MGMT 3000 Guhde Exam 1
contributions of scientific management (3)
1. demonstrated the importance of compensation for performance 2. initiated the careful study of tasks and jobs 3. demonstrated the importance of personnel election and training
characteristics of scientific management (4)
1. developed a standard method for performing each job 2. selected workers with appropriate abilities for each job 3. trained workers in standard methods 4. provided wage incentives to workers for increased output
criticisms of scientific management (3)
1. didn't appreciate the social context of work and higher needs of workers 2. didn't acknowledge variance among individuals 3. tended to regard workers as uninformed and ignored their ideas and suggestions
max weber
1. division of labor, with clear definitions of authority/responsibility 2. positions organized in a hierarchy of authority 3. managers are subject to rules and procedures that will ensure reliable, predictable behavior 4. management is separate from the ownership of the org 5. administrative acts and decisions recorded in writing 6. personnel selected and promoted based on technical qualifications
today's effective managers... (4)
1. do more with less 2. engage employees hearts, minds, and energy 3. see change as natural 4. inspire vision and cultural values that allow people to create a collaborative and productive workplace
3 vertical management types
1. first-level or supervisory managers 2. middle managers 3. top managers
5 horizontal management types
1. general managers 2. functional managers 3. project managers 4. line managers 5. staff managers
time management is using techniques that enable you to do what? (4)
1. get more done in less time with better results 2. be more relaxed 3. have more time to enjoy your work and life 4. become more effective and efficient
other strategies based on behavioral sciences (4)
1. matrix organizations 2. self-managed teams 3. corporate culture 4. management by wandering around
subsets of management science (3)
1. operations research/mathematics model building 2. operations management 3. information technology (IT)
the factory system used what 3 things to mass-produce products
1. powered machinery 2. division of labor 3. unskilled workers
before the factory system... (2)
1. products were made one at a time by individual workers 2. work was generally performed at a small workshop or at home
4 subfields of the classical perspective
1. scientific management 2. bureaucratic organizations 3. administrative principles 4. management science
what do managers do? (5)
1. set objectives 2. organize 3. motivate and communicate 4. measure 5. develop people
rapid environmental shifts -> impact management (5)
1. technology (social media, mobile apps, AI, etc) 2. move to knowledge/information-based economy 3. global market forces 4. growing threat of cybercrime 5. shifting expectations by employees and customers
manager activities is a life on speed dial (3)
1. work at an unrelenting pace 2. interrupted constantly 3. ad hoc meetings
how many principles did henri fayol list? which are still used today?
14 1. unity of command 2. division of work 3. unity of direction 4. scalar chain
how many fundamental necessities did charles clinton spaulding outline? which were mentioned in class?
8 1. authority and responsibility 2. division of labor 3. adequate manpower 4. cooperation and work
managers spend less than ____ minutes on most activities
9
systems thinking
ability to see the distinct elements of a situation as well as the complexities; opposite of work specialization
management science
applies mathematics, statistics, and other quantitative techniques to management decision making and problem solving; aka quantitative perspective
high performance
attainment of org goals by using resources in an efficient and effective manner
theory y
average human doesn't inherently dislike work, doesn't need to be threatened, seeks responsibility, has a high degree of imagination in solutions of org problems, and their intellectual potentialities are only partially utilized
theory x
average human has inherent dislike of work, must be controlled/threatened, prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above all
if organizational performance indicates how well a manager is doing their job, is it more important for the manager to focus on efficiency or effectiveness?
both are equally important
however, successful new managers...
build teams and networks
contingency view is a mix of...
case view (every situation is unique) and universalist view (there is one best way)
does the application of management skills stay the same or change as managers move up the hierarchy?
change
large, complex organizations required new approaches to...
coordination and control
does every manager at every level need to have all 3 skills?
degree of the skills may vary, but all managers must posses the skills
organizational effectiveness
degree to which the org achieves a stated goal
henry gantt
developed the gantt chart, a bar graph that measures planned and completed work
when did the classical perspective emerge?
during the 19th and 20th centuries during the rise of the factory system
hawthorn studies
elton mayo increased the lighting to see if productivity would increase, and it did. to verify the results, he decreased the lighting, and the productivity was still increased. productivity actually went up because someone was paying attention to them and showing that they cared about what they were doing
was what a key contributor to the human relations movement?
elton mayo's hawthorne studies (1927-1932)
employee engagement
emotional commitment the employee has to the org and its goals; doesn't mean employee happiness or job satisfaction
radical decentralization
employees have authority to make key decisions about their work, eliminating much of the hierarchal reporting; employees flourish when given more responsibility and control over their own work; theory y
unity of command
every person only reports to one person
empowerment
facilitating instead of controlling
as machinery become larger and more expensive...
factories were formed
why and when was management science developed?
for the military during world war II
traditional approach to new competencies: leading
from autocratic to empowering, sometimes bossless
traditional approach to new competencies: managing relationships
from conflict and competition to collaboration, including use of social media
traditional approach to new competencies: overseeing work
from controller to enabler
traditional approach to new competencies: designing
from maintaining stability to mobilizing for change
traditional approach to new competencies: accomplishing tasks
from supervising individuals to leading teams
an organization is a social entity that's...
goal-directed and deliberately structured
who was a major contributor of administrative principles
henri fayol
according to peter drucker management is about what? what is management's task?
human beings; its task is to make people capable of joint performance/make their strengths effective and their weaknesses irrelevant
humanistic perspective vs. scientific management
humanistic perspective values the importance of human behaviors, needs, and attitudes rather than engineering techniques
in a bureaucratic organization, you should manage on what basis?
impersonal, rational basis
scientific management
improve efficiency and labor productivity through scientific methods
when you become a manager, you are no longer a ______ but rather the ______
individual performer; manager of others
maslow's hierarchy of needs
low to high: -survival needs -safety needs -belonging -self-esteem -self-actualization
technical skills are more relevant in ______ level management
lower
conceptual skills are not critical at ______ level management but are extremely critical at ______ level management
lower; top
focus on humanity of production
management focus is on meeting human needs for greater motivation and engagement to increase effectiveness
focus on things of production
management focus is on production efficiency via organization design and workflow systems and control
what subfield of the classical perspective is widely used today?
management science
contingency view
managers devise and apply similar responses to common types of problems; opposite of the universalist view of the classical perspective
who introduced empowerment and the acceptance theory of authority
mary parker follett and chester barnard
who was the german theorist who introduced the concepts of bureaucratic organizations?
max weber
who formed theory x and theory y?
mcgregor
many new managers expect...
more freedom to make changes
although important productivity gains come from this approach, bureaucracy has taken on a ______ tone
negative
subsystems
parts of a system that depend on one another
hawthorne effect
people behave differently when they know they are being watched
acceptance theory of authority
people can choose to follow management orders
who is considered the father of modern business management?
peter drucker
frank & lillian gilbreth
pioneered time and motion studies to promote efficiency
4 functions of a manager
planning, organizing, leading, controlling
other factors that affect management practices/perspectives
political and economic forces
in a bureaucratic organization, managers use _____ instead of _____ to delegate
power instead of personality
frederick winslow taylor
proposed that works could be retooled like machines; management decisions would be based on precise procedures based on study
peter drucker taught that successful leaders should do what?
put people and ethics first rather than focusing entirely on profits and rigid rules and work structures
organizational efficiency
refers to the amount of resources used to achieve an org goal
middle managers
responsible for business units and major departments
line managers
responsible for departments that perform a core function of the organization
functional managers
responsible for departments that perform a single task
staff managers
responsible for departments that support the organization's line departments with specialized advisory or support functions
first-level or supervisory managers
responsible for production of goods and services
general managers
responsible for several departments that perform different functions
project managers
responsible for temporary work projects involving people from different functions and levels
top managers
responsible for the entire organization
bureaucratic organizations depend on...
rules and records
mcdonald's management system is perfectly following what system from producing to selling?
scientific management
system
set of interrelated parts that function as a whole to achieve a common purpose
organization development
set of management techniques that use behavior sciences to improve the organization's health and effectiveness
internet of things (IoT)
smart devices and chips that communicate to other devices; helps with managing the supply chain or sequence of suppliers and purchasers
trivia friday: ______ explores a sale that could value the chain at more than ______
subway; $10 billion
3 management skills
technical, human, conceptual
big data analytics
technologies, skills, and processes for searching and examining massive sets of data to uncover hidden patterns and correlations; descendent of scientific management and recent interaction of quantitative approach
management definition
the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources
administrative principles are focused on...
the entire organization
the factory system was the new way of making products that began during...
the industrial revolution
synergy
the whole is grater than the sum of its parts
what is one of the challenges new managers face?
time management
many new managers make the transformation in a...
trial by fire
studying management history helps you...
understand the impact of social forces on orgs
manager activities are characterized by... (3)
variety, fragmentation, brevity