & osteoblasts
Osteoblastoma
Circumscribed RO mass of bone & osteoblasts pain is common MC in young adult
Osteoblastoma
Blue sclera
Osteogenesis imperfecta Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Lack of bone remodeling and resorption leads to "stone bone"; autosomal dominant or recessive
Osteopetrosis
Sarcoma of jaws where new bone is produced by tumor cells; sunburst pattern
Osteosarcoma
Sarcoma of jaws where new bone is produced by tumor cells; sunburst pattern uniform widen of PDL pain / swelling / parasthesia resorption of surrounding struct
Osteosarcoma
What can cause oxide-oxide cohesive failure?
Oxide layer too thick
what bug is in CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
P gingivalis
MAIN bug in Pregnancy Gingivitis
P intermedia
how do we test statistical significance? what is it? P >.05 ? P <.05 ?
P value probability that two variables are UNrelated <.05 --- statistically significant - reject null - they are related >.05 --- statistically not significant
CAL =
PD + recession
PD measures from where to where CAL measured from where to where
PD - from gingival margin to base of pocket CAL - from CEJ to base of pocket
What antibiotic used for endo, pulpal involvement?
PEN VK
Phosphate-bonded investments
PFM crowns
acrylic powder contents
PMMA benzoyl peroxide - initiator salts - pigment
Heat-cured acrylic polymer
PMMA (powder)
Neostigmine
PNS direct Ach like action at the neuromuscular junction Inhibit acetylcholinesterase
Providers agree to accept LESS than usual fees in exchange for HIGHER VOLUME of pts
PPO- preffered provider organization
If patient requiring EXT is on DICOUMAROL therapy the most valuable lab test is
PPT (plasma prothrombin time)
"Dentures not fitting"
Paget's disease
Denture and./or hats become too tight
Paget's disease
Progressive metabolic disturbance causing symmetrical enlargement of bones ( skull/ femur / jaw ) usually in adults >50 y/o; cotton wool appearance
Paget's disease
Progressive metabolic disturbance of many bones causing symmetrical enlargement, usually in adults >50 y/o; cotton wool appearance
Paget's disease
Cleft palate occurs due to lack of fusion between:
Palatal shelves
Where is papillary hyperplasia found?
Palate
High risk sites for oral melanoma
Palate & gingiva
What structures in the upper arch provide the most support?
Palate and alveolar ridge
What limits the denture extension in the posterior region of the alveololingual sulcus?
Palatoglossus & superior constrictor
Noble metal that has strength
Palladium
Where is Warthin's tumor usually found?
Parotid of older men
caries causing resorption of primary roots.
Pathologic root resorption
what impaction classification system is only for MD 3rd molars
Pell and Gregory Classification
what impaction classification system is only for 3rd molars
Pell and Gregory Classification Winter's Classification
Autoantibodies against desmosomes; suprabasilar
Pemphigus vulgaris
#1 dental antibiotic for an infection within 24hrs is
Pen VK -- 1gm booster and 500mg q6h
Ability to be burnished
Percentage elongation
Reactive process of unknown origin, most common at apices of Md anterior teeth in middle-aged black females teeth are vital
Periapical COD (cemento-osseous dysplasia)
Reactive process of unknown origin, most common at apices of Md anterior teeth in middle-aged black females & teeth are vital
Periapical COD (cemento-osseous dysplasia)
What provides the most retention?
Peripheral seal
Freckles (face / lip / or in mouth) + intestinal polyps
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Tx. of scopolamine overdose
Physostigmine
CEOT (calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor) AKA
Pindborg tumor
Noble metal that has strength & INC melting temperature
Platinum
Composed of mixture of cell types that is firm rubbery swelling; most common benign salivary gland tumor
Pleomorphic adenoma
Firm rubbery swelling composed of multiple cell types
Pleomorphic adenoma
most common benign salivary gland tumor
Pleomorphic adenoma
Mucosal atrophy + dysphagia + iron deficiency anemia + INC risk of oral cancer
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Second most common salivary gland malignancy for minor glands
Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA)
What impression material leaves a water byproduct?
Polysulfide rubber
What is an example of a material that is brittle?
Porcelain
Bony architecture types (3)
Positive architecture Flat architecture Negative architecture
Digitalis (Glycoside)
Positive inotropic effect Increases the force of contraction of the heart Inhibits Na/K+ ATPase Decreases edema, heart size and diastolic volume Toxicity: extrasystoles, NV, Yellow and Green vision, and AV blocks
Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment explain each
Positive reinforcement - do good get reward Negative reinforcement- do good bad removed Positive punishment- do bad get punished Negative punishment- do bad, good gets removed pos- give something neg- take away
Attaches to articular disc and posterior condyle Prevents anterior disc displace
Posterior ligament
Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) most common in associated with 3
Postmenopausal women (older than 50) type II diabetes, malnutrition, xerostomia
Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN). is most common in is pain unilateral or bilateral? 1 other feat
Postmenopausal women (older than 50) unilateral Trigger point -- touch it, then triggers pain
What is the active ingredient of alginate?
Potassium alginate
When replacing a (Mx) Canine, why should the CI & LI be splinted together?
Prevent lateral drifting of bridge
Develops where a tooth would have formed; most commonly Md 3M region
Primordial cyst
Develops where a tooth would have formed; most commonly 3M region
Primordial cyst
B-Blockers (List some)
Propranolol Metoprolol Atenolol
------study cohort followed through time to see who develops a disease, can calculate (2)
Prospective cohort study incidence & relative risk "track a group of people fir 5 yrs to see who develops oral cancer"
What mimics SSC in granular cell tumor?
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH)
FOUR things to remember about the NECROTIZING perio diseases (ANUG, ANUP) predisposing factors?
Pseudomembrane Fetid "stinky" breath blunted papilla Fever stress, smoking, immunosuppression
candidiasis clinical present
Pseudomembranous > white plaque that rubs off Atrophic > red Median rhomboid glossitis > loss of lingual papillae (PIC) Angular cheilitis > corner of mouth
Connects buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
Pterygomandibular raphe
Hyperplasia of capillaries
Pyogenic granuloma
Mutual sense of trust and openess
RAPPORT
3-4 wall defect how to treat it?
REGENERATION --- because better blood supply and cell source proximity
What material is used and placed on the thin portition of remaining dentin -that if removed might expose the healthy pulp in indirect pulp cap ?
RMGI or calcium hydroxide
Clasp selection for distal extension in order of preference:
RPI > RPA > WW
RL at apex always associated with a nonvital tooth
Radicular cyst
RL at apex always associated with a nonvital tooth
Radicular cyst / periapical cyst
Herpes zoster reaction in geniculate ganglion affecting CN VII and VIII resulting in facial paralysis, vertigo, and deafness
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
2 types of CT tumors
Reactive -- reacting to trauma or stimulus Neoplastic- new abnormal growth
Mandibular condyle translates anterior to the articular eminence and requires mechanical manipulation to achieve reduction
Recurrent Dislocation
Always found on attached gingiva
Recurrent intraoral herpes
Dentigerous cysts are accumulation of fluid between crown and _____
Reduced enamel epithelium
Ghost teeth
Regional odontodysplasia
Quadrant of teeth exhibit short roots, open apices & enlarged pulp chambers; ghost teeth
Regional odontodysplasia
Quadrant of teeth exhibit short roots, open apices & enlarged pulp chambers; ghost teeth
Regional odontodysplasia
Surgical removal of a cyst or tumor and normal tissue around it
Resection
Features that prevent removal of crown by apical, horizontal, or oblique forces (occlusal forces)
Resistance
Proximal grooves provide
Resistance
What provides support on a direct retainer?
Rest
Cervical-Pull Headgear
Restrains maxillary forward growth Extrudes and distalizes upper molars Best for Class II deep bite
What epithelializes the small gingival cyst of newborn lesions?
Rests of dental lamina
Buccal grooves provide
Retention
Features that prevent removal of crown along long axis of tooth prep (sticky food)
Retention
Resistance to vertical dislodging forces
Retention
What provides retention on a direct retainer?
Retentive clasp arm
------study look back after following the cohort and decide what disease you want to look for, can calculate (2)
Retrospective cohort study incidence & relative risk
Best for Class III maxillary deficiency Best for Class III mandibular excess
Reverse-Pull Headgear Chin Cup
Phenytoin
Reverses digitalis arrhythmia
Neoplasm of skeletal muscle cells
Rhabdomyoma
Malignant proliferation of skeletal muscle cells
Rhabdomyosarcoma
What is the best indicator for success of a denture?
Ridge
What provides the most stability for the upper and lower arches?
Ridge height & depth of vestibule
What is the primary function of a major connector?
Rigidity
funds medical/dental care for HIV/AIDS pts
Ryan white CARE act
Transverse corrections • Maxillary expansion=
SARPE (surgical assisted rapid palatal expansion)
SICKLE scalers are for calculus located where why? hoe many cutting edges cross section?
SUPRA BC of sharp tip 2 cutting edges triangular
Pigments in acrylic
Salts of iron, cadmium, or organic dyes
Hyperimmune; may be triggered by mycobacteria, primarily pulmonary disease but also affects salivary glands & mucosa; xerostomia is a symtpom
Sarcoidosis
Hyperimmune; may be triggered by mycobacteria, primarily pulmonary disease but also affects salivary glands & mucosa; xerostomia
Sarcoidosis
Mesenchymal (CT) cancer
Sarcoma
Strawberry tongue
Scarlet fever
Schwannoma (neurilemmoma) is neoplasm of what?
Schwann cells
social cognitive theory: COGNITIVE perception that you can execute behaviors necessary for a given situation
Self efficacy *believe in yourself
Sensitivity vs specificity
Sensitivity= disease correctly ID people with disease Specificity= health correctly ID people without disease
group of anomalies that generally stem from a single major anomaly that alters the development of surrounding structures
Sequence
simple EXT 3 steps
Sever Soft Tissue Attachment Luxate Tooth with Elevator Deliver Tooth with Forceps
Indications for Extraction
Severe crowding Minimal overbite or open bite Full protrusive lips Acute nasolabial angle Anterior recession or thin tissue Camouflage skeletal class 2 or 3
Cuspal anatomy that favors disclusion
Short cusps w/ shallow inclines
What type of margin is used for all-ceramic crowns?
Shoulder
What are ceramics treated with to bond?
Silane coupling agent
AKA antral pseudocyst
Sinus retention cyst
Autoimmune pathology that affects salivary and tear glands
Sjogren's syndrome
Autoimmune that affects salivary and tear glands
Sjogren's syndrome
Condylar guidance is determined by:
Slope of articular eminence
Dentifrice-associated sloughing is related to what ingredient?
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Increased stimulus yields increased pain
Somatic Pain
Resistance to horizontal dislodging forces
Stability
RL in posterior Md below Md canal due to lingual concavity of jaw
Stafne bone defect
RBL Stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 stage 4
Stage 1 - coronal 1/3 (<15% stage 2 - coronal 1/3 (15-33% stage 3 - extending to/past middle 1/3 ( >33% stage 4 - extending to/past middle 1/3 ( >33%
PD Stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 stage 4
Stage 1 4mm or less stage 2 5mm or less Stage 3 6mm or more Stage 4. 6mm or more
tooth loss Stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 stage 4
Stage 1. - none stage 2 - none stage 3 - 4 or less teeth lost stage 4 - 5 or more teeth lost
Laws that set max time after an event which legal proceedings may be initiated
Statute of limitations
Another name for major EM
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
How is elastic modulus calculated
Stress divided by strain it is the slope of the straight part of the strainxstress graph
Indomethacin
Strong NSAID
Angiomas of leptomeninges (archnoid & pia mater) + anginomas of skin along distribution of trigeminal nerve
Sturge-Weber syndrome
Extravascular lesions that do not blanch
Submucosal hemorrhage
Occurs when a small piece of necrotic bone or tooth has been left behind after Sx EXT
Subperiosteal Abscess
complications of EXT include
Subperiosteal Abscess Oro-Antral Communication (OAC) (sinus expose) Alveolar Osteitis ( dry socket) Nerve Injury Tooth Displacement
What can inhibit PVS?
Sulfur in latex gloves & rubber dams
Resistance to vertical seating forces
Support
Combination of adhesion and cohesion forces that maintain film integrity
Surface tension
Another name for major aphthous ulcer
Sutton disease
Loss of water
Syneresis
Miliary TB
Systemic spread
NK cells are _____ cells that recognize and kill what kind of cells?
T cells Tumor/virally infected
MAIN bug in ANUG/ANUP
T denticola
Lichen planus what happens
T lymphocytes target and destroy basal keratinocytes
Measures statistical difference between TWO MEANS (small sample size)
T test
Most commonly used antidepressant
TCA
TP (true pos) = TN (true neg - FN (flase neg) - FP (false pos )-
TP (true pos) = patient has caries / and experiment says they have caries TN (true neg - patient doesn't have caries / and experiment agrees FN (flase neg) - our test says they don't have caries - when they actually do FP (false pos )- our test says they do have caries - actually do not
corticosteriods or glucosteriods suppress the immune system in addition to anti-inflammatory activity (T or F?)
TRUE
What does the operator have the most control over with tooth preparation?
Taper / parallelism
SE of phenothiazine
Tardive dyskinesia
The retromolar pad contains muscle attachments from:
Temporalis Buccinator Superior pharyngeal constrictor Pterygomandibular raphe
are used for skeletal anchorage
Temporary anchorage devices (TADs)
Ability to resist fracture during pulling
Tensile strength
bilateral, non-pulsating, not aggravated by routine activity
Tension type
reduced periodonitum definition can result from
There has been previous attachment loss / bone loss - but healthy now non perio - hard tooth brushing - crown lengthen periodontits hx - but currently stable
Example of Barbiturates
Thiopental (quick onset, and short duration)
teeth most likely to be missing
Third molars > maxillary lateral incisors > mandibular second premolars
Midline neck swelling located along embryonic path of thyroid descent
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Porosity of acrylic due to
Too fast heating (for denture
What does it mean if there is whistling when a patient is saying sibilant sounds?
Too narrow arch form
Back-pressure porosity of metal due to
Too short sprue
Shrinkage porosity of metal due to
Too thin sprue
What does it mean if there is a lisp when patient's s sounds become sh sounds?
Too wide arch form
Toxicity of Digitalis
Toxicity: extrasystoles, NV, Yellow and Green vision, and AV blocks
Large RL scalloped around roots
Traumatic bone cyst
Simple bone cyst / idiopathic bone cavity
Traumatic bone cyst
Entangled submuscosal mass of neural tissue and scar
Traumatic neuroma
Patient autonomy treat the patient according to ---
Treat the patient according to the patient's desires within the bounds of acceptable treatment
chlorpheniramine (H1 antihistamine)
Treating dermatologic manifestations of allergic response
Syphilis is caused by:
Treponema pallidum
Electrical, sharp, shooting, and episodic, followed by refractory periods
Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN).
4 types of Neuropathic Pain
Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN). Atypical Odontalgia (AO) Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN) Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) Chronic Headache
What controls the setting rate of irreversible hydrocolloid?
Trisodium phosphate
Many benzodiazepine have active metabolites (T/F)
True
3 components of stress management
Trust - provide patients with a sense of control COMFORT—acknowledge the patient's experience COPING—use cognitive-behavioral interventions
Propranolol
Tx. of paroxysmal tachycardia
Lidocaine
Type 1B Agent = decrease excitability for ventricular arrhythmia
False Negative when you accept a null hypothesis that should have been rejected type ________ error
Type 2 testing tooth vitality
What can cause porosity in dentures?
Underpacking during processing Heated too rapidly
ankylosis
Union between condyle and skull can be either bony or fibrous
Universal vs Gracey used for what area of the mouth # of cutting edges Cross section shape
Universal can be used in any area of the mouth 2 cutting edges semicircle cross section Gracey cureetes adapt to specific areas of the mouth 1 cutting edge semicircle in cross section
cytology is used for negative feature
Used For monitoring large tissue area for dysplastic changes Many false positives
Antisepsis used on ? to reduc what? methods (4)
Used on living tissue to reduce bacterial load alcohol CHX detergent quat ammonium
Buspirone
Used to relieve anxiety DOES NOT CAUSE CNS DEPRESSION
Cholinergic agonists
Used to tx. xerostomia
Another name for Heefordt syndrome
Uveoparotid fever
Lightness or darkness
Value
What is the most important with shade selection?
Value
Cleft + lip pits
Van der Woude syndrome
Chickenpox is
Varicella zoster virus primary infection
epi fxn in LA
Vasoconstriction > decrease toxicity increase duration promote hemostasis
Common skin wart
Verruca vulgaris
winters classification types
Vertical Mesioangular Horozontal Distoangular Buccolingual
Stage of perio with.... Vertical bone loss 3mm or more Furcation involvement class 2/3 <20 teeth remaining
Vertical bone loss 3mm or more automatic stage 3 or 4 Furcation involvement class 2/3 automatic stage 3 or 4 <20 teeth remaining automatic stage 4
MALNUTRITION factors that could affect Plaque induced gingival disease
Vit C defficiency
What can cause porcelain-porcelain cohesive failure?
Voids or inclusions
Composed on oncocytes and lymphoid cells
Warthin's tumor
Why do you not want to use RMGI with ACC?
Water absorption causes expansion
Casts poured from alginate are more accurately mounted with:
Wax record
Tx of skeletal class 3 via growth modification
We want to slow the MD and speed up the MX • Reverse headgear---- stimulates maxillary growth • Chin cup ---restrains mandibular growth
Tx of skeletal class 2 via growth modification
We want to slow the Mx and speed up the MD • Headgear--- restrains maxillary growth • Functional appliances ---stimulate mandibular growth
Allergic reaction to inhaled antigen; strawberry gingivitis
Wegener's granulomatosis
Cementoblastoma
Well-curcumscribed RO mass w/ RL border associated w/ apex of roots
When would splinting teeth be recommended?
When peirodontal surface of abutment tooth is not sufficient to support bridge (failure of Ante's law)
Asymptomatic spongy white buccal mucosa & cannot wipe off; autosomal dominant
White sponge nevus
What is the purpose of a free gingival graft?
Widen band of KT
Secondary TB
Widespread lung infection with cavitation
What is an example of a material that is ductile?
Wires (ortho)
Measures statistical difference between TWO MEANS (LARGE sample size) *variance is known
Z test
what does a periodontal pack consist of is used after ____ is left in place for how long why do we place them?
ZOE after invasive perio surgery 1 week protect wound, minimize discomfort, prevent bleeding mainitain tissue placement
_______ buildup in coronal portion and _____ coverage after pulpotomy
ZOE, SSC
What cement can cause pulpal irritation?
Zinc phosphate
What material has the best fracture toughness?
Zirconia
Midface Fractures Best evaluated with
a CBCT
Guanethidine
a neuronal blocker for severe HTN
Mandibular Fractures Best evaluated with
a panoramic
implant stability is at its lowest how long after placement
about 4w
what is placed onto the implant body
abutment
STAGES OF CHANGE engaged in taking action towards behavior change *requires support
action
activation vs deactivation ORTHO WIRE
activation - loading -amount of force to put wire into bracket deac- "unloading" amount of force wire applies to tooth to get back into original shape
Methyldopa
acts on CNS/ false neurotransmitter
Codeine
acts to suppress the cough reflex
purpose of beading Mx Mc
adds strength maintains tissue contact and prevents food impaction
SECOND thing that forms in the PLAQUE cascade? how long does it take to form
adhesion/attachment of bacteria minutes
implant should be 3mm away from
adjacent implant
implant should be 1.5mm away from
adjacent natural tooth
gingivitis affects ---% of children over the age of ---
affects 70% of children over the age of 7
smear of toothpaste should be used before what age?
age 2
Pea sized toothpaste should be used for what age?
age 2-5
Clinical prognostic factors
age: younger patients with the same level of disease as an older patient has a worse prognosis disease severity: CAL is more important than PPD plaque control: poor OHI patient compliance:
which agency of HHS quality and access to care research quality assessment = quality assurance =
agency for healthcare research and quality AHRQ Quality assessment= measures quality of care at a location Quality assurance= not only measures quality of care but also implements necessary changes to improve the situation
Most common age of abuse and neglect
ages 0-3
defective neutrophil chemotaxis can lead to _______________
aggressive periodontitis
insufficient VDO causes
aging appearance of face decreased occlusal force angular chelitis
Host modulation therapy aim should only be used as used for what type of perio
aims to downregulate the destructive aspects of host response should only be used as an adjunct to mechanical debridement during phase I chronic periodontitis
what should be avoided when taking MTZ
alcohol
stages of comprehensive tx
alignment overbite correction (leveling correction of molar relation space closure finshing and detailing
tissue stops are present on
all DE RPD
full palate indications
all post teeth missing bilaterally - Ken1 perio teeth shallow vault small mouth
which teeth are effected in dentin dysplasia
all teeth from both dentitions
SE of erythromycin
allergic cholestatic hepatitis
purpose of retention (3)
allow time for the reorganize of gingival and periodontal fibers prevent ST pressures from altering post treatemtn tooth position hold the new position of teeth until growth is complete
adjunctive therapy is given
alongside mechanical therapy like SRP
when elevating what is your fulcrum
alveolar bone
what is the 4 things in the periodontium?
alveolar bone PDL cementum gingiva *all things that touch PDL
does composite or amalgam have a CoTE most similar to tooth
amalgam COTE is more similar to tooth
enamel organ gives rise to
ameloblasts → enamel
failure in bell stage histo diff can lead to
amelogensis imperfecta dentinogenesis imperfecta
Secondary colonizers eat what?
amino acids
sympathomimetics
amphetamine tyramine ephedrine cocaine methylphenidate TCA MAOI
amphetamine tyramine ephedrine cocaine methylphenidate TCA MAOI
amphetamine - stim NE release tyramine """ ephedrine "" cocaine - (-) reuptake of NE and D methylphenidate - "" TCA - (-) reuptake of NE and Sera MAOI - block enzymatic breakdown of all
Which penicillin has the best gram - spectrum
ampicillin
Lorazepam
an anti-anxiety drug
Meperidine (Demerol) is
an opiod analgesic
Naloxone
an opiod with both agonistic and antagonistic activities
Pentazocine
an opiod with both agonistic and antagonistic activities it has abuse potential less than that of heroin It may induce dysphoria and mental aberrations
AP strap - sstrap locations
anterior strap - should be as sposterior as possible to avoid speech isssues posterior border should be short of the vibrating line
B- Blocker MOA
anti-renin effect
4 classes of adjunctive therapy
antibiotics host modulation therapy occlusal correction furcation correction
SE of Antidepressant
anticholinergic or atropine SE
________________ is known as age-appropriate counseling for patients and their parents focused on prevention
anticipatory guidance
Trigeminal Neuralgia TX
anticonvulsants (carbamazepine), surgery
Postherpetic Neuralgia TX
anticonvulsants, antidepressants, or sympathetic blocks
Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) what CLEANING TIER? how does it work? what does it NOT kill?
antisepsis (living tissue) disrupt cell membrane does not kill spores,TB, non envelope virus
subjective experience involving cognitive emotional, behavioral, and psychological factors
anxiety
____________ pts are more likely to report pain/discomfort
anxious
SE of chloramphenicol
aplastic anemia
Apical pressure
applied to every tooth, avoid excessive pressure in maxillary molars
Aphthous Ulcer- AKA apthous stomatitis AKA canker sore 2 types and diff between them
apthous Minor stomatitis > heal without scarring Major > heal with scarring
If primary canine is lost early, can lead to lingual collapse of incisors and therefor loss of....
arch length
types od local delivery AB (3)
arrestin = minocycline atridox = doxycycline periochip = chlorhexidine gluconate
Adverse effects of L-DOPA include
arrhythmias, psychotic disturbances, nasea and vomiting, abnormal involuntarty movements
which amide AB is metabolized in blood
articaine
what seperates the TMJ into upper and lower joint spaces
articular disc
A heroin-dependent pt. should not be given nalbuphine for pain because
as a mixed agonist-antagonist it can elicit withdrawal symptoms
chemical burn can occur from
aspirin hydrogen perroxide silver nitrate phenol
if you dont give the pt informed consent what can they charge you with?
assault battery
When is primate space lost?
at 6 years of age
center of resistance location for a tooth
at the center of its root - Periodontal compromise moves it apically - Root resorption moves it occlusally
comp inhibitors that block M R
atropine scopolamine propantheline
atropine, scopolamine, propantheline are ______________ muscarinic receptors blockers which sometimes are used to control _____________________ _________________
atropine, scopolamine, propantheline are COMPETITIVE muscarinic receptors blockers which sometimes are used to control SALIVARY SECRETIONS
free gingival graft why do want to add more attached gingiva (3)
attached gingiva helps - enhance plaque removal (less painful brushing), -improves esthetics, - reduces inflammation around abutment teeth and implants
Facial pain of unknown cause/diagnosis pending
atypical pain
bone graft types (4) listed from best to worst
autograft: allograft: xenograft: alloplast:
Source of autograft: allograft: xenograft: alloplast:
autograft: from yourself allograft: from another human, usually cadaver xenograft: from another species, usually cow alloplast: synthetic or inorganic
Informed consent which ADA principle?
autonomy
Patient records: what ADA principle how long should you keep them?
autonomy as long as possible
SSC are for teeth affected by extensive caries especially past the ________________
axial line angles
ECC previously called? defined as #. "dmfs" between what AGE?
baby bottle tooth decay 1 dmfs --- birth -71 MONTHS
INFECTIONS that can cause gingival disease
bacterial (N. Gonorrhoeae, treponema pallidum) Viral (herpes) Fungal (candidiasis)
what does a WATER PIK remove?
bacterial load on GINGIVA *not biofilm on tooth
Penicillin is bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
bactericidal kills rapidly growing cells by inhibiting CELL WALL SYNTHESIS
Are sulfonamides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
bacteriostatic compete with PABA in folic acid synthesis, thus resulting in folic acid deficiency
Is tetracycline bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
bacteriostatic limit population growth by INTERFERING WITH PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ON BACTERIAL RIBOSOMES 30s
prevents soft tissue downgrowth and permits hard tissue ingrowth
barrier membrane
Guided tissue regeneration 3 components
barrier membrane bone graft biologic agent
Monomorphic adenoma includes (4)
basal cell adenoma, canalicular adenoma, myoepithelioma, and oncocytic tumor
silica -bonded investments
base metal crowns
Stopping oral habits before when will result is a reversing of effects
before erruption of the perm incisors
social cognitive theory: Learn proper behavior from models aroundyou
behavioral modeling
NORMAL distribution is what shape? how many in 1st deviation 2nd deviation 3rd deviation
bell shape 1st dev- 68% 2nd dev- 95% 3rd dev- 99.7%
retentive clasp contacts tooth
below height of contour/survey line
INSURANCE TERMS beneficiary benefactor benefits
beneficiary- person covered benefactor- insurance company benefits- what insurance pays for
what type of bone is best for implant worst for implant
best = type 1 worst = type 4
Type 4 gypsum feat 3 used for
best abrasion resistance** least gauging water** least amount of expansion** used for fabrication of dies
Flaps are used for
better access and visibility
acrylic denture teeth benefit
better retention - because can bond to acrylic resin of denture base
BOLTON ANALYSIS if tooth is too big how to fix small?
big- IPR small- build up
Ganglionic blockers (list drugs)
bind N R at ganglion and block it -Mecamylamine -Hexamethonium
Cholinergic agonists (drugs)
bind and activate M R -pilocarpine -methacholine
creates an environment conducive to tissue formation
biologic agent
what does National Institutes of Health. NIH do?
biomedical and public health RESEARCH
which provisional restorative material can be used direct
bis acryl composite
Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture key feature
bleeding under conjunctiva
Antidepressant MOA
blockade of amine re-uptake or alterations of receptor number
Mechanism of Anti-psychotics
blockade of dopaminergic sites in the brain (can affect the hypothalmic temp regulation)
antral pseudocyst is Caused by
blockage of glands in sinus mucosa
Captopril
blocks enzyme converting angiotensin 1 --> angiotensin 2 Also for heart failure
CEPHALOCAUDAL GROWTH GRADIENT what does this growth pattern say? 2
body parts close to cranium grow FASTER EARLIER body parts further from head grow LATER
what layer of porca provides most of the shade for PFM
body/dentin porca
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) what gets regenerated?
bone cementum PDL
is osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and/or osteogenic
bone graft
horozontal bone loss
bone stays parallel to line connecting CEJs
Maxillary major connector specs
borders should be 6 mm away from the palatal gingival margin borders should be parallel to the palatal gingival margin must have 0.5 mm beading to ensure intimate tissue contact from keratinized palatal tissue cross the midline at a right angle
ADHD most common in boys or girls? and what age does it first appear?
boys, 3-6 years
reciprocal clasp fxn
braces abutment tooth so it is not torqued by retentive clasp
cholinergic crisis
bradycardia lacrimation salivation M weak diarrea bronchial constrict tx = atropine
Cholinergic crisis
bradycardia, lacrimation, saliva, voluntary muscle, weakness, diarrhea, brochoconstruction
Cranial vault growth growing __________ pushes cranial bones apart what kind of OSSIFICATION at fontanelles/sutures
brain intramembranous
Bis acryl composite provisional features
brittle, worse mechanical properties than PMMA, less shrinkage, less odor and minimal irritation, radiopaque on x-rays
occlusal contacts should be ---- why
broad and flat prevents wear
Facts about tetracycline (SE, spectrum, toxicity etc.)
broad spectrum liver toxicity: hepatotoxicity effectiveness is reduced by ingestion of antacids and dairy products can cause: superinfection, photosensitivity, discoloration of newly formed teeth, GI symptoms
Cytology AKA
brush biopsy
what should you do if you have a short crown prep
buccal grooves for retention prox grooves for resistance
implant should be 1mm away from
buccal plate, lingual plate, inferior border of MD , maxillary sinus, nasal cavity
Mesenchyme start condensing in what stage?
bud stage
FRAUD TERMS COMBINING distinct dental procedures
bundling Insurance company tells dentist that they are not gona compensate for both crown + B/U and that the B/U is pasrt of the crown - when actually they are 2 different things
lupus feature
butterfly rash / MALAR RASH whickem striae on oral lesions autoantibodies present
Morphine binds to which site to produce analgesia?
by binding to specific receptors in the CNS
At a ph of 7.8 lidocaine (pka = 7.8) will exist in a- ionized form b-non-ionized form c-an equal mixture of ionized and non-ionized form
c!
What is placed on healthy pulp exposure in direct pulp cap?
calcium hydroxide and RMGI placed over restoration
which ceramics can bond vs cant bond
can bond - glass infiltrated ceramic cant bond - non glass infiltrated
Upper canine erupting ahead of or alongside first premolar leads to..
canine forced labially, vampire fang
during lateral, what provide clearance for posterior teeth on balancing side
canines on working side and condyle on balancing side
HMO doctors are paid on what kind of plan?
capitation ( # of pts seen )
Drug used to tx. trigeminal neuralgia
carbamazepine
______________ study people with a condition are compared to people without it in the past come with with an
case control study odds ratio " how likely is alcohol associated with oral cancer
RISK FACTOR definition perio disease risk factors (4)
causally associated with the disease (smoking leads to periodontal disease) smoking, diabetes, pathogenic bacteria, microbial tooth deposits
erosion
caused by acidic foods/beverages or gastric acid
Why do you not place calcium hydroxide for pulpotomy?
causes irritation leading to root resorption in primary teeth
dental follicle gives rise to
cementoblasts → cementum osteoblasts → alveolar bone fibroblasts → PDL
ROOT RESORPTION during ortho what is going on?
cementum next to hyalinized PDL can undergo resorption
Fixed point that a force must pass through in order to move that object in a linear manner
center of resistance
______________________ provides retention for SSC
cervical bulge
is where IEE and OEE join forms extensions called HERS
cervical loop
What is the first thing you do when you get a crown back from the lab?
check Shade
prescription fluoride suppliments are only for
children at risk for caries who live in non fluoridated areas
put in most common to least Local aggressive periodontitis Chronic periodontitis General aggressive periodontitis refractory periodontitis
chronic > LAP>GAP> refractory
neurovascular pain AKA
chronic headaches
Pyogenic granuloma cyased by 2
chronic trauma or irritation
H2 antihistamine such as ______________________are used to reduce gastric acid
cimetidine
hawley retainer components /function
clasps - for retention acrylic on palate - control overbite labial bow - incisor position retention
which MILLER class gingival problem is best for regenerating recession
class 1 - with thick gingival biotype and wide band of keratinized tissue
Cusp - marginal ridge occlusion seen in
class 1 occ with worn teeth
Cusp - fosssa occlusion seen in
class 2 occ
Cleft lip/palate tend to be CLASS _______ occlusion - with ___
class 3 with deficient Maxilla
% of population that has class I normal occlusion class I malocclusion class II malocclusion class III malocclusion
class I normal occlusion (30-35%) class I malocclusion (50-55%) class II malocclusion (15%) class III malocclusion (1-5%)
behavioral learning neutral stimulus is associated with natural response
classical Conditioning (pavlovs dogs)
aim to isolate one factor to see how it affects pt's health (all other factors constant) random sampling random allocation blinding (single blind, double blind)
clinical trial
If second premolar is missing, what do you do for tx?
close spaces w/ extraction tx on other side to make symmetrical
simple fx
closed to oral cavity
intense pain near one eye
cluster
Measures fractional change in size per degree change in temperature
co efficient of thermal expansion CoTE
medical Qs you must ask when child comes in to clinic with dental trauma
coagulation disorders? tetanus coverage? rule out head injury:
The only LA that predictably produces vasoconstriction
cocaine
pain is a complex phenomenon involving ________ and ________
cognition emotion
coinsurance out of pocket maximum
coinsurance- percent of charge you pay out of pocket max= max you pay before insurance covers the rest
Overdose of morphine:
coma, miosis, respiratory depression
most cost effective and most practical preventive measure to prevent tooth decay
community water fluoridation
The mechanism of H1 antihistamine is
competitive antagonism
DEVELOPMENT is an increase in two things
complexity specialization
Different types of FORCE DECAY continuous interrupted intermittent
con- force stays constant (light wire) inter- force slowly goes to 0 (elastics) intermi- force abruptly goes to 0 (clear aligners)
Union of two adjacent teeth by cementum only
concrescence
vertical ramus osteotomy and NOT fixated in order to allow soft tissues to reposition condyle and disc into a better position
condylotomy
Hutchinson incisors and mulberry molars
congenital syphillis
Rotary > initial movement used in
conical- rooted teeth
Composite preps may be more _________________ than amalgam
conservative
zinc phosphate features
considered gold standard cement contains- phosphoric acid --irritate pulp = can cause post-cementation pulpal sensitivity powder (zinc oxide) and liquid (acid) → acid-base reaction → mix on chilled glass slab due to exothermic reaction cement does not have chemical bond to underlying tooth structure
sibilant or linguoalveolar sounds = s, z, sh ch, j
contact between tip of tongue and the anterior palate or lingual surface of the teeth help determine vertical length and overlap of anterior teeth whistling → too narrow arch form lisp where s becomes sh → too wide arch form
STAGES OF CHANGE begin to consider behavior change
contemplation
CHX has substantivity what is that?
continuous effect
cognitive appraisal of threat 4 factors that determine how we view stress
controllability familiarity predictability imminence
Statistical measure that represents the strength of relationship between two variables between what numbers? zero means?
correlation coefficient (r) between -1 and 1 0 means no linear relationship
Broad spectrum antibiotics enhance the of ...
coumarin anticoagulants because of the reduction of Vitamin K sources
how to clean critical semi critical non critical
critical- STERILE ( needle semi critical- minimum of high level DISINFECTION (sterile if heat stable) (mouth mirror non critical- DISINFECTION (BP cuff
SPAULDING CLASS SYSTEM critical semi critical non critical what do they TOUCH
critical- contacts sterile tissue or vascular system semi critical- contacts mucosa non crit- contacts skin
Eruptive movement begins on ____________________
crown completion
Comminuted fx
crushed into multiple fragments
what scaler is for SUBGINGIVAL calculus
curettes
Flossing
curve the floss into a C shape against the side of the tooth rub the floss gently up and down along the side of each tooth
Calcification of the crown begins at
cusp tips / incisal edge
The antipyretic action of salicylates is explained in party by
cutaneous vasodilation leading to increased heat loss = vasodilation
DMFS? DEFT? dmft?
decayed, missing and filled SURFACES decayed EXTRACTED and filled teeth dmft= Decayed, missing, and filled baby teeth
When digitalis is used in atrial fibrillation the therapeutic objective is to
decrease the rate of AV conduction
what wall defect is ideal for regenerating infrabony defect
deep and narrow 3 wall defect
MD deflects toward side that is stuck at maximum opening
deflection
________________ is an extra cusp, contains enamel, dentin, and pulp and called talon cusp in anterior teeth
dens evaginatus
__________________ is caused by invagination of IEE, caries can progress very quickly through tunnel
dens invaginatus (dens in dente)
what is the Sac that surrounds the enamel organ and dental papilla
dental follicle
Bud Stage: All primary teeth and perm molars rise from what layer?
dental lamina
bud stage components
dental plaquode condesning mesenchyme
PERSON most at risk for eye damage in dental office?
dentist
high plasma levels of LA may cause...
depression of inhibitory CNS
lingual plate indicates
depth of lingual vestibule less than 7mm Ken 1 perio teeth possible future EXT lingual tori
Allergic RXN to penicillin manifests as:
dermatitis, stomatitis, bronchoconstriction, and cardiovascular collapse
when you present treatment plan to pt, what should the order of desirability be?
descending *best option first
Analytical/observational studies purpose of this? includes what types of studies (4)
determine etiology of disease include: cross sectional studies case control studies prospective cohort study retrospective cohort study
MD deviates toward one side then returns back to midline at maximum opening
deviation
deep breathing, triggers physiological relaxation response ________________ breathing
diaphragmatic breathing
Mechanisms for coping with stress
diaphragmatic breathing progressive muscle relaxation guided imagery hypnosis rehersals Systematic desensitization/graded exposure Distraction Tell-show-do Rational response/reframing/cognitive coping
best drug for LA OD
diazepam
methods to make flush terminal plane become class 1
differential teeth shift and differential jaw growth
Damage during root formation stage of primary tooth leads to _______________ in perm tooth
dilaceration
This is an abnormal bed in root. usually due to traumatic injury to a primary tooth
dilaceration
comparing provisional fabrication methods indirect Vs direct
direct = in pt mouth more convenient, faster, more commonly used, requires more chairside time indirect = not in pt mouth better patient comfort avoid chemical/thermal irritation, might get a better marginal fit
Sulfonyl ureas cause insulin secretion by
direct stimulation of pancreatic beta cells
Descriptive/epidemiological studies quantifies _________________
disease status in community
scopolamine OD
disorient confuse hallucinate burn/dry mouth hyperthermia tx= phyostigmine
Scopolamine overdose:
disorientation, confusion, hallucination, burning dry mouth, hyperthermia
outliers affect : central tendency OR dispersion more?
dispersion
intrusion primary teeth are displaced in what direction
displaced to F of developing tooth
partial denture indications 4
distal extension long span bone loss around potential abutments bridge or implant is too expensive
HUMAN GROWTH CURVE: distance curve? velocity curve?
distance- tracks ACTUAL height velocity- tracks CHANGE in height
occlusal guard functions
distribute occlusal forces more evenly and relax musculature
most essential component of risk management?
documentation
Dermoid cyst
doughy consistency
FRAUD TERMS Code was changed to a LESS COMPLEX or lower cost procedure
downcoding Dentist does a 3 surface composite - the insurance changes it to a 1 surface composite
Which antibiotic is anti-microbial and anti-collagenlyctic? clindamycin, doxycycline , metronidazole, amoxicillin
doxycycline
Basal cell carcinoma
due to sun damage rarely metastisize least dangerous cancer
WHEN do we treat posterior crossbites in a child?
early IF FUNCTIONAL SHIFT *if no fxnal shift - we can tx later
Craniosynostosis what is it? what syndrome has it?
early closure of skull sutures CROUZON syndrome + Apert
when does EARLY mesial shift happen? when does LATE mesial shift happen?
early- 6 loss of primate space late - 12 loss of leeway space
Experimental studies determine?
effectiveness of a therapy
under 18 can give you consent if (2)
emancipated emergency situation
ability to understand and share feelings with another Acknowledge their concerns
empathy
This is abnormal mineralization resulting in white spots
enamel hypocalcification (failure in maturation stage)
failure in apposition stage can lead to
enamel hypoplasia dentin dysplasia enamel pearl (amelo impef 2/4)
what is the signaling center for the developing tooth
enamel knot
Cap stage components
enamel organ dental papilla dental follicle
adult mandible grows by what method / where ?
endochondral ossification -- condylar cartilage intramembranous ossification to remodel surfaces
SYSTEMIC factors that could affect Plaque induced gingival disease
endocrine changes (puberty, pregnancy, diabetes) blood dyscrasias ( leukemia)
provisional restoration is designed to
enhance esthetics and provide function for a limited period of time after which it is replaced by a definitive prosthesis
When neostigmine is administered before acteylcholine, the action of acetylcholine will be
enhanced prolonged
infrabuldge clasps requirements
enough vestibular depth no soft tissue undercut
generalized aggressive periodontitis involves what teeth
entire dentition
surgical management of tumors includes 3
enucleation, curettage, resection
surgical management of cysts includes 3
enucleation, marsupialization, curettage
3 Types of Mucoperiosteal Flaps
envelope three cornered trapezoidal
# of vertical releases for envelope three cornered trapezoidal
envelope - 0 three cornered - 1 vert release trapezoidal - 2 vert release
Graves disease makes the pt. most sensitive to the ____________________ in the LA
epinephrine
oncocyte is
epithelial cell with excessive number of mitochondria
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath disintegrate leaving what kind of cells?
epithelial rests of malassez
Denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia 2
epulis fissuratum - vestibule papillary hyperplasia - palat
This presents clinically as a bump on the crest of the alveolar ridge where a tooth should be.
eriuption cyst
Primary molar lost before age 7 --> ? primary molar lost after age 7 ---> ?
eruption of premolar is delayed eruption of premolar is accelerated
risk of malignant transford leukoplakia erythroleukoplakia erythroplakia
erythroleukoplakia > erythroplakia > leukoplakia
Blood cholinesterase levels are important for duration of ______________(amide or ester) LA
ester
Bones in cranial base? what kind of OSSIFICATION
ethmoid sphenoid Occipital ENDOCHONDRAL ossification (at synchondroses)
closest speaking space** =
evaluate vertical dimension during pronunciation of s sound, the interincisal separation (also between the premolars) should be 1 to 1.5mm
MAINTENANCE : what interval?
every THREE months (for 1st year)
PMMA provisional features
exothermic strong, easy to repair, irritate patient due to exothermic reaction
purpose of luxating the tooth (2)
expanssion of bone tearing of PDL
expert who has expertise in dentistry that testifies the breaching of STANDARD OF CARE
expert testimony
clinical crown lengthening (CCL): Is done for what reason? by what? Sx procedures
expose more tooth structure by lowering the bone (combining ostectomy with--- a gingivectomy or apically positioned flap)
Primary first molar w furcation involvement --> tx?
ext
what is guaging water
extra water needed to obtain a workable mix of material, does not chemically react with gypsum;
Extrusion If a primary tooth is extruded more than 3mm, what is the tx?
extract
avulsed primary tooth > 30 mins, what do you do?
extract and space maintenance as needed
Prelim phase -- what do we do?
extract hopeless teeth
Amphetamines have a high potential for abuse. Abuse causes...
extreme violence and paranoid psychotic behavior
First and most common reaction of pt DISCOMFORT
eye/eyebrow movement
AOT gender pref age pref
f>M age = teens
Nerve most damaged in TMJ surgery=
facial nerve CN7
arch length is measured how from mixed to perm does it get: bigger vs smaller
facial surface of incisors to the line that is mesial to the first molars DECREASES (bc of leeway loss)
(T/F) there is no treatment for Hep C
false *recently made one but is expensive
_________________ is a no tx dental visit with an emphasis on introducing the dental setting and common instruments
familiarization
Margin types and size
featheredge light chamfer 0.3- 0.5 heavy chamfer 1 - 1.5 shoulder 1-1.5
which cements are used for feldspathic and emax crowns
feldspathic - light cure resin cement (esthetics) emax - dual cure resin cement
PAYMENT PLANS (how dr gets paid) Fee for service Capitation plan (HMO)
ffs: dentist paid per procedure (most common way) HMO: dentist paid flat fee for each person seen - cap on how dentist is paid value of service> payment = dentist lose paymetn > value of service = dentist gain
chronic gingivitis leads to?
fibrosis
what is COADHESION ? as biofilm matures shift from __________ to __________ bacteria
firmly attached primary colonizers provide new receptors for attachment of other bacteria facultative gram POS -> anaerobic gram NEG
Most space closure occurs within_____ after tooth loss?
first 6 months
what do they look at in BIOLOGIC age?
first menstruation facial hair
Localized agressive perio involves which teeth
first permanent molars and permanent incisors
how does BIOFILM get nutrients? communication between bacteria in biofilm that encourage the growth of beneficial species and discourage growth of competing species
fluid channels Quorum sensing
FLUORIDE SUPPLEMENT CHART Rule of 6 - NO SUPPLEMENT if:
fluoride lvl >0.6ppm pt < 6 months pt >16 yo
Nance which arch main fxn uses
for MX Holds Mx perm 1st molars from moving forward used for Space maintainer or anchorage
Diphenhydramine (H1 antihistamine)
for controlling symptoms of Parkinson
Kurols Rule what is it?
for determination if canine will errupt or impact canine NOT past midline of lateral 91% will errupt canine PAST midline of lateral 64% will errupt
strip crowns indication is a good choice if (2)
for primary incisors with proximal caries that approximate or involves incisal edge. They are a good choice if adequate tooth remaining for bonding and if esthetics is of primary importance
___________________ is applied for 5 mins in pulpotomy
formocresol
reduction what is it types 2
fracture fragments are returned to their normal position open reduction closed reduction
5 types of mucogingival Sx
free gingival graft connective tissue graft frenectomy frenotomy vestibuloplasty
free gingival graft is used to connective tissue graft is used to
free gingival graft is used to widen band of keratinized tissue/promote growth of keratinized tissue*** (happens below the gingival margin) connective tissue graft is Used for root coverage (happens above the gingival margin)
demarcates the free gingiva (not bound) from the attached gingiva (bound)
free gingival groove
The major effect of the drug is produced by the amount of the drug that is
free in plasma
frenectomy frenotomy vestibuloplasty
frenectomy --- complete removal of frenum frenotomy --- incision of frenum vestibuloplasty -- deepen the vestibule
light force from ortho causes ________________ resorption heavy force?
frontal "direct" undermining "indirect"
furcation plasty 2. tunneling 3. root amputation/root resection 4. hemisection
furcation plasty - open up furcation (moves it up) tunneling- remove bone and move tissues apically to purposely create furc class 4 to facilitate cleanliness root amputation- cut one of the roots off and root area is smoothed and endo therapy is done to leave area for hygiene hemisection - cutting a molar in half and retaining the molar as two premolars; endo therapy is done
anxious patients will want you to be: closer vs further
further
Functional Appliances -- fxn to______ include (5)
fxn to advance the mandible forward • Bionator • Activator • Herbst appliance • Twin block appliance • MARA
intestinal polyp osteoma supernumerary teeth odontomas
gardner syndrome
SE of corticosteriods or glucosteriods
gastric ulcers, immunosupression, acute adrenal insufficiency, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, redistribution of body fat
gem vs fuse
gem = 1 bud > 2 teeth / share canal normal tooth count fuse - 2 bud > 1 tooth / sep canals / one less tooth count
risk determinants of perio disease (4) and why
genetic factors - periodontitis may be heritable, polymorphisms in IL-1 genes may contribute to severe chronic periodontitis age - due to prolonged exposure to etiologic factors gender - males have more CAL than females socioeconomic status - decreased dental awareness, frequency of dental visits, and more smoking
Treacher Collins Syndrome is caused by
genetic mutation in neural crest cells that affects development of facial bones and tissues
regional odontodysplasia clinical present which teeth
ghost teeth** quadrant of teeth exhibit short roots, open apices and enlarged pulp chambers
split or partial thickness flap (mucosal) layers included in flap used for
gingiva/mucosa, submucosa used for mucogingival surgery --because exposing the bone is unnecessary
full thickness flap (mucoperiosteal) layers included in flap used for
gingiva/mucosa, submucosa, periosteum osseous surgery and periodontal regeneration to permit primary closure as well as in apically repositioned flaps
Most common area of failure of composite restorations are at...
gingival margin
2 types of gingival surgery
gingivectomy gingivoplasty
gingivectomy is ? for what purpose gingivoplasty is ? for what purpose
gingivectomy- excision of gingiva to eliminate suprabony pockets or gingival enlargements gingivoplasty excision of gingiva to reshape tissue deformities
Average peak growth: girls boys?
girls- 12 boys 14
what 4 processes sterilize?
glutaraldehyde pressure sterrilize/ autoclave Dry heat steralize ethylene oxide
Pellicle consists of serve as
glycoproteins proline rich proteins serve as attachment sites for bac
what material has CoTE most similar to tooth
gold
cingulum rest benefits 3
good distribution of occlusal load, esthetics, strength from closeness to major connector
granular cell tumor cells have
granular cytoplasm
fracture that is not all the way through the bone
greenstick fx
Most frequent cause of interdental space
growth of dental arches
sympatholytics
guanathiadine resperine clonidine methyldopa
action of guanathiadine resperine clonidine methyldopa
guanathiadine (-) NE release resperine depletes NE store clonidine A2 agonist CSN - blocks SNS methyldopa -
decrease in response that occurs as a result of repeated or prolonged exposure to a conditioned stimulus
habituation
situations that have a poor prognosis for a bridge (5)
half or less bone support around an abutment tooth single retainer =cantilever multiple-splinted abutment teeth nonrigid connectors intermediate abutments = pier → abutment tooth when pontics are on either side of it and no other adjacent abutments
removable retainers include
hawley retainer upper hawley retainer lower vaccum formed retainer
soft tissue impact
height of contour is above bone level and gingiva is completely or partially covering tooth, easiest to ext tooth
partial bony impact
height of contour is below bone level
Localized macrodontia can be seen in...
hemifacial hyperplasia
___________________ stimulates odontoblasts to secrete radicular dentin (root dentin)
hertwig's epithelial root sheath
PFM alloy desirable characteristics
high yeild strength high modulus of elasticity (stiff casting accuracy corrosion resisst coeff of thermal sslightly higher than porca
desireable mechanical props
high yield strength - does not permanently deform high elastic modulus - does not flex casting accuracy - gold is more accurate than base metal CTE close to that of the tooth biologic compatibility - Ni and Be allergies corrosion resistance minimal wear of opposing dentition
The test is highly sensitive when -- The test is highly specific when --
highly sensitive when -- there is a lot of TP and very little or no FN highly specific when -- there is a lot of TN and very little or no FP
2 things that happen in bell stage
histodiff morphodiff
Parathyroid
hormone that acts to elevate blood concentration of ionic calcium
MX MC what to use if there are ant teeth that need to be replace
horseshoe co,plete palate AP strap
quenching:
hot cast metal placed in cool water to make more malleable for finishing
polyether features 3 pour time
hydrophillic prone to imbition very stiff 60m pour
5 pontic types
hygenic /sannitary saddle /ridge lap conical modified ridge lap ovate
where do you use hygenic /sannitary saddle /ridge lap conical modified ridge lap ovate
hygenic /sannitary - post MD saddle /ridge lap - NEVER USE conical - molars modified ridge lap - mostly anterior ovate - only anterior
hyperbaric oxygen should be used for
hyperbaric oxygen before (and after) extraction Is beneficial for pts at risk ORNJ (had radiation / then EXT
concrescence is linked to....
hypercementosis and can interfere with eruption and extraction
epulis fissuratum
hyperplastic tissue reaction caused by an ill-fitting or overextended flange usually seen in the vestibule
Distraction as a stress management tactic is NOT EFFECTIVE for which patient type
hypervigilant anxious patient
Damage during calcification stage of primary tooth leads to _________________ in perm teeth
hypocalcification
Damage during apposition stage of primary tooth leads to ____________ in perm teeth
hypoplasia
The locus of action of aspirins central antipyretic effect is the
hypothalamus
Polysulfide rubber 2 features pour time
hyrdophobic prone to syneresis 30-45m to pour
acrylic liquid contents
hyroquinone - inhibitor glycol dimethacrylate - cross link agent di methyl p toulidine - activator
ideal overbite is ideal overjet is ideal occlusion is
ideal overbite is 10-20% ideal overjet is 1-3mm ideal occlusion is class I
Oro-Antral Communication (OAC) (sinus expose) TX
if <2mm do nothing, 2-6mm 4As (antibiotic , anelgesic, anti histamine, afrin nassal spray) and figure-eight suture, >6mm flap surgery
When do you extract primary tooth that suffered crown fracture involving enamel, dentin, and pulp
if pathologic root resorption is present
Classical conditionin Classical extinction can occur if
if the link between the conditioned stimulus and conditioned reaction is discontinued
HEAVY FORCE pain? blood flow? when does tooth move?
immediate pain blood flow OCCLUDED -> sterile necrosis 7-14 days
implant body AKA
implant fixture
Minors younger than 18 can give _____________ consent or ___________ but not ACTUAL consent
implied consent (informal agreement) assent (formal agreement)
WHEN should we splint?
improve pt comfort and function by stabilizing -- EXCESSIVELY mobile teeth
what is the primary reason for tooth impacted
inadequate arch length
what can you CALCULATE with cohort studies? ___________ and ______________
incidence relative risk
Incisal guidance
incisal edges of lower incisors against lingual slopes of upper incisors represented by pin and guide table on articulator
During protrusive what provides clearance for all post teeth
incisal guidance condylar guid
which rest is used as an indirect retainer
incisal rest
Eruption cysts are most common in children around what tooth? (2)
incisors and mand first molars
who is CHIP for?
income too high for MEDICAID but too low for private insurance
CR reccord provides ability to
increase or decrease the VDO more accurately in the articulator by establishing a radius of the mandible's arc of closure
Anti-arrhythmic drugs MOA
increase refractory period of muscle
how does LENGTH of wire affect: Strength range stiffness
increase: range dec: strength + stiffness
Localized agressive perio what bac is increased more commin in what pop
increased AA counts most common in AA children
Down syndrome increase risk of: caries vs periodontal disease
increased periodontal disease risk no increased caries risk
severe overjet risks 2 tx 2
increased trauma risk / psychosocial concern 2x4 or headgear
Thiazide diuretics
increases renal excretion of Na and Cl Increases renal excretion of K Increases toxicity to digitalis Causes hypokalemia Causes hyperglycemia
Vestibuloplasty
increases the height of the alveolar process by apically positioning the alveolar mucosa and underlying M attachments
how does DIAMETER of wire affect: Strength range stiffness
increases: strength + stiff dec: Range
which MMR is independent of teeth dependent of teeth
independ= CR depend = MI
PMMA for provisionals - used direct or indirect
indirect
ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION infectious agent indirect contact? parenteral contact?
indirect- fomite (door, clothes) parenteral- needle stick
most cancers manifest as
indurated ulcers that are not painful non-healing
Knee to knee exam is for what patients?
infants < 2 years old childs head in dentists lap
Non plaque induced gingi disease can be caused by
infections allergy trauma
GINGIVAL INDEX what does it measure? surfaces? teeth? 0 ? 1 ? 2? 3?
inflammation of teeth 4 surfaces(M,D,F,L) 6 teeth 0- normal 1- mild inflammation 2. moderate 3. severe inflammation, spontaneous bleeding
BIGGEST RISK of mercury if it spills what do you do?
inhalation special vacuum + sulfur powder)
Ghon complex
inhaled bacteria surrounded in a granuloma that undergoes caseating necrosis + infected hilar lymph node draining the first lesion)
NSAID-Bleeding effects
inhibit synthesis of thromboxane A2 preventing platelet synthesis
Initial adhesion of bac is due to firm attachment of bac is due to
initial adhesion is due to weak reversible van der waals and electrostatic forces firm attachment is due to strong irreversible interactions between specific bacterial adhesin molecules and host pellicle receptors
Stages of tooth development
initiation bud stage cap stage / proliferation bell stage /histo/ morphoddiferentiation apposition maturation
Stages of tooth development with time they start
initiation - 6w in utero bud stage - 8 w in utero cap stage / proliferation - 9w in utero bell stage- 11w in utero apposition - 14 w in utero maturation - 14 w in utero
Good samaritan act provides LEGAL protection who provide "reasonable assistance" to WHO?
injured Ill In peril Incapacitated
what is is traumatic neuroma caused by
injury to nerve
Conditions that must be met to leave a retained root tip under a denture
intact lamina dura no radiolucency
space between the primary incisors
interdental space
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim are synergistic bacteriostatic agents because in bacteria they...
interfere sequentially with folinic acid production
MOA with of Chlortetracycline
interferes with protein synthesis on bacterial but not mammalian ribosomes 30s (selectively toxic)
Barbs are CI in a pt. with
intermittent porphyria
using titanium bone plates to hold bone together
internal fixation
3 horozontal incisions used in full thickness flaps
internal or reverse bevel incision sulcular or crevicular interdental or interproximal
internal or reverse bevel incision sulcular or crevicular interdental or interproximal
internal or reverse bevel incision -- about 1mm from the gingival margin, removes pocket lining yet conserves outer gingiva sulcular or crevicular-- through base of pocket to alveolar crest interdental or interproximal: -- removes the collar of tissue around the tooth you created with the first two incisions
Direct pulp cap may cause...
internal root resorption in primary teeth
flat architecture: interproximal and radicular bone are ---
interproximal and radicular bone are at the same height
negative architecture: interproximal bone is --- to radicular bone
interproximal bone is apical to radicular bone
Positive architecture interproximal bone is --- to radicular bone
interproximal bone is coronal to radicular bone, normal ideal alveolar bone morphology
What type of gowth does the MX use ? GROWTH of maxilla occurs where 2 how does this translate the maxilla?
intramembranous at the sutures posterior and superior to the Mx Down + forward
dentinogenesis imperfecta what is it what teeth effected clinical present
intrinsic alteration of dentin; genetic disturbance during the bell stage during histodifferentiation all teeth from both dentitions are affected short roots, bell-shaped crowns, obliterated pulps bulbous crowns in radiographs due to constricted DEJ blue sclera**
amelogenesis imperfecta what is it what teeth effected clinical present
intrinsic alteration of enamel; genetic disturbance during the bell stage all teeth from both dentitions are affected thin to no enamel, but dentin and pulp are normal yellow-brown abnormal enamel
AIRBORNE PARTICLES *AEROSOLS*: visible vs non? bigger or smaller than 50um? airtime? can carry what pathogens?
invisible less than 50um float in air for hours only respiratory infections
another name for alginate
irreversible hydrocolloid
Organophosphates and insecticides
irreversibly inhibit cholinesterase Enzyme to generate organophosphate toxicity = Pralidoxime
Alveolar Osteitis ( dry socket) Tx
irrigation and local pain control, and pack a paste containing eugenol
IV injection of benzodiazepine can cause
irritation such as thrombophlebitis due to the solvent the BDZ is dissolved in
common area for root amputation
is distobuccal root for maxillary first molar
differential teeth shift early mesial shift late mesial shift
is the early mesial shift of first molars to close primate space -- at around age 6 late mesial shift of second molars to close leeway space ----at around age 12
facebow objective
is to duplicate on the articulator the relationship of maxillary arch to the skull and the mandible to the rotational center of the TMJs of pt
free gingival graft A "free" graft is ?
is transplanted without a nourishing blood supply so it must undergo revascularization from the recipient bed
list adrenergic agonists
isoproterenol NE EPI phenylphrine oxymetazoline dobutamine albuterol
Receptors they activate isoproterenol NE EPI phenylphrine oxymetazoline dobutamine albuterol
isoproterenol -- all B NE - all A + B1 EPI - All A + B phenylphrine - A1 oxymetazoline - A1 dobutamine - B1 albuterol - B2
butterfly line
junction between hard and soft palate anterior boundary of posterior palatal seal
never SLANDER another dentist what Principle?
justice
primary Sjogren's syndrome features (2
keratoconjunctivits sicca (dry eyes) and xerostomia (dry mouth)
seccondary Sjogren's syndrome features
keratoconjunctivits sicca (dry eyes) and xerostomia (dry mouth) plus another autoimmune disease ---usually RA
how as dentist do we make sure we do NONMALEFICENCE primum non nocere- "first do no harm"
knowledge up to date refer difficult cases
order MC to least of frenum most lilely needing frenectomy
labial > buccal > lingual
Most common cause of inadequate attached gingiva is...
lablial eruption path
When is leeway space lost? what causes the loss
late at 11-12 years of age with the exfoliation of primary 2nd molars (E's) and eruption of permanent 2nd molars
what is LATE LOWER INCISOR CROWDING due to?
late mandibular growth resulting in lower lip pressure -> teeth move lingual
Images used for tx planning orthognathic Sx
lateral ceph
_________________ --> due to early exfoliation of primary lateral, extract contralateral primary lateral asap to avoid midline deviation
lateral ectopic eruption of incisors
4 ways that ultrasonics clean the perio pocket
lavage-- flush with water cavitation-- vacuum air bubbles collapse and release energy to flush debris vibration:-- mechanically removes deposits and debris acoustic turbulence-- agitation observed in fluids by mechanical vibrations that disrupts bacterial cell walls
Angiotensin 2
leads to vasoconstriction and an increase in BP
curve of spee and wilson
less
what angle should be formed at finish line jxn
less than 90
WATER LINES EPA requires <_____ CFU of heterotrophic bacteria per mL of water
less than or = 500 Colony forming units / ml of H20
whickem striae seen in
lichen planus lupus erythmatous
limit movement of the mandible
ligaments
which is more stable -- LC resin cement or dual cure why
light cure cement is more color stable than dual cure or chemical cure cement; dual cure cement undergoes decomposition of its benzoyl cement by a tertiary cement which causes color staining and discoloration
exploratory stroke
light feeling stroke used with probes/explorers
root planing stroke ultrasonic stroke
light to moderate pull stroke used for final smoothing light intermittent strokes with tip parallel to tooth surface and in constant motion
what does miller class (recession) determine which ones can be fixed?
likelihood of root coverage 1 100% 2 100% 3 partial 4 none
Modulation
limitation of flow of pain information
Vibrating line location
line from hamular notch to hamular notch 2mm away from fovea palatini
TOOTH BUDS are _______________ and apical to the primary teeth which side do they erupt on?
lingual lingual (except upper centrals)
what is the preffered Md MC
lingual bar
posterior crossbite types which is more common
lingual crossbite -- maxillary posterior teeth are lingual to mandibular teeth buccal crossbite --- maxillary posterior teeth are buccal to mandibular teeth Lingual more common
__________________ --> double row of teeth, will resolve on their own unless over-retained primary incisors
lingual ectopic eruption of incisors
The penetration of LA into the nervous system is based on
lipid solubility of the unionized form
what cases do we use ABX for periodontitis?
local + aggressive refractory periodontitis
Furosemide
loop acting/high ceiling/ ethacrynic acid toxicity with ototoxicity/deafness
Lower second molar erupting ahead of second premolar leads to... prevent ia
loss of leeway space for second molar and may result in its impaction use space maintainer to hold molars back
abrasion:
loss of tooth structure by mechanical wear (tooth-brushing)
abfraction:
loss of tooth structure in cervical areas due to tooth flexure (can b byproduct from above)
Type I gypsum features 3
low expansion weak sets quick
ETHYLENE OXIDE temp? what can it sterilize? requires lengthy _________
low temps can penetrate prepackaged items (PSP plates) lengthy aeration
what appliance do you use for early primary canine loss
lower lingual holding arch OR nance holding arch from perm first molars
CT timors manifest as
lumps/ bumps
what tissue grows 200% of what it will be in adulthood by age 10
lymphoid
what immune cells arrive next
macrophages
vibration pattern of magnetostricitive Piezoelectric :
magnetostricitive - eliptical pattern Piezoelectric - linear
2 types of ultrasonic scalers
magnetostrictive piezoelectric
STAGES OF CHANGE attempts to maintain a changed behavior
maintenance
Type 2 gypsum used for
make casts that we can fabricate mouth guards and essix retainers from
investing
making a "negative" by covering the wax and spru with investment material
waxing
making a "positive" of the object that you eventually want to make → building the crown via wax on the die
spruing
making a path with wax for metal to go into the prosthesis as it is being casted
dental trauma occurs more in female or male
male
oral melanoma is 5 yr survive of skin vs oral lesion
malignancy of melanocytes skin lesions is greater than 65%, less than 20% for oral lesions
Most common primary teeth to erupt in natal/neonatal teeth are....
mand incisors
Distal eruption is more common in which premolar?
mand second premolar,
Treacher Collins Syndrome aka?
mandibulofacial dysostosis
Material Data sheet made by who? what does it tell you
manufacturer Manual made by the manufacturer that details the hazards of particular chemicals, how to deal with spills,
1st thing you should do when biopsy
mark the lesion
how can you be EMANCIPATED?
married parent/pregnant Military
opaque porca fxn 2
masks the dark oxide color provides the porca - metal bond
what immune cell arrives after macrophage
mast cells
soft white CHEESE LIKE unorganized accumulation of bacteria, salivary proteins, epithelial cells, and food
material alba
Primary max 2nd molar resembles what perm tooth?
max 1st molar - only primary tooth w/ cusp of carabelli, oblique ridge, and DL groove
Ugly duckling stage precedes eruption of what teeth? (between ages 7-11)
max canines
Primary max 1st molar resembles what perm tooth?
max first premolar
Most common teeth with concrescence
max molars
How much leeway space on each side of MX MD
max: 1.5mm each side = 3mm total mand: 2.5 mm each side = 5 mm total
ectopic eruption of molars more common in mand or max?
maxilla
measures of central tendency (3)
mean - the avg median - the middle mode - most freq
ganglionic blockers that block NR
mecamylamine hexamethonium
The most resistant part of the CNS
medulla oblongata
burnout:
melt out the wax positive to leave room for the metal to take its place
casting:
melting metal into the investment
implant should be 5mm away from
mental nerve
which LA does not have epi in it
mepivicain
Mesial step distal step flush which is most common to least
mesial (49%) > flush (36%) > distal
arch perimeter is measured how mixed -> perm?
mesial line of first molar to the mesial of the contralateral first molar maxillary- increase mand- dec
Most common supernumerary teeth
mesiodens (palatally positioned usually) - may block normal eruption of perm teeth
PFM space requiremnts for metal procalain
metal - 0.5m porca - 1-1.5m
coeff of thermal expansion of metal should be what compared to porca why
metal should be slightly more than porca because places porca in slight compression when cooled
Acetaminophen may cause _____________________________ at high doses
methemoglobinemia
failure in bell stage morpho diff can lead to
micro or macrodontia taurodontism den indente/evaginatus dilaceration
initiating factor of perio disease
microbial plaque
Pierre Robin SEQUENCE mandible? tongue? palate?
micrognathia glossoptosis (backward displacement of tongue) cleft PALATE
3 types of chronic headaches
migrane tension type cluster type
retentive clasp originates from
minor connector and rest
palatal strap indicate
missing post teeth / not DE (Ken 3)
Gypsum mix time set time
mix - 20 second vacuum mix or 30 second hand spatulate set - 45-60 minutes
glass ionomer
mixing powder and liquid → acid-base reaction adheres to enamel and dentin (weak chelation bond to tooth structure) releases fluoride; recharges itself by sucking up fluoride → prevent recurrent caries
what causes _______ during ortho: MOBILITY ? PAIN? INFLAMMATION?
mobility: PDL temporarily widened pain- PDL necrosing + remodeling infl- poor oral hygiene
types of full thickness flaps (2)
modified widman flap: apically repositioned flap:
MOA of Benzodiazepine
modulates the activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA
how does autoclave kill bacteria?
moist heat denatures bacteria PROTEIN
ankylosed primary molar are more common in MX or MD ? 1st primary mo or 2nd primary mo ? what is the most common ankylosed tooth
more common in mandible 2nd primary mo - more comm 2nd MD primary mo - most comm
pros and cons of cement retined implant
more economical allows for minor angle correction easier to use in small teeth requires more chair time XS cement > peri-implantitis
porcelain denture teeth benefit
more esthetic because more stain and wear resistant
higher modulus elasticity =
more rigid/stiff
Lingual Bonded Retainer Indications (2)
more than 2mm forward repositioning of lower incisors or large diastema closure of upper incisors
severe crowding is how much what is the tx
more than 8mm crowding tx= serial EXT ( C-D-4
Second part of bell stage is __________________
morphodifferentiation - shape and size of eventual crown is determined during this process
alcohol
most commonly used antiseptic, denaturation of proteins
resin modified glass ionomer
most commonly used cement higher strength and lower solubility than GI → comes from addition of resin not to be used with all-ceramic crowns due to expansion from water absorption ---(exception to this rule is zirconia)
resin
most compressive strength bonds to dentin light cure, chemical cure, or dual cure varieties
Anatomy of primary mand 1st molar (6
most distinct M-F cervical ridge - CEJ dips more on mesial half --> S shaped cervical ridge - distal triangular fossa - ML cusp is highest and sharpest - MB cusp is largest - 4 cusps, 4 pulp horns
Forcep movements Outward (buccal/labial) > initial movement for
most permanent teeth
Inward (lingual/palatal) > initial movement for
most primary teeth
Primary max 1st molar
most prominent M-F cervical ridge of maxillary primary teeth CEJ dips more on mesial half
T denticola motile vs non gram?
motile Gram NEG SPIROCHETE penetrates epithelium + CT
person centered counseling style to assist in the resolution from AMBIVALENCE to CHANGE ____________________ (OARS)
motivational interviewing
junction between the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa (not bound)
mucogingival junction:
Hurler and Hunter syndrome aka? build up of? why?
mucopolysaccharidosis Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) due to enzyme deficiency
acute mercury toxicity SYMPTOMS?
muscle weakness (hypotonia) loss of hair weight loss/GI problems Exhaustion
Cardiovascular collapse elicited by a high circulating dose of LA may be caused by....
myocardial depression
Odontogenic myxoma AKA
myxofibroma
furcation is usually measured with what instrument
nabers probe ( increments of 3mm)
Which antibiotics are the least likely to cause a superinfection?
narrow spectrum such as penicillin
Which branch provides loan repayment for health professionals who work in underserved communities?
national health service corps
Most common complication of NO for children
nausea
Furcation radiolucency is a sign of ________________ for a primary pulp
necrosis
non comp - reverse - inhibitors of ach esterase
neostigmine phyostigmine edrophonium
what is the most common post op complication of BSSO
nerve damage
ectomesenchyme is derrived from
neural crest (ectoderm
Hemifacial microsomia loss of _________ during migration (utero) what is DEFICIENT on affected side
neural crest cells 1. Ear 2. Mandibular ramus
if you have SUPPURATION what cells would you have high # of?
neutrophils
what immune cells are the first line of defense for gingival bac /disease
neutrophils
Gingivitis name the order each cell comes in: T cells, B cells, Neutrophils
neuts T B
do stains contribute to gingival inflammation
no
do you need AB for Alveolar Osteitis ( dry socket)
no
is old age a contradiction for implant placement
no
is releif req for tissue stop
no
Space maintenance is not necessary if ___________________ between primary and perm tooth
no bone remaining
addition silicone (PVS) features pour time
no byproducts best fine detail, Best elastic recovery, Best dimensional stability pour 60+ hours due to how stable it is expensive; inhibited by the sulfur in latex gloves and rubber dam**
LIGHT FORCE pain? blood flow? when does tooth move?
no pain altered blood flow 3-5 days
Tx If there is a root fracture at apical half of primary tooth? if coronal half?
no tx rigid splint or ext for coronal half fracture
Tx for intrusion of primary teeth
no tx, hope to spontaneously re-erupt
HEREDITARY GINGIVAL FIBROMATOSIS characteristics (2)
non hemorrhagic firm
A Actinomycetemcomitans motile vs non gram? capnophilic? _________ kills human neuts, monocytes, lymphocytes (toxic to leukocytes) LPS or No LPS protease that cleaves Ig______
non motile Gram NEG rod Capnophilic- grows in CO2 well Leukotoxin all Gram neg have LPS IgG
P gingivalis motile vs non gram? capsule or non ___________ protease that cleaves host protein hemolysin
non motile gram neg ROD capsule GINGIPAIN- protease
PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS non-specific specific ecological
non specific: more plaque = more disease specific= specific bugs cause disease ecological= bacteria AND host factors change environment to favor pathogenic bacteria
Continuous, automatic, and informative
non verbal comm
Propranolol
non-selective B-Blockers No reflex tachycardia Decrease CO Inhib renin. Prevents angina pectoris Decreases O2 demand
what causes trisomy 21? characterstics
nondisjunction of chromosome - leading to extra chrom 21 MIDFACE deficiency (opposite treacher) upslanted eyes (opposite treacher)
only ________________(ionized or nonionized) form of LA can penetrate tissues
nonionzied
risk indicator definition
not causally associated with the disease (stress, osteoporosis may influence periodontal disease)
Tx for eruption cyst
nothing usually simple excision if symptomatic
in informed consent what must we tell the patient?
nsture of procedure risk benefits alternative
hypothesis that researcher tries to DISPROVE or REJECT
null hypothesis (H0)
behavioral learning learning occurs thru watching and imitating others
observational learning
sealants is best for what surface?
occlusal *worst place for fluoride
occ therapy includes (2)
occlusal adjustment (coronoplasty) interocclusal appliance (bite guard)
attrition:
occlusal wear from functional contacts with opposing teeth (bruxism)
shape of occlusal rest cingulum rest incisal rest
occlusal- rounded, semi-circular outline form (spoon-shaped) cingulum- inverted U or V shape incisal rest - rounded notch at incisal angle
Adverse or toxic effects of NSAIDS
occult bleeding from GI tract, tinnitus, nausea and vomiting, acid-base disturbance or metabolic acidosis, decreased tubular reabsorption of uric acid, salicylism,delirium, hyperventilation
statute of limitations starts to run after the injury of malpractice OCCURRED ____________ rule
occurrence rule
In internal root resorption, the ____________________ layer in pulp is damaged In external root resorption, the ___________________ layer in PDL is damaged
odontoblastic cementoblastic
dental papilla gives rise to
odontoblasts → dentin central cells → pulp
Apposition: _____________ deposit dentin matrix (collagen) --> _______________ deposit enamel matrix (amelogenin) ---> _______________ is where IEE and OEE join (Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) and epithelial rests of malassez
odontoblasts, ameloblasts, cervical loop
all malignant salivary gland tumors most commonly occur where
on the palate
SCC caused by 2 5yr survive
oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes 50%
Enamel pearls are seen in what teeth?
only in molars
primary teeth with --open or close apices-- are more likely to remain vital after concussion/subluxation trauma?
open
minor connectors that join denture base 2
open lattis mesh
Mandible fractures are ideally treated with
open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)
compound fx
open to oral cavity bone exposed through mucosa
what is open panel? closed panel?
open: dentist can see any patient closed: dentist contracted can ONLY SEE patients who are part of the member care organization (eg cigna)
Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment __________________ conditioning
operant
response is increased or decreased due to reinforcement or punishment
operant conditioning
non comp - non reverse - inhibitors of ach esterase
organophosphate nerve gas
what is PHASE 1 treatment?
ortho treatment during MIXED dentition stage
what is used To correct severe skeletal discrepancies
orthognathic Sx
types of osseos sx (3)
ostectomy osteotomy clinical crown lengthen
ways that bone grafts work osteoCONDUCTIVE osteoINDUCTIVE osteoGENIC
osteoCONDUCTIVE- scaffold osteoINDUCTIVE- turn neighboring progenitor cells -> osteoblasts osteoGENIC- make bone
what properties does ALLOGRAFT have?
osteoinductive osteoconductive osteogenic This is why it is the best type of bone graft
Clinical present of ankylosed primary molar
out of occlusion no mobile hollow sound no PDL
FRAUD TERMS charging more than legally or ethically acceptible
overbilling
of you have an CLOSED mandibular growth rotation how is the bite? face height?
overbite short face
combination syndrome clinical display 4
overgrowth of tuberosities - fibrous pendulous tuberosities papillary hyperplasia in hard palate extrusion of lower anterior teeth loss of bone under the partial denture bases
Procaine is a...
p-aminobenzoic acid ester
ultrasonic is contraindicated for patients
pacemaker the have infectious disease spread by aerosol are at risk of respiratory disease
order sensation dissapear
pain temp touch press
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis clinical present
pain / possible fever necrotic tiss / fetid breath pseudomembrane on marginal gingiva gingivitis = bleeding inflamed gums and blunted papillae
Transmission
pain information travels from CNS to thalamus and higher cortical centers
Transduction=
pain information travels from PNS to CNS
Therapeutic effects of aspirin include:
pain relief, antipyretic effects, antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory effects
Phase 1 posterior crossbite tx and appliances
palatal expansion (Quad Helix, Haas, Hyrax)
MX MC what to use if there are perio teeth
palatal strap complete palat
hrseshoe indicate
palatal torus few ant teeth missing
most common donor site for both FGG and CTG
palate
HSV primary infect location
pan-oral location (occurs anywhere in and or around the mouth)
wart in mucosa =
papilloma
gingival gibers adjacent implant orient in what direction
parallel with implant
repeating what you hear is called?
paraphrasing
Controlled tipping how does it differ from uncontrolled? ideal force?
partially tipped + partially translated 75g
Localized microdontia can be seen in isolated instances and are common in what teeth?
peg shaped max lateral
FIRST thing that forms in the PLAQUE cascade? how long does it take to form
pellicle formation SECONDS
Probenecid alters the rate of renal clearance of
penicillin
how often to change mask? gowns?
per pt per day
WW indications
perio teeth endo teeth
additive sx (4)
periodontal regeneration, FGG CTG, coronally advanced flap
primary mand 2nd molar resembles what perm tooth?
perm mand 1st molar
Most common tooth affected by dens in dente
perm max lateral
normal process of resorption when perm tooth erupts underneath primary tooth
physiologic root resorption
direct acting M R agonists
pilocarpine methacholine
Indications for direct pulp cap in primary tooth
pinpoint pulp exposure after traumatic exposure <24 hrs - carious or mechanical exposure < 2mm
gingivitis in children is induced by...
plaque
phase 1 - NON SURGICAL: what do we do?
plaque/caries control patient education prophy,srp Correct restorative irritation factors loca/systemic abx periodontal re-eval
Esters are metabolized in the...
plasma (by esterases_
B cells become __________ cells and make ___________ T helper cells (_______) help in ___________ T cytotoxic cells (CD8) kill what?
plasma cells -> antibodies CD4-> communication intracellular antigens
NON-AQUEOUS ELASTOMERS consist of (4)
polysulfide rubber condensation silicone addition silicone (PVS) polyether
Reimplantation of primary tooth during avulsion has ___________ prognosis
poor
HOW DO YOU GET THESE STAINS: orange brown BLACK lines on cervical 1/3rd bluish-green
poor OH- orange dark color beverage- brown consumption of iron- BLACK lines on cervical 1/3rd metallic dust from work -bluish-green
Centric relation
position in which condyles articulate with the thinnest avascular portion of their respective discs in the most anterior-superior position against the articular eminences
vibrating line is
posterior boundary of posterior palatal seal)
zinc polycarboxylate fet 3
powder base with liquid acid → acid-base reaction has weak chelation bond to tooth (not to restoration) chemically bonds to tooth structure with minimal pulpal irritation
adrenergic antagonists
prazosin chlorpromazine metoprolol atenolol propanolol cervedilol phentolamine phenoxybenzamine
Receptors they block prazosin chlorpromazine metoprolol atenolol propanolol cervedilol phentolamine phenoxybenzamine
prazosin - A1 chlorpromazine - A1 + D2 metoprolol - B1 atenolol - B1 propanolol - all B cervedilol - all B + A1 phentolamine - all A phenoxybenzamine - all A
STAGES OF CHANGE not considering behavior change
precontemplation
making a behavior that has higher chance of happening that is linked to behavior that is not likely of happening bedtime story linked to flossing
premack principle
premium copayment deductible
premium- monthly amount you pay copay- predetermined rate you pay at time of care deductible- what you pay before insurance kicks in
Promethazine (H1 antihistamine)
preoperative medication for sedation, anti-emetic properties, anticholinergic effects
STAGES OF CHANGE preparing to take steps to change *often expresses a desire to change
preparation
fine needle aspiration indications 3
presence of fluid, ascertaining type of fluid, or exploration of intraosseous lesion
guide table is used to
preserve - anterior guidance when restorative procedures change the surfaces of any "guiding" teeth (lingual of Mx ant)
Calcium channel blockers
prevent Ca influx Decreases O2 demand by decrease in afterload verapimil amlodipine nifidipine
Propranolol
prevents chontropics response to epi, emotions, and stress decreases O2 demand
Fusion is more common in primary or perm teeth? happens to which teeth, posterior or anterior? What is the tooth count with fusion?
primary anterior one less than normal for fusion
TRAUMATIC OCCLUSION primary occ trauma caused by seccondary occ trauma caused by
primary --- caused by excessive forces on a normal periodontium secondary --caused by normal occlusal forces on a reduced periodontium
the hardest tooth to save with endo is the --- the best primary tooth to save for space maintenance is---
primary 1st molar primary 2nd mo
smallest F-L
primary MD CI
pulpectomy is usually contraindicated in what teeth because they have a lot of accessory canals
primary MX and MD first molar
Most difficult primary tooth to restore?
primary mand 1st molar
Most unique primary tooth?
primary mand 1st molar
Widest M-D primary tooth
primary mand 2nd molar
The last primary tooth to erupt is...
primary max 2nd molar
What is the widest primary tooth in FL direction?
primary max 2nd molar
Widest F-L anterior primary tooth is....
primary max canine
The most common congenitally missing primary tooth is...
primary max lateral incisor
prepubertal periodontitis involves what teeth? is most common in what pop
primary molars AA children
Bud Stage: all perm teeth except molars arise from
primary predecessor
when do we do space maintenance what appliances
primary teeth lsot early - but space is adequate band and loop distal shoe ( before erruption of perm mo lingual arch nance (Mx)
PREVENTION of caries: primary? secondary? Tertiary?
primary- before it occurs (sealants + fluoridation_ secondary- eliminate or reduce disease AFTER it occurs (fillings) tertiary- rehabs pt after disease has taken place (Prosth)
pro and con of STANNOUS FLUORIDE?
pro- antimicrobial con- bad taste + extrinsic staining
space mgmt = space maintenance = space regaining =
proactive - mng and hold leeway reactive- maintain space after premature loss retroactive- regain space (max3mm
Ganglionic blockers
produce orthostatic hypotension
PREDICTION of the outcome of disease?
prognosis
tensing and relaxing certain muscle groups (focus on the difference between tension/relaxation)
progressive muscle relaxation
Bud Stage: Dental placode =
proliferating bud ( is dental lamina)
Prevalence is
proportion of a given population that is affected by a condition at a given time
List opiod analgesic potencies in order (codeine, oxycodone, propoxyphene, pentazocine)
propoxyphene<codeine<pentazocine<oxycodone
Thrombophlebitis, which occurs after IV administration of diazepam, is usually attributed to
propylene glycol
REE function later becomes
protects the tooth as it erupts and later becomes junctional epithelium
function of rests
provide support direct forces through the long axis of the tooth
Third party payers negotiate payments between ____________ and _____________
provider patient
after taking provisional off - why is it important to clean the prep before crown delivery
provisional cements have eugenol which inhibits polymerization of resin -- prevents bonding
gingivitis in children peaks at...
puberty
Do a _____________ if crown fracture of primary tooth involved enamel, dentin, and pulp. The pulp is non vital
pulpectomy
_______________ is done for necrotic and restorable primary teeth with pulp exposure with a ZOE buildup
pulpectomy
primary second molar w/ furcation involvement --> tx?
pulpectomy
Do a _________________ if crown fracture of primary tooth involved enamel, dentin, and pulp. The pulp is vital
pulpotomy
No furcation involvement but other endo symptoms --> tx?
pulpotomy
This is done for vital and restorable primary teeth with pulp exposure rather than direct pulp cap
pulpotomy
kaposi sarcoma lesion feature
purple color
oral lymphangiomas appear as
purple spots on tongue very rare
