Methods Final

Headlines in news releases provide the overall concept of information. For maximum effectiveness, a headline should be:

1 to 2 lines in length and typed in all capital letters

Headlines in news releases provide the overall concept of information. For maximum effectiveness, a headline should be: 1 to 2 lines in length and typed in all capital letters A minimum of 15 words 1 to 2 lines in length A minimum of 15 words and typed in all caps. Typed in all capital letters

1 to 2 lines in length and typed in all capital letters

Poorly chosen fonts, type styles, and type size can greatly impair a piece's readability. For most populations, health educators should consider using _______ when developing print materials.

12-point font with a serif type

Poorly chosen fonts, type styles, and type size can greatly impair a piece's readability. For most populations, health educators should consider using _______ when developing print materials. 12-point font with a serif type Lots of visual cues (such as arrows, circles, and boxes) No more than three different font types Light colored printing (because it is easier to read)

12-point font with a serif type

It often takes __________ before legislation is written, introduced, and passed into law.

2-3 years

When planning to lecture for more than ____ minutes, the health educator should use other methods or prepare a truly stirring presentation.

20

Approximately ______ of coalition members on the member roster form the active core of the coalition. 33% 25% 75% 50%

33%

In 2003, the national Adult Literacy Survey confirmed previous data that nearly _____ of the American population has limited literacy.

50%

In 2003, the national Adult Literacy Survey confirmed previous data that nearly _____ of the American population has limited literacy. 50% 65% 25% 35%

50%

Learners retain _______ by teaching others or by another immediate use of the learning.

90%

_______ of letters, telephone calls, or visits received by policymakers' are about taxes, guns, or abortion.

90%

_______ of letters, telephone calls, or visits received by policymakers' are about taxes, guns, or abortion. 90% 50% 75% 60%

90%

Which of the following are suggestions for writing a letter to a policymaker? A. Use your own words B. Timing is everything C. Request a response Only B and C A, B, and C

A, B, and C

Which of the following questions can be used to determine newsworthiness?

A. Can irony or outrage be used? B. Is the issue controversial? C. Is there a milestone event? all of these

Complete the following analogy, knowledge is to the cognitive domain as the feeling is to _____________ domain.

Affective

Which of the following is an advantage of pamphlets? Readers can pick up materials on sensitive topics Materials can be read more than once Educational messages can be saved Materials can be passed on to others All of the above

All of the above

Which of these is a Channel? Mass media All of the above Technology Small group

All of the above

Where can you derive community demographic variables such as age, gender, and education level? All of the these Government documents, reports, and statistics Census data State and local health agencies

All of the these

A community coalition is defined as a group of individuals representing: Factions or constituencies who agree to work together Diverse organizations All of these Members who work toward common goals

All of these

Media advocacy places emphasis on: Linking public health and social problems to inequities in social arrangements rather than flaws in the individual Focusing primarily on reaching opinion leaders and policymakers All of these Changing public policy rather than personal behavior

All of these

Organizing grassroots legislative action follows many of the same steps as organizing a coalition. Recruiting grassroots advocates includes which of the following? Providing support for first time advocates None of these Sharing effective stories from other advocates as a model All of these Meeting with potential advocates, asking for their help, outlining the issue, and discussing how new legislation can benefit others

All of these

The most important part of a media strategy is the _______ of the desired change. Operationalization All of these Articulation Clarification Justification

All of these

When visiting a policymaker, it is best to: A and C All of these A. Send a fax, letter, or phone call to request an appointment ahead of time B. Send other advocates to talk with the policymakers C. Follow up a visit with a letter

All of these

Which of the following is a common problem of coalitions? Difficulty engaging policymakers in the cause All of these Membership burnout or turnover Too many planners and not enough "doers"

All of these

Which of the following is involved in using media advocacy to support a legislative advocacy campaign? Selecting a spokesperson Writing editorials and news releases All of these Developing effective messages

All of these

Which of the following questions can be used to determine newsworthiness? All of these A. Can irony or outrage be used? B. Is the issue controversial? C. Is there a milestone event? B and C only

All of these

Which of these is done in the planning phase of the social marketing process? Analyze problem and situation All of these Assess environment in which program is to be implemented Identify resources None of these

All of these

Which one is an expected outcome of social marketing? Greater and stronger ties to the community All of these Fewer but more tailored interventions No longer looking for the "magic bullet" program More rapid behavior change

All of these

A panel is a useful way for an audience either to explore differing opinions about the same topic or to examine varying issues within the same subject area. An advantage of panels is that they

Allow the audience to hear a diversity of opinions about the same subject

Which of the following was not a purpose of the competency update project (CUP)?

Alter health educators scope of practice

Which of the following is NOT a tip or and technique for effectively working with the media? Always run the materials on the weekend when readership is the highest Call stations and ask personnel the best way to air PSAs Keep messages short Become familiar with media personnel

Always run the materials on the weekend when readership is the highest

Tips and techniques for selecting presentation methods include:

Answer: All of the above Matching methods to content Matching methods to presenter expertise Matching audience needs None of the above

One of the first steps in developing print materials is to define the intended audience. Defining the audience includes which of the following?

Answer: All of these Determining who is most at risk for a given health problem Determining interests and culture Determining who most needs to receive the materials

Which error(s) is/are illustrated in the following objective statement? A video will be used to illustrate correct hand washing so that participants will appreciate the importance of hygiene.

Answer: both of the answers provided are correct It is not measurable It describes instruction, not outcome

What does electioneering mean? Working with a candidate to promote passage of specific legislation Support for or opposition to specific legislation All of these Any attempt by a non-profit to influence an election by mentioning a candidate running for office Support members of all political parties

Any attempt by a non-profit to influence an election by mentioning a candidate running for office

Capable leadership is integral to the success of a coalition. Leadership can be: Formal Informal Any of these Elected Appointed

Any of these

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of audio methods?

Appeal to multiple senses

One strategy for reducing conflict in coalitions is to rotate coalition leadership. How often should leadership be rotated? At least every one year At least every three years At least every two years As often as members request

At least every two years

When pretesting and revising print materials, which of the following elements should be assessed?

Attractiveness, comprehension, and cultural acceptability

When pretesting and revising print materials, which of the following elements should be assessed?Attractiveness, evaluation, and number of theories used None of the above is necessarily used when pretesting and revising print materials Attractiveness and number of open-ended questions used Attractiveness, comprehension, and cultural acceptability

Attractiveness, comprehension, and cultural acceptability

Which of these is a step for advocating legislation?

B. Identify potential partners and form/join coalitions to strengthen support A. Identify the issue and develop a fact sheet both of these

When health educators are creating and developing print materials, they need to incorporate ______ to decide how to formulate messages. Behavior change theory and models Evaluation Evidence-based practice All of the these

Behavior change theory and models

Market segmentation is the process of dividing heterogeneous target groups by demographic, psychographic and ______ variables. Educational Social Behavioral Financial

Behavioral

The definition of social marketing includes: Both Answers are Correct Process of influencing behavior on a large scale Using marketing principles for purpose of societal benefit Neither Answer is Correct

Both Answers are Correct

Segmenting audiences can include:

Both Primary and Secondary Audiences

Which is a strategy for overcoming challenges to effective health communication? Audience feedback and pretesting Securing audience input None of the provided answers Both of the provided answers

Both of the provided answers

Readability formulas: Both of these Do not take into account context or accuracy of language used Provide a gauge of how easy or difficult a print piece is to read

Both of these

Media fact sheets can be used to: Secure feature articles in newspapers or magazines Both or these Support media bits Neither of these

Both or these

When visiting a policymaker, it is best to:

C. Follow up a visit with a letter A. Send a fax, letter, or phone call to request an appointment ahead of time B. Send other advocates to talk with the policymakers all of these

Which of the following are suggestions for writing a letter to a policymaker?

C. Request a response B. Timing is everything A. Use your own words all of these

A disadvantage of role plays is they:

Can bring out unintended emotions or outcomes

The peer education approach can be a very effective and productive means by which to disseminate information. Which situation below best illustrates peer education?

Cancer survivor providing support services to someone recently diagnosed with cancer

A coalition also serves as catalyst to engender community involvement and build community __________. Knowledge Leadership Capacity Partnerships

Capacity

The focus of a(n) __________ is to review and critique a true event.

Case study

The acronym CHES stands for

Certified Health Education Specialist

The route through which communication or message delivery occurs is a

Channel

The route through which communication or message delivery occurs is a: Material Channel Segment Method

Channel

Which of these is Direct Lobbying?

Communicating about specific legislation with a legislator

Which of these is Direct Lobbying? Any of these Appealing to the general public for support Communicating about specific legislation with a legislator Asking all the people in the community to take specific action

Communicating about specific legislation with a legislator

Success in health communication interventions begins with

Consumers

Success in health communication interventions begins with ____________. Effective planning Theories Changing behaviors Consumers

Consumers

Which of the following tools is used to prevent or reduce risk behaviors and prevent serious health problems among schools?

Coordinated School Health Model

Similarities of social marketing and the planning process include all of the following EXCEPT: Set clear goals and objectives Create a media campaign Assess potential customer and intervening organization(s) Plan, implement, evaluate, and modify offerings

Create a media campaign

The planning phase of the Health Communication Campaign Model includes all the following EXCEPT:

Create summative evaluation criteria

Which is NOT a component of a personal improvement project?

Develop a reinforcement schedule

Which of the following is involved in using media advocacy to support a legislative advocacy campaign?

Developing effective messages Writing editorials and news releases Selecting a spokesperson all of these

Which of the following is an example of active voice? Both are active voice Five servings of fruits and vegetables should be eaten each day Both are passive voice Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables each day

Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables each day

Which of the following is an advantage of pamphlets?

Educational messages can be saved Materials can be passed on to others Readers can pick up materials on sensitive topics Materials can be read more than once All of these!

Generally, coalitions often are successful when they work through _________ rather than spending time and money initiating new ones. Community foundations Established community events Community agencies None of these

Established community events

A _______ is a tool that provides factual information about a topic or situation to the media in a structured format to assist in developing a story. News release Fact sheet PSA Press kit

Fact sheet

Effective coalitions are usually NOT successful at seeking and securing donations from local businesses and community organizations. T/F

False

Health education should address knowledge, skills, and attitudes in a targeted balanced approach. T/F

False

Knowledge alone is likely to be robust enough to cause behavior change. T/F

False

Monitoring means listening and paying attention exclusively to local media outlets. T/F

False

News releases are usually at least four pages in length. T/F

False

Objectives on print materials can be unlimited in number and should focus on the change desired from the reader rather than facts or principles.

False

Objectives on print materials can be unlimited in number and should focus on the change desired from the reader rather than facts or principles. T/F

False

Pedagogy is the art or profession of conducting health education. T/F

False

Publicity about health issues are always positive. T/F

False

Social marketing is primarily about using marketing techniques to change health behavior. T/F

False

The Internet provides a wealth of easily accessible information. When Web sites do not have a copyright statement posted, it means that the site will allow anyone to use their materials. T/F

False

To maintain enthusiasm, limit the length of game play to no less than 30 minutes, including the time it takes to explain the rules. T/F

False

A _______ is a story that is a main attraction or headline in print media. Feature Breakthrough Invitation Editorial

Feature

A more complex research-based attribute by which to segment a market is lifestyle. The public relations firm Porter and Novelli identified seven health styles of target markets. Which of the following is NOT included in those markets? Hard living hedonists Physical fanatics Decent doolittles Financial fanatics Tense but trying

Financial fanatics

How an issue is explained or interpreted refers to: Advocacy Framing Social deduction Social math

Framing

How an issues is explained or interpreted refers to:

Framing

Public service announcements are short _______ announcements typically used by _______.

Informational; charities

Public service announcements are short _______ announcements typically used by _______. Informational; charities Opinion; charities Informational; churches Informational; corporations

Informational; charities

The most important part of a media strategy is the _______ of the desired change.

Justification Articulation Operationalization Clarification all of these

What is the most important activity in marketing-oriented health education? Facilitate mutually satisfying exchanges Sell as much of the offering as possible Learn as much as possible about the people whose behavior is to be influenced Create full demand for the offering

Learn as much as possible about the people whose behavior is to be influenced

The __________ section of the newspaper is one of the most read sections of a local newspaper. Public service announcements Letters to the editor Guest editorials Editorials

Letters to the editor

Media advocacy places emphasis on:

Linking public health and social problems to inequities in social arrangements rather than flaws in the individual Focusing primarily on reaching opinion leaders and policymakers Changing public policy rather than personal behavior all of these

Which of these is a Channel?

Mass media Technology Small group All of the above!!

Organizing grassroots legislative action follows many of the same steps as organizing a coalition. Recruiting grassroots advocates includes which of the following?

Meeting with potential advocates, asking for their help, outlining the issue, and discussing how new legislation can benefit others Providing support for first time advocates Sharing effective stories from other advocates as a model all of these

Health educators utilize presentations for imparting information in almost every setting. How they go about presenting the information is known as the ___________, which is traditionally defined as a systematic approach or procedure that is specifically carried out or conducted by teachers, presenters, or speakers.

Method

Specific factors that can be examined as part of the formal assets and needs assessment for presentations include all of the following EXCEPT:

Naturalistic

Exchange Theory includes:

None of these Potential buyers who believe in what they currently have Using the right promotion technique to offer the right product at the right price Potential buyers who believe in what is offered Answer: All of these

Which of the following performance indicators violates the protocol related to accountability?

On the Smartboard, participants will be able to match with 90% accuracy the drug categories to their side effects using the handout provided.

Which of these is a step for advocating legislation? Only A and B A. Identify the issue and develop a fact sheet B. Identify potential partners and form/join coalitions to strengthen support C. Implement policies at workplaces that support the legislation All of these

Only A and B

The purpose of a legislative committee hearing is to obtain ______ and ____ on a bill.

Oral; written testimony

The purpose of a legislative committee hearing is to obtain ______ and ____ on a bill. Oral; opposition testimony Internet; written testimony Oral; written testimony Testimony; publicity

Oral; written testimony

Which of the following is NOT a tip or technique for managing and sustaining coalitions? Consider cultural competency Understand coalition stages of development Organize with the state health department Evaluate coalition success Create criteria for membership

Organize with the state health department

List the one item below that should NOT be used to integrate a marketing approach into an organization. Start at the top Plan focus groups Hire marketing specialists Continually reassess all four P's Know oneself

Plan focus groups

According to your book, _______ is one of the most important aspects of materials development to create acceptable and useful materials. Using the correct reading level Pretesting and involving the intended audience Attractiveness of the final product Developing culturally sensitive materials

Pretesting and involving the intended audience

You are working with a very diverse group from different heritages and with a wide range of socioeconomic classes. Your task it is to gain insight on potential strategies to solve the problem of community vandalism. Your goal is to discover the participants' opinions, to foster cooperation, and to seek high-quality solutions for the problem. Which method below will best enable you to accomplish your goal?

Problem solving

What are the three levels of evaluation commonly used in health education program planning?

Process, impact, and outcome

The marketing mix is a combination of factors including: Product, people, and price Product, price, place, and promotion Product, people, and production Product, price, and promotion

Product, price, place, and promotion

Readability formulas:

Provide a gauge of how easy or difficult a print piece is to read Do not take into account context or accuracy of language used Both of these

In contrast to an objective, a goal:

Provides an overall direction for a program Does not have a deadline Is written to include all aspects or components of a program Answer: All of the these

What are the characteristics associated with appraisals?

Provides quick overview and on-the-spot assessment

One disadvantage of a lecture is that it

Requires a very high level of expertise on the topic to do well without other aids.

Newsletters are NOT typically used for: Raising money Resource materials in schools Promoting services and programs Raising awareness Communicating content information to a particular group

Resource materials in schools

Which one of the following is NOT a step to organize and plan materials development?

Secure financial resources

The process of dividing a population into distinctive groupings based on characteristics is called:

Segmentation

The process of dividing a population into distinctive groupings based on characteristics is called: Audience analysis Segmentation Tailoring Targeting

Segmentation

The connection between objectives and presentation methods requires the health educator to assess the relevant content (information) and __________ that are part of the presentation.

Skills

Market analyses can be frustrating because:

Social marketers have less secondary data available about customers Of difficulty obtaining valid and reliable measures of salient variables Answer: Both are true

________ is the art of making large numbers meaningful, usually by breaking them down and making a relevant vivid comparison. Social math Advocacy math Framing Social deduction

Social math

Where can you derive community demographic variables such as age, gender, and education level?

State and local health agencies Census data Government documents, reports, and statistics All of these

Media fact sheets can be used to:

Support media bits Both or these Secure feature articles in newspapers or magazines both

The default frame is generally considered:

The people's behavior that is determined by personal motivation

The default frame is generally considered: All of these A news frame of a particular issue The people's behavior that is determined by personal motivation The message media advocates will filter through the news

The people's behavior that is determined by personal motivation

Communication analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Threat conceptualization

Communication analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT: Channel Selection Formative research Audience analysis Threat conceptualization

Threat conceptualization

The unit of exchange for both radio and television is _______. Money Any of these Space Time

Time

(BBF) -- The cardinal rule in developing health education print materials is to write simply and clearly so key messages and action steps stand out.

True

According to the textbook, coalition leaders should recruit about twice as many volunteers as needed. T/F

True

Consumer orientation is the basic concept that an organization's mission is to bring about behavior change by meeting target market needs and wants. T/F

True

Customer satisfaction is the extent to which consumer's expectations of a product, service, or idea are met. T/F

True

Focus groups collect demographics as well as other qualitative data. T/F

True

Formative research gathers input from a community and performs assessments to better understand that audience. T/F

True

Health communication played a primary or contributing role in the completion of more than 200 of the 300 objectives in Healthy People 2010.

True

Health communication played a primary or contributing role in the completion of more than 200 of the 300 objectives in Healthy People 2010. T/F

True

Ideally, community needs assessment includes assessing assets as well needs. T/F

True

Market analysis examines the fit between the focus of interest and important market variables within the focus population.

True

Market analysis examines the fit between the focus of interest and important market variables within the focus population. T/F

True

Newspapers may cut portions of guest editorials based on available space. T/F

True

Performance indicators are measurable outcome-oriented terms which reflect the achievement of objectives. T/F

True

Positioning is about creating a personality for an offering based on its key attributes. T/F

True

Posters are good for raising awareness and communicating limited amounts of health information. T/F

True

Pretesting evaluates the impact of communication strategies on focus audiences before implementing these strategies within health promotion campaigns. T/F

True

Pretesting evaluates the impact of communication strategies on focus audiences before implementing these strategies within health promotion campaigns. Correct!

True

Television news stories that focus on individuals or events alone do more harm than good. T/F

True

The cardinal rule in developing health education print materials is to write simply and clearly so key messages and action steps stand out. T/F

True

The federal government has supported the development of many curriculum projects over the years. If you can find relevant government material, you can use it without violating any copyright law. T/F

True

The focus of a health communication campaign is to increase awareness of health threats. T/F

True

The focus of a health communication campaign is to increase awareness of health threats. Correct!

True

The general focus of community organizing is on changing a system's rules, social norms, or laws to ultimately change legality and social acceptability of behaviors.

True

The objective of a feature story is to get the entire story printed.

True

The objective of a feature story is to get the entire story printed. T/F

True

Theater has been commonly used in many health education programs. It differs from role plays in that it employs a script that dictates all dialogue and action. T/F

True

To effectively accomplish the process of health education, health educators must learn to set meaningful, appropriate, and achievable goals and objectives. T/F

True

When a group or organization first begins getting involved in advocacy efforts, their first issue should be a "winnable" one.

True

When a group or organization first begins getting involved in advocacy efforts, their first issue should be a "winnable" one. T/F

True

Writing materials at a reduced reading level means simplifying materials by reducing sentence length, explaining unfamiliar terms, and adjusting word selection to use simpler and more familiar words.

True

Writing materials at a reduced reading level means simplifying materials by reducing sentence length, explaining unfamiliar terms, and adjusting word selection to use simpler and more familiar words. T/F

True

Factors such as age, gender, motivation for attendance, ethnicity, and time of day, among others, have the potential to affect the success of methods. T/F

True.

It is wise to avoid the overuse of one method (e.g. lecture, video, work group) in order to maintain the attention of the audience. T/F

True.

It often takes __________ before legislation is written, introduced, and passed into law. 6 to 12 weeks about five years Two to three years 6 months to one year

Two to three years

Professionals can increase their self-confidence as a presenter by:

Utilize proper planning and evaluation Practice the presentation Focusing on what went well Answer: All of the above

Journalists will usually ask at least two questions in regards to a message an advocate delivers. Those questions include:

What is the problem and what is the solution?

Journalists will usually ask at least two questions in regards to a message an advocate delivers. Those questions include: Neither of these What is the problem and what policy is needed? All of these What is the problem and what is the solution?

What is the problem and what is the solution?

To focus attention on the landscape, media advocates try to frame the ______ of a news story or the _________ in that story.

content; message

To focus attention on the landscape, media advocates try to frame the ______ of a news story or the _________ in that story. headline; message content; implications content; message headlines; implications

content; message

While our main tool is __________ the outcomes expected are most often _____________.

education, behavioral

Monitoring means listening and paying attention exclusively to local media outlets.

false

How an issues is explained or interpreted refers to:

framing

The words "understand," "know" and "appreciate" would be best suited for writing:

goals

Short term or one-session programs, if well conducted, can reasonably be expected to affect changes in this domain.

knowledge

Most health education interventions are designed to provide people with _______ in the hopes that they will change their _______________.

knowledge, behavior

The initial coalition meeting should be planned at least ______ in advance. one month three months two weeks six months

one month

When training a generic health educator, emphasis should be placed on acquisition of ____________ instead of acquisition of ______________.

skills, health content

________ is the art of making large numbers meaningful, usually by breaking them down and making a relevant vivid comparison.

social math

Formative research gathers input from a community and performs assessments to better understand that audience.

true

Newspapers may cut portions of guest editorials based on available space.

true

Television news stories that focus on individuals or events alone do more harm than good.

true