Methods Final
Headlines in news releases provide the overall concept of information. For maximum effectiveness, a headline should be:
1 to 2 lines in length and typed in all capital letters
Headlines in news releases provide the overall concept of information. For maximum effectiveness, a headline should be: 1 to 2 lines in length and typed in all capital letters A minimum of 15 words 1 to 2 lines in length A minimum of 15 words and typed in all caps. Typed in all capital letters
1 to 2 lines in length and typed in all capital letters
Poorly chosen fonts, type styles, and type size can greatly impair a piece's readability. For most populations, health educators should consider using _______ when developing print materials.
12-point font with a serif type
Poorly chosen fonts, type styles, and type size can greatly impair a piece's readability. For most populations, health educators should consider using _______ when developing print materials. 12-point font with a serif type Lots of visual cues (such as arrows, circles, and boxes) No more than three different font types Light colored printing (because it is easier to read)
12-point font with a serif type
It often takes __________ before legislation is written, introduced, and passed into law.
2-3 years
When planning to lecture for more than ____ minutes, the health educator should use other methods or prepare a truly stirring presentation.
20
Approximately ______ of coalition members on the member roster form the active core of the coalition. 33% 25% 75% 50%
33%
In 2003, the national Adult Literacy Survey confirmed previous data that nearly _____ of the American population has limited literacy.
50%
In 2003, the national Adult Literacy Survey confirmed previous data that nearly _____ of the American population has limited literacy. 50% 65% 25% 35%
50%
Learners retain _______ by teaching others or by another immediate use of the learning.
90%
_______ of letters, telephone calls, or visits received by policymakers' are about taxes, guns, or abortion.
90%
_______ of letters, telephone calls, or visits received by policymakers' are about taxes, guns, or abortion. 90% 50% 75% 60%
90%
Which of the following are suggestions for writing a letter to a policymaker? A. Use your own words B. Timing is everything C. Request a response Only B and C A, B, and C
A, B, and C
Which of the following questions can be used to determine newsworthiness?
A. Can irony or outrage be used? B. Is the issue controversial? C. Is there a milestone event? all of these
Complete the following analogy, knowledge is to the cognitive domain as the feeling is to _____________ domain.
Affective
Which of the following is an advantage of pamphlets? Readers can pick up materials on sensitive topics Materials can be read more than once Educational messages can be saved Materials can be passed on to others All of the above
All of the above
Which of these is a Channel? Mass media All of the above Technology Small group
All of the above
Where can you derive community demographic variables such as age, gender, and education level? All of the these Government documents, reports, and statistics Census data State and local health agencies
All of the these
A community coalition is defined as a group of individuals representing: Factions or constituencies who agree to work together Diverse organizations All of these Members who work toward common goals
All of these
Media advocacy places emphasis on: Linking public health and social problems to inequities in social arrangements rather than flaws in the individual Focusing primarily on reaching opinion leaders and policymakers All of these Changing public policy rather than personal behavior
All of these
Organizing grassroots legislative action follows many of the same steps as organizing a coalition. Recruiting grassroots advocates includes which of the following? Providing support for first time advocates None of these Sharing effective stories from other advocates as a model All of these Meeting with potential advocates, asking for their help, outlining the issue, and discussing how new legislation can benefit others
All of these
The most important part of a media strategy is the _______ of the desired change. Operationalization All of these Articulation Clarification Justification
All of these
When visiting a policymaker, it is best to: A and C All of these A. Send a fax, letter, or phone call to request an appointment ahead of time B. Send other advocates to talk with the policymakers C. Follow up a visit with a letter
All of these
Which of the following is a common problem of coalitions? Difficulty engaging policymakers in the cause All of these Membership burnout or turnover Too many planners and not enough "doers"
All of these
Which of the following is involved in using media advocacy to support a legislative advocacy campaign? Selecting a spokesperson Writing editorials and news releases All of these Developing effective messages
All of these
Which of the following questions can be used to determine newsworthiness? All of these A. Can irony or outrage be used? B. Is the issue controversial? C. Is there a milestone event? B and C only
All of these
Which of these is done in the planning phase of the social marketing process? Analyze problem and situation All of these Assess environment in which program is to be implemented Identify resources None of these
All of these
Which one is an expected outcome of social marketing? Greater and stronger ties to the community All of these Fewer but more tailored interventions No longer looking for the "magic bullet" program More rapid behavior change
All of these
A panel is a useful way for an audience either to explore differing opinions about the same topic or to examine varying issues within the same subject area. An advantage of panels is that they
Allow the audience to hear a diversity of opinions about the same subject
Which of the following was not a purpose of the competency update project (CUP)?
Alter health educators scope of practice
Which of the following is NOT a tip or and technique for effectively working with the media? Always run the materials on the weekend when readership is the highest Call stations and ask personnel the best way to air PSAs Keep messages short Become familiar with media personnel
Always run the materials on the weekend when readership is the highest
Tips and techniques for selecting presentation methods include:
Answer: All of the above Matching methods to content Matching methods to presenter expertise Matching audience needs None of the above
One of the first steps in developing print materials is to define the intended audience. Defining the audience includes which of the following?
Answer: All of these Determining who is most at risk for a given health problem Determining interests and culture Determining who most needs to receive the materials
Which error(s) is/are illustrated in the following objective statement? A video will be used to illustrate correct hand washing so that participants will appreciate the importance of hygiene.
Answer: both of the answers provided are correct It is not measurable It describes instruction, not outcome
What does electioneering mean? Working with a candidate to promote passage of specific legislation Support for or opposition to specific legislation All of these Any attempt by a non-profit to influence an election by mentioning a candidate running for office Support members of all political parties
Any attempt by a non-profit to influence an election by mentioning a candidate running for office
Capable leadership is integral to the success of a coalition. Leadership can be: Formal Informal Any of these Elected Appointed
Any of these
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of audio methods?
Appeal to multiple senses
One strategy for reducing conflict in coalitions is to rotate coalition leadership. How often should leadership be rotated? At least every one year At least every three years At least every two years As often as members request
At least every two years
When pretesting and revising print materials, which of the following elements should be assessed?
Attractiveness, comprehension, and cultural acceptability
When pretesting and revising print materials, which of the following elements should be assessed?Attractiveness, evaluation, and number of theories used None of the above is necessarily used when pretesting and revising print materials Attractiveness and number of open-ended questions used Attractiveness, comprehension, and cultural acceptability
Attractiveness, comprehension, and cultural acceptability
Which of these is a step for advocating legislation?
B. Identify potential partners and form/join coalitions to strengthen support A. Identify the issue and develop a fact sheet both of these
When health educators are creating and developing print materials, they need to incorporate ______ to decide how to formulate messages. Behavior change theory and models Evaluation Evidence-based practice All of the these
Behavior change theory and models
Market segmentation is the process of dividing heterogeneous target groups by demographic, psychographic and ______ variables. Educational Social Behavioral Financial
Behavioral
The definition of social marketing includes: Both Answers are Correct Process of influencing behavior on a large scale Using marketing principles for purpose of societal benefit Neither Answer is Correct
Both Answers are Correct
Segmenting audiences can include:
Both Primary and Secondary Audiences
Which is a strategy for overcoming challenges to effective health communication? Audience feedback and pretesting Securing audience input None of the provided answers Both of the provided answers
Both of the provided answers
Readability formulas: Both of these Do not take into account context or accuracy of language used Provide a gauge of how easy or difficult a print piece is to read
Both of these
Media fact sheets can be used to: Secure feature articles in newspapers or magazines Both or these Support media bits Neither of these
Both or these
When visiting a policymaker, it is best to:
C. Follow up a visit with a letter A. Send a fax, letter, or phone call to request an appointment ahead of time B. Send other advocates to talk with the policymakers all of these
Which of the following are suggestions for writing a letter to a policymaker?
C. Request a response B. Timing is everything A. Use your own words all of these
A disadvantage of role plays is they:
Can bring out unintended emotions or outcomes
The peer education approach can be a very effective and productive means by which to disseminate information. Which situation below best illustrates peer education?
Cancer survivor providing support services to someone recently diagnosed with cancer
A coalition also serves as catalyst to engender community involvement and build community __________. Knowledge Leadership Capacity Partnerships
Capacity
The focus of a(n) __________ is to review and critique a true event.
Case study
The acronym CHES stands for
Certified Health Education Specialist
The route through which communication or message delivery occurs is a
Channel
The route through which communication or message delivery occurs is a: Material Channel Segment Method
Channel
Which of these is Direct Lobbying?
Communicating about specific legislation with a legislator
Which of these is Direct Lobbying? Any of these Appealing to the general public for support Communicating about specific legislation with a legislator Asking all the people in the community to take specific action
Communicating about specific legislation with a legislator
Success in health communication interventions begins with
Consumers
Success in health communication interventions begins with ____________. Effective planning Theories Changing behaviors Consumers
Consumers
Which of the following tools is used to prevent or reduce risk behaviors and prevent serious health problems among schools?
Coordinated School Health Model
Similarities of social marketing and the planning process include all of the following EXCEPT: Set clear goals and objectives Create a media campaign Assess potential customer and intervening organization(s) Plan, implement, evaluate, and modify offerings
Create a media campaign
The planning phase of the Health Communication Campaign Model includes all the following EXCEPT:
Create summative evaluation criteria
Which is NOT a component of a personal improvement project?
Develop a reinforcement schedule
Which of the following is involved in using media advocacy to support a legislative advocacy campaign?
Developing effective messages Writing editorials and news releases Selecting a spokesperson all of these
Which of the following is an example of active voice? Both are active voice Five servings of fruits and vegetables should be eaten each day Both are passive voice Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables each day
Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables each day
Which of the following is an advantage of pamphlets?
Educational messages can be saved Materials can be passed on to others Readers can pick up materials on sensitive topics Materials can be read more than once All of these!
Generally, coalitions often are successful when they work through _________ rather than spending time and money initiating new ones. Community foundations Established community events Community agencies None of these
Established community events
A _______ is a tool that provides factual information about a topic or situation to the media in a structured format to assist in developing a story. News release Fact sheet PSA Press kit
Fact sheet
Effective coalitions are usually NOT successful at seeking and securing donations from local businesses and community organizations. T/F
False
Health education should address knowledge, skills, and attitudes in a targeted balanced approach. T/F
False
Knowledge alone is likely to be robust enough to cause behavior change. T/F
False
Monitoring means listening and paying attention exclusively to local media outlets. T/F
False
News releases are usually at least four pages in length. T/F
False
Objectives on print materials can be unlimited in number and should focus on the change desired from the reader rather than facts or principles.
False
Objectives on print materials can be unlimited in number and should focus on the change desired from the reader rather than facts or principles. T/F
False
Pedagogy is the art or profession of conducting health education. T/F
False
Publicity about health issues are always positive. T/F
False
Social marketing is primarily about using marketing techniques to change health behavior. T/F
False
The Internet provides a wealth of easily accessible information. When Web sites do not have a copyright statement posted, it means that the site will allow anyone to use their materials. T/F
False
To maintain enthusiasm, limit the length of game play to no less than 30 minutes, including the time it takes to explain the rules. T/F
False
A _______ is a story that is a main attraction or headline in print media. Feature Breakthrough Invitation Editorial
Feature
A more complex research-based attribute by which to segment a market is lifestyle. The public relations firm Porter and Novelli identified seven health styles of target markets. Which of the following is NOT included in those markets? Hard living hedonists Physical fanatics Decent doolittles Financial fanatics Tense but trying
Financial fanatics
How an issue is explained or interpreted refers to: Advocacy Framing Social deduction Social math
Framing
How an issues is explained or interpreted refers to:
Framing
Public service announcements are short _______ announcements typically used by _______.
Informational; charities
Public service announcements are short _______ announcements typically used by _______. Informational; charities Opinion; charities Informational; churches Informational; corporations
Informational; charities
The most important part of a media strategy is the _______ of the desired change.
Justification Articulation Operationalization Clarification all of these
What is the most important activity in marketing-oriented health education? Facilitate mutually satisfying exchanges Sell as much of the offering as possible Learn as much as possible about the people whose behavior is to be influenced Create full demand for the offering
Learn as much as possible about the people whose behavior is to be influenced
The __________ section of the newspaper is one of the most read sections of a local newspaper. Public service announcements Letters to the editor Guest editorials Editorials
Letters to the editor
Media advocacy places emphasis on:
Linking public health and social problems to inequities in social arrangements rather than flaws in the individual Focusing primarily on reaching opinion leaders and policymakers Changing public policy rather than personal behavior all of these
Which of these is a Channel?
Mass media Technology Small group All of the above!!
Organizing grassroots legislative action follows many of the same steps as organizing a coalition. Recruiting grassroots advocates includes which of the following?
Meeting with potential advocates, asking for their help, outlining the issue, and discussing how new legislation can benefit others Providing support for first time advocates Sharing effective stories from other advocates as a model all of these
Health educators utilize presentations for imparting information in almost every setting. How they go about presenting the information is known as the ___________, which is traditionally defined as a systematic approach or procedure that is specifically carried out or conducted by teachers, presenters, or speakers.
Method
Specific factors that can be examined as part of the formal assets and needs assessment for presentations include all of the following EXCEPT:
Naturalistic
Exchange Theory includes:
None of these Potential buyers who believe in what they currently have Using the right promotion technique to offer the right product at the right price Potential buyers who believe in what is offered Answer: All of these
Which of the following performance indicators violates the protocol related to accountability?
On the Smartboard, participants will be able to match with 90% accuracy the drug categories to their side effects using the handout provided.
Which of these is a step for advocating legislation? Only A and B A. Identify the issue and develop a fact sheet B. Identify potential partners and form/join coalitions to strengthen support C. Implement policies at workplaces that support the legislation All of these
Only A and B
The purpose of a legislative committee hearing is to obtain ______ and ____ on a bill.
Oral; written testimony
The purpose of a legislative committee hearing is to obtain ______ and ____ on a bill. Oral; opposition testimony Internet; written testimony Oral; written testimony Testimony; publicity
Oral; written testimony
Which of the following is NOT a tip or technique for managing and sustaining coalitions? Consider cultural competency Understand coalition stages of development Organize with the state health department Evaluate coalition success Create criteria for membership
Organize with the state health department
List the one item below that should NOT be used to integrate a marketing approach into an organization. Start at the top Plan focus groups Hire marketing specialists Continually reassess all four P's Know oneself
Plan focus groups
According to your book, _______ is one of the most important aspects of materials development to create acceptable and useful materials. Using the correct reading level Pretesting and involving the intended audience Attractiveness of the final product Developing culturally sensitive materials
Pretesting and involving the intended audience
You are working with a very diverse group from different heritages and with a wide range of socioeconomic classes. Your task it is to gain insight on potential strategies to solve the problem of community vandalism. Your goal is to discover the participants' opinions, to foster cooperation, and to seek high-quality solutions for the problem. Which method below will best enable you to accomplish your goal?
Problem solving
What are the three levels of evaluation commonly used in health education program planning?
Process, impact, and outcome
The marketing mix is a combination of factors including: Product, people, and price Product, price, place, and promotion Product, people, and production Product, price, and promotion
Product, price, place, and promotion
Readability formulas:
Provide a gauge of how easy or difficult a print piece is to read Do not take into account context or accuracy of language used Both of these
In contrast to an objective, a goal:
Provides an overall direction for a program Does not have a deadline Is written to include all aspects or components of a program Answer: All of the these
What are the characteristics associated with appraisals?
Provides quick overview and on-the-spot assessment
One disadvantage of a lecture is that it
Requires a very high level of expertise on the topic to do well without other aids.
Newsletters are NOT typically used for: Raising money Resource materials in schools Promoting services and programs Raising awareness Communicating content information to a particular group
Resource materials in schools
Which one of the following is NOT a step to organize and plan materials development?
Secure financial resources
The process of dividing a population into distinctive groupings based on characteristics is called:
Segmentation
The process of dividing a population into distinctive groupings based on characteristics is called: Audience analysis Segmentation Tailoring Targeting
Segmentation
The connection between objectives and presentation methods requires the health educator to assess the relevant content (information) and __________ that are part of the presentation.
Skills
Market analyses can be frustrating because:
Social marketers have less secondary data available about customers Of difficulty obtaining valid and reliable measures of salient variables Answer: Both are true
________ is the art of making large numbers meaningful, usually by breaking them down and making a relevant vivid comparison. Social math Advocacy math Framing Social deduction
Social math
Where can you derive community demographic variables such as age, gender, and education level?
State and local health agencies Census data Government documents, reports, and statistics All of these
Media fact sheets can be used to:
Support media bits Both or these Secure feature articles in newspapers or magazines both
The default frame is generally considered:
The people's behavior that is determined by personal motivation
The default frame is generally considered: All of these A news frame of a particular issue The people's behavior that is determined by personal motivation The message media advocates will filter through the news
The people's behavior that is determined by personal motivation
Communication analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Threat conceptualization
Communication analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT: Channel Selection Formative research Audience analysis Threat conceptualization
Threat conceptualization
The unit of exchange for both radio and television is _______. Money Any of these Space Time
Time
(BBF) -- The cardinal rule in developing health education print materials is to write simply and clearly so key messages and action steps stand out.
True
According to the textbook, coalition leaders should recruit about twice as many volunteers as needed. T/F
True
Consumer orientation is the basic concept that an organization's mission is to bring about behavior change by meeting target market needs and wants. T/F
True
Customer satisfaction is the extent to which consumer's expectations of a product, service, or idea are met. T/F
True
Focus groups collect demographics as well as other qualitative data. T/F
True
Formative research gathers input from a community and performs assessments to better understand that audience. T/F
True
Health communication played a primary or contributing role in the completion of more than 200 of the 300 objectives in Healthy People 2010.
True
Health communication played a primary or contributing role in the completion of more than 200 of the 300 objectives in Healthy People 2010. T/F
True
Ideally, community needs assessment includes assessing assets as well needs. T/F
True
Market analysis examines the fit between the focus of interest and important market variables within the focus population.
True
Market analysis examines the fit between the focus of interest and important market variables within the focus population. T/F
True
Newspapers may cut portions of guest editorials based on available space. T/F
True
Performance indicators are measurable outcome-oriented terms which reflect the achievement of objectives. T/F
True
Positioning is about creating a personality for an offering based on its key attributes. T/F
True
Posters are good for raising awareness and communicating limited amounts of health information. T/F
True
Pretesting evaluates the impact of communication strategies on focus audiences before implementing these strategies within health promotion campaigns. T/F
True
Pretesting evaluates the impact of communication strategies on focus audiences before implementing these strategies within health promotion campaigns. Correct!
True
Television news stories that focus on individuals or events alone do more harm than good. T/F
True
The cardinal rule in developing health education print materials is to write simply and clearly so key messages and action steps stand out. T/F
True
The federal government has supported the development of many curriculum projects over the years. If you can find relevant government material, you can use it without violating any copyright law. T/F
True
The focus of a health communication campaign is to increase awareness of health threats. T/F
True
The focus of a health communication campaign is to increase awareness of health threats. Correct!
True
The general focus of community organizing is on changing a system's rules, social norms, or laws to ultimately change legality and social acceptability of behaviors.
True
The objective of a feature story is to get the entire story printed.
True
The objective of a feature story is to get the entire story printed. T/F
True
Theater has been commonly used in many health education programs. It differs from role plays in that it employs a script that dictates all dialogue and action. T/F
True
To effectively accomplish the process of health education, health educators must learn to set meaningful, appropriate, and achievable goals and objectives. T/F
True
When a group or organization first begins getting involved in advocacy efforts, their first issue should be a "winnable" one.
True
When a group or organization first begins getting involved in advocacy efforts, their first issue should be a "winnable" one. T/F
True
Writing materials at a reduced reading level means simplifying materials by reducing sentence length, explaining unfamiliar terms, and adjusting word selection to use simpler and more familiar words.
True
Writing materials at a reduced reading level means simplifying materials by reducing sentence length, explaining unfamiliar terms, and adjusting word selection to use simpler and more familiar words. T/F
True
Factors such as age, gender, motivation for attendance, ethnicity, and time of day, among others, have the potential to affect the success of methods. T/F
True.
It is wise to avoid the overuse of one method (e.g. lecture, video, work group) in order to maintain the attention of the audience. T/F
True.
It often takes __________ before legislation is written, introduced, and passed into law. 6 to 12 weeks about five years Two to three years 6 months to one year
Two to three years
Professionals can increase their self-confidence as a presenter by:
Utilize proper planning and evaluation Practice the presentation Focusing on what went well Answer: All of the above
Journalists will usually ask at least two questions in regards to a message an advocate delivers. Those questions include:
What is the problem and what is the solution?
Journalists will usually ask at least two questions in regards to a message an advocate delivers. Those questions include: Neither of these What is the problem and what policy is needed? All of these What is the problem and what is the solution?
What is the problem and what is the solution?
To focus attention on the landscape, media advocates try to frame the ______ of a news story or the _________ in that story.
content; message
To focus attention on the landscape, media advocates try to frame the ______ of a news story or the _________ in that story. headline; message content; implications content; message headlines; implications
content; message
While our main tool is __________ the outcomes expected are most often _____________.
education, behavioral
Monitoring means listening and paying attention exclusively to local media outlets.
false
How an issues is explained or interpreted refers to:
framing
The words "understand," "know" and "appreciate" would be best suited for writing:
goals
Short term or one-session programs, if well conducted, can reasonably be expected to affect changes in this domain.
knowledge
Most health education interventions are designed to provide people with _______ in the hopes that they will change their _______________.
knowledge, behavior
The initial coalition meeting should be planned at least ______ in advance. one month three months two weeks six months
one month
When training a generic health educator, emphasis should be placed on acquisition of ____________ instead of acquisition of ______________.
skills, health content
________ is the art of making large numbers meaningful, usually by breaking them down and making a relevant vivid comparison.
social math
Formative research gathers input from a community and performs assessments to better understand that audience.
true
Newspapers may cut portions of guest editorials based on available space.
true
Television news stories that focus on individuals or events alone do more harm than good.
true
