MGMT 3013 Exam 3
Sexual harassment can prevent people from performing their best due to making them feel uncomfortable or unsafe in their workplace. This means that the type of harassment alleged to be taking place against some Uber employees could negatively impact those employees' ____________.
Human capital
Implicit bias is characterized by the __________.
Attitudes and beliefs that we unconsciously hold about groups of people.
Stress is the feeling of tension and pressure; the source of that stress is known as a
Stressor
Attitudes are:
learned; directed toward specific objects, people, or events.
What legislation prohibits discrimination against the disabled and requires organizations to provide reasonable accommodation for an individual's disabilities?
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
The human brain is wired to do which fo the following after receiving feedback?
Amplify feelings of anger, guilt, or shame. Highlight past losses and failures.
Because Fiona is not influence by merit pay or sales commissions and she performs better in a highly structured job, Fiona has...
An external locus of control
Peter evaluates his sales staff based upon sales volume and gross margin on each sale. This BEST describes ________
An objective appraisal
Which of the following are NOT parts of compensation?
Annual performance reviews
Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job _________.
Design
The agency whose job it is to enforce anti-discrimination and other employment laws is called the ________.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives?
Equity theory, Goal-setting theory, Expectancy theory
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory, which "need" is fulfilled by the bonuses that are made available to Uber employees (e.g., the performance-based bonuses for nondriver, the referral bonuses for drivers)?
Esteem
What strategy do employers use to eliminate the risk of bias in job interviews?
Use a committee of three or more people to design, conduct, and evaluate the interview.
The abstract ideals that guide a person's thinking and behavior across all situations are called ___________.
Values
Match the element of compensation with its description.
Wages or salary -> Monetary payments to employees in exchange for doing their jobs. Incentives -> Inducements to attract and retain top performers or induce employees to be more productive. Benefits -> Additional non monetary forms of compensation such as health insurance, vacation and retirement plans.
What are accurate statements concerning the traits of women who excel as executives?
Women are highly collaborative, Women generally use a more participative style than men.
Dunning-Kruger Effect
a cognitive bias in which unskilled people make poor decisions and reach erroneous conclusions, but their incompetence denies them the metacognitive ability to appreciate their mistakes. Accounts for why low-skilled individuals are prone to greater overconfidence than are higher-skilled persons (in a particular area).
Ability, performance, and personality tests are the three most common types of
employment
Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs?
Goal-setting theory
A(n) _____________ is a compliant by an employee that management has violated the terms on the labor-management agreement.
Grievance
When physically attractive people are also assumed to be smarter and nicer, which perception distortion has occurred?
Halo effect
Simple irritants, such as misplacing your keys or a phone number, are referred to as ___________.
Hassles
All of the following are informal aspects of the workplace EXCEPT...
Hierarchy
What is the term for the attitudes or beliefs that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner?
Implicit bias
Research has shown that an effective employee socialization program has which of the following effects?
Improved employee performance, reduced turnover, enhanced job satisfaction.
The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called _________.
Motivation
_____________ is NOT a relationship-oriented behavior.
Political maneuvering
What is the willingness to accept constructive criticism, try and propose new ideas, and maintain a good attitude called?
Positive approach
An integrated model of leadership considers which of following to create leadership effectiveness?
Power and influence. Situational factors. Traits, gender, and skills.
Organizational behavior is a field of study that explains and __________ behavior.
Predicts
Which of the following are four conclusions we can draw from trait theory?
The implications of leadership traits cannot be ignored. The positive and "dark triad" traits suggest the qualities you should cultivate and avoid. A global mindset is an increasingly valued task-oriented trait. Organizations may want to consider personality, and trait assessments in their selection and evaluation processes.
Administrative changes that managers can make to reduce the stressors that lead to employee burnout are called ______________.
Buffers
Managers can use introduce _____________ to help reduce employees' work stress and improve their wellbeing.
Buffers
When an individual reaches a state of emotional, mental, or even physical exhaustion, it is called __________.
Burnout
Which of the following have been identified as the four basic skills needed by leaders.
Business skills, Interpersonal skills, Conceptual skills, Cognitive abilities
The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas?
Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety. Employees are underutilized.
The model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas?
Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.
_____________ is the belief that one's native country, culture, language, abilities, and/or behavior are superior to those of another culture.
Ethnocentrism
In which step of the learning and development process does the employer analyze whether employees' gaps in knowledge have been successfully filled?
Evaluation
In which steps of the learning and development process does the employer analyze whether employees' gaps in knowledge have been successfully filled?
Evaluation
According to research findings, followers seek and admire leaders who create which of these feelings?
Excitement, Community, Significance
What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort is exert to get what you want in a particular situation?
Expectancy
What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in particular situation?
Expectancy
Medical knowledge possessed by doctors results in their ________ power.
Expert
Medical knowledge possessed by doctors results in their _________ power.
Expert
In addition to emotional intelligence and agreeableness, what is a common positive interpersonal attribute of leaders?
Extraversion
Research reveals that emotional people tend to be more satisfied with their jobs, committed to their employer, and produce more work than conscientious individuals.
False
Role ambiguity occurs when a job description and criteria for promotion are vague.
False
Socialized power occurs when power is directed at helping oneself as a way of achieving one's own selfish ends.
False
Someone who is ethnocentric believes that his or her native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is inferior to those of another culture.
False
The Dunning-Kruger effect is a cognitive bias whereby people who are competent at something are unable to recognize their own competence. And not only do they fail to recognize their own competence, they're also likely to feel that they actually are incompetent.
False
The primary purpose of relationship-oriented leadership behavior is to ensure that people, equipment, and other resources are used in an efficient way to accomplish the mission of a group or organization.
False
The metaphor for an invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from being promoted to top executive jobs is the steel curtain.
False (Glass Ceiling)
The halo effect exists when we __________.
Form an impression of an individual based on a single trait.
The extent to which you feel positive or negative about the various aspects of your work is called job ____________.
Satisfaction
The extent to which you feel positive or negative about the various aspects of your work is called job ______________.
Satisfaction
Applications, résumés, interviews, and employment tests are all _____________ tools.
Selection
Place the steps in the perceptual process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the last step listed at the bottom...
Selective attention; Interpretation and evaluation; Storing in memory; Retrieving from memory to make judgements and decisions.
__________ leaders focus on providing increased service to others - meeting the goals of both followers and the organization - rather than to themselves.
Servant
The question "What was the best idea you ever sold to a supervisor, teacher, peer, or subordinate?" would be used in which type of interview situation?
Situational interview
Power directed at helping others, as opposed to helping oneself, is known as ________ power.
Socialized
Stereotyping is defined as the_____________.
Tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs.
What are reasons that the forced ranking approach to performance appraisal is falling out of favor?
The system gets rid of talented as well as untalented people It creates legal risk due to the perception of bias It results in reduced employee performance
Which of the following statements is NOT a practical implication of the behavioral approaches to leadership?
There is one best style of leadership.
Which of the following help ensure transformational leaders get positive results from their employees?
They are committed to diversity. They have a code of ethics in place. They reward high moral conduct.
Many employers are wary of giving references for which of the following reasons?
They fear that if they give a positive reference for someone who doesn't work out in a new job, they may be sued by that person's new employer. They fear that negative reviews may result in former employees suing the company.
Which of the following help ensure transformational leaders get positive results from their employees?
They have a code of ethics in place. They are committed to diversity. They reward high moral conduct.
When the two newly hired analysts compared notes, they found that their interviews had been quite different. Each was long and involved, but the content of the questions varied based on previous employment and education. Why would the interviews have been so different?
They were structured interviews.
Which of the following are typical reasons for which employees might be transferred?
To broaden their experience in being assigned to a different position. To solve employee problems, such as personal differences with a boss. To solve organizational problems by suing their skills at a another location. To retain their interest and motivation by being presented with a new challenge.
Why is it important to manage employees as individuals who have different personalities and circumstances?
To influence the way employees behave.
Attempts to identify distinctive characteristics that account for the effectiveness of leaders are called the ______ approaches to leadership.
Trait
An integrated model of leadership considers which of the following to create leadership effectiveness?
Traits, gender, and skills. Situational factors. Power and influence.
__________ focuses on clarifying employees' roles and task requirements and providing rewards and punishments contingent on performance.
Transactional leadership
In the integrated model of leadership, leadership behavior is task-oriented, relationship-oriented, passive, or _______.
Transformational
In the integrated model of leadership, leadership behavior is task-oriented, relationship-oriented, passive, or ________.
Transformational
Transactional leaders try to get people to do ordinary things, while __________ leaders attempt to get people to do exceptional things.
Transformational
What type of leader excites passion, inspiring and empowering people to look beyond their own self-interest?
Transformational
Which type of leader transforms employees to pursue organizational goals over self-interest?
Transformational
All managers have legitimate power over their employees which derives from their formal positions in the organization.
True
Because internals seem to have a greater belief that their actions have a direct effect on the consequences of that action, they likely would prefer and respond more productively to incentives such as merit pay or sales commissions.
True
Benefits account for about one-third of compensation costs.
True
Low self-efficacy is associated with learned helplessness, the debilitating lack of faith in one's ability to control one's environment.
True
The best Leadership display both transactional and transformational leadership styles.
True
True or False: According to the leader-member exchange model (LMX), a leader has different relationships with different subordinates.
True
________ occurs when an employee abandons, resigns, retires, or is terminated from a job, and the employer seeks to replace him or her.
Turnover
A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation?
Two-factor theory
Which of the following two initiative are the focus of strategic human resource planning?
Understanding current employee needs, Predicting future employee needs
A labor _________ is an organization of employees formed to protect and advance members' interests by bargaining with management over job-related issues.
Union
According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs?
Competence, autonomy and relatedness
John Kotter's theory suggests that management mostly involves dealing with _________.
Complexity
Which of the following are common task-oriented traits of leaders?
Conscientiousness, Intelligence, Emotional stability
Which of the following would be categorized as relationship-oriented leadership behaviors?
Considerations behavior, Empowering leadership, Ethical leadership, Servant leadership
One influence tactic that Khosrowshahi is able to rely on for getting buy-in from Uber employees is ____________, which is centered around his effort to listen to and make changes based on employee feedback.
Consultation
Which of the following leadership models are categorized as situational approaches to leadership?
Fiedler's contingency model, House's path-goal model
What is the modern way of designing jobs?
Fitting jobs to people
What term describes understanding who you are and what you stand for?
Self-awareness
The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ________ theory.
Self-determination
Even though she had never instructed anyone on how to use the new software, Millicent accepted the responsibility of instructing Sherri because she knew she was capable of doing the job. Which aspect of a core self-evaluation does Millicent's belief represent?
Self-efficacy
The "can do" aspect of our personality can best be described as ______.
Self-efficacy
The belief in one's ability to complete a task is called __________.
Self-efficacy
When much of her work was automated with a new computerized system, Brittany became unsure of her ability to do her job. Sara, her boss, has been mentoring her to improve her...
Self-efficacy
_______________ occurs when people's expectations of themselves lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
The ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity in reliable and adaptable ways is called what?
Self-management
The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs is called _____.
Stereotyping
____________ is the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively.
Stress
Uber drivers' performance is currently rated by riders in their vehicles. This means that the performance appraisal they receive is primarily __________
Subjective
According to the revised path-goal theory, into which of the eight leadership behavior categories does Khosrowshahi's ability to listen to the needs of employees most directly fall?
Supportive
Leaders who focus on __________ leadership behaviors attempt to ensure that people, equipment, and other resources are used efficiently and effectively to accomplish the organization's mission.
Task-oriented
The personality dimensions of extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience are referred to as __________.
The Big Five personality dimensions
Which core influence tactic tends to work better than a legitimating tactic?
Consultation
Which of the following are among the nine most common influence tactics?
Consultation, Inspirational appeals, Rational persuasion.
Which are principal perspectives on motivation?
Content, reinforcement, job design, process
The situational approach to leadership is also known as the __________ approach.
Contingency
Which approach to leadership asserts that a leader's effectiveness depends on the situation at hand?
Contingency
__________ is defined as an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work.
Employee engagement
Which of the following is NOT a key quality displayed by humble leaders?
Low self-awareness
There is one main theory as to what motivates people, and this theory is accepted by most people.
False
True or False: House's revised path-goal theory has been tested enough to verify its overall conclusions.
False
True or False: Leadership is a narrow term that only refers to formal positions such as CEO and CFO.
False
True or False: Task-oriented leaders are best suited to handle all situations.
False
True or False: The term "diversity" is synonymous with differences.
False
True or False: Women executives score lower than men on producing high-quality work.
False
Undocumented immigrants make up about 20% of the U.S. workforce.
False
Which fo the following is NOT one of the eight leadership styles proposed by the revised path-goal theory?
Servant leadership
Which of the following initially handles a grievance filed by an employee?
Shop steward
An employee transfer within an organization is thought of as moving _______, because the employee is moving to a position of similar responsibility.
Sideways
In which ways do interpersonal skills help leaders in being effective?
Working with diverse groups of people, Influencing others.
Which assumption about the U.S. workforce is true?
Young college graduates are earning less than they used to.
Compensation includes:
Benefits, incentives, wages or salaries
Self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability are traits that make up an individual's _________________
Core self-evaluation
To create effective managers, companies should do what?
Train them on task and relationship management.
A union may ask an employer for official recognition after at least _________ percent of workers have signed authorization cards.
30
Research shows that performance declines about ________ percent of the time after receiving feedback.
38
People who are involved in a chronic, determined struggle to accomplish more in less time have a Type ____ behavior pattern.
A
Even before Khorsrowshahi made any substantial moves or changes to lead Uber, the fact that his overall demeanor and personal style created a positive view about his leadership of Uber was created by __________
A halo effect
Employee engagement is defined as...
A mental state in which a person performing a work activity is fully immersed in the activity, feeling full of energy and enthusiasm for the work.
Were Kalanick to only attribute Uber's successes to his haphazard, hot-headed ways of making brash and reckless decision making, and not Uber's struggles, he would be falling victim to ____________
A self-serving bias
Performance management is defined as _____
A set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.
Performance management is defined as _______
A set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.
As the number of Uber drivers grows at a rapid rate, the company benefits from the fact that one fo the few hiring tests it needs to ensure drivers pass is already done for them - the driving test needed to receive a driver's license. In the framework of employment tests, which type of test(s) does a driving test quality as?
Ability and performance tests
Match the type of employment test with its description:
Ability tests -> These test measure factors such as strength, stamina, mechanical aptitude and cognitive skills. Performance tasks -> These tests measure an applicant's execution of various work tasks. Personality tests -> These tests measure characteristics such as sociability, emotional stability and independence. Integrity tests -> These tests assess attitudes and experiences a person's honesty, dependability, and trustworthiness.
Values:
Abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations
Having a positive approach means that you are willing to:
Accept developmental feedback; Try and suggest new ideas; Maintain a positive attitude at work.
The Americans with Disabilities Act requires organizations a reasonable _________ for individuals with disabilities in the workplace.
Accommodation
What are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory?
Achievable, Challenging, Specific
According to McClelland's Aquired Needs Theory, drivers are likely to attempt to earn high star ratings to fulfill their need for _________, and use _______ power to influence how customers rate them.
Achievement; Personal
Behavior is defined as the combination of which two elements?
Actions; judgements
In which step of the learning and development process does the employer identify if there are gaps in what new employees need to know and if those gaps can be filled by learning and development?
Assessment
A learned predisposition toward a given object is known as a(n) ____________
Attitude
________ occurs when an employee retires or when the company eliminates his or her job, and the employer leaves the vacancy unfilled.
Attrition
Leaders who are self-aware tend with which fo the following?
Authenticity, A sense of purpose, Trust
The first step in the unionization process is to have workers sign _________ which designate a certain union as the workers' bargaining agent.
Authorization cards
Dax is an assembly line worker at an automotive plant. He is paid $14.50 per hour. This amount reflects the ________ of Dax's job.
Base pay
George is a customer service associate in an upscale supermarket. The monetary payment he receives in exchange for performing his job is referred to as ______.
Base pay
Part of the frustration by drivers, and the reason that some want to unionize, is that they don't receive all parts of a typical compensation package often given to employees. Based on the case, which is the only part of a typical compensation package often given to employees. Based on the case, which is the only part of a typical compensation package that Uber's "business partners" do currently receive?
Base pay
People's values and attitudes affect their workplace __________, which includes their actions and judgements.
Behavior
Which approach to leadership attempts to determine the actions and behaviors that effective leaders engage in when interacting with others?
Behavioral
Kalanick pitting his own teams within Uber against one another in order to achieve "....the fastest, cheapest, and most efficient way to get from point A to point B" demonstrate the __________ and _________ components of his attitude.
Behavioral; cognitive
Insurance, retirement plans, health club memberships, and education reimbursement are just a few examples of compensation in the form of ______
Benefits
Nicole receives _______________, such as sick-leave days, vacation days, and free parking, from her employer.
Benefits
According to Kotter, leadership is primarily about coping with what?
Change
Which legislation gave rise to the establishment fo the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Commission?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Match the four basic kinds of workplace labor agreements with the correct description.
Closed Shop -> Employers may hire only workers for a job who are already in the union. (Illegal) Union Shop -> Workers must join the union within a specific time after being hired. (Not allowed in 22 states) Agency Shop -> Workers must pay equivalent of union dues, but are not required to join the union. (Applies to public-sector teachers in some states.) Open Shop -> Workers may choose to join or not join a union. (Applies in 22 states [right-to-work states])
Creating and enforcing a clearly stated __________ is an important practice for transformational leaders to follow.
Code of ethics
The process of negotiation between labor unions and management to resolve disputes concerning benefits, compensation, working conditions, and job security is known as _______.
Collective bargaining
The process through which the union and management negotiate pay, benefits and other work terms is __________.
Collective bargaining
Jordan enjoys working at his company because it has the philosophy that every employee is making an important contribution. As a result, there is a mutual level of respect among all employees. In this situation, the company is creating a feeling of _______.
Community
Which of the following are characteristics of a Type A behavior pattern?
Deadline focused; Hurried; Competitive
People tend to become _________ when they feel attacked or threatened during feedback , a stance that can lead to shutting down or trying to prove that the feedback giver is wrong.
Defensive
______ occurs when an employee remains in employment with the company, but their current responsibilities, pay, and perquisites are taken away.
Demotion
Being placed on suspension or temporary leave as a consequence of poor performances an example of which human resource management action?
Discipline
Refusing to hire or promote an individual or making other employment decisions based upon factors such as ethnicity, religion, or gender is referred to as workplace ___________.
Discrimination
Trait approaches to leadership propose that leadership ability arises from _______.
Distinctive personal characteristics
____________ represents all the ways people are unlike and alike - the differences and similarities in age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, capabilities, and socioeconomic background.
Diversity
Anton's company has undergone a massive reorganization, and hundreds of jobs have been permanently eliminated, along with Anton's job. Which of the following BEST describes Anton's dismissal?
Downsizing
The ability to monitor your own feelings and those of others and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions is referred to as ______________.
Emotional intelligence
Which traits are elements of an individual's core self-evaluation?
Emotional stability Locus of Control Self-efficacy Self-esteem
Match the Big Five personality dimension with its description.
Extroversion -> The extent to which a person is outgoing, sociable and assertive. Agreeableness -> The extent to which a person is trusting, cooperative, and good-natured. Conscientiousness -> The extent to which a person is dependable, reliable and responsible. Emotional Stability -> The extent to which a person is relaxed, secure and unworried. Openness to Experience -> The extent to which a person is imaginative, curious and broad-minded
Salaried executive, administrative, and professional employees are exempt from ______ rules.
Fair Labor Standards Act
Salaried executives, administrative, and professional employees are exempt from over time rules as outlined in the _________.
Fair Labor Standards Act
Which law established a minimum wage for workers, set limits for child labor, and established overtime pay?
Fair Labor Standards Act
A person's emotional stability refers to how intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad-minded he or she is
False
Fiedler's contingency leadership model argues that leadership behaviors should be determined by position power only.
False
In general, job satisfaction today is at an impressively high 89%.
False
In two-tier wage contracts, veteran employees are paid less or receive fewer benefits than new employees.
False
Leadership is the ability to marshal human, informational, and other resources to get something done.
False
Narcissism is a key positive leadership trait.
False
Which leadership approach asserts that leadership behavior varies across a wide number of leadership styles, ranging from take-no-responsibility leadership to transformational leadership?
Full-range
Which leadership approach suggests that leadership behaviors vary along a continuum of leadership styles, from passive through transactional to transformational?
Full-range
Your belief in your ability to influence people who are unlike you in a global context is called a __________.
Global mind set
Match the type of stressor with its description.
Hassles -> Simple irritants, such as misplacing things or being overworked. Crises -> Sudden occasions of terror, such as a tornado or fire. Strong Stressors -> Situations that con dramatically strain a person's ability to adapt, such as frequent migraine headaches. Distress -> Negative stress that can cause anxiety and illness. Eustress -> Positive stress that can stimulate better coping and adaption.
Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors?
Herzberg's two-factor theory
Although some people view _________ as a weakness, it is actually the belief that something greater than oneself exists.
Humility
What is the relatively stable trait that is grounded in the belief that something greater than the self exists?
Humility
Organizations use ______ such as commissions, profit-sharing, bonuses, and stock options to attract and retain top performers.
Incentives
Organizations use ________ such as commissions , profit-sharing, bonuses, and stock options to attract and retain top performers.
Incentives
Samantha is employed as a sales engineer in a large medical products firm. The _____________ of her job include commission on the sales she generates, quarterly performance bonuses, and stock options.
Incentives
What are key behaviors for transformational leaders?
Individual consideration, Intellectual stimulation, Idealized influence, Inspirational motivation
The leadership aspect of managerial leaders is to ________, while the management part is to __________.
Influence; facilitate
Conscious efforts to affect and change behaviors in others are known as ________ tactics.
Influences
Which of the following is considered a "soft" tactic used to influence others?
Ingratiating tactics
Which of the following are forms of task-oriented leadership behaviors?
Initiating-structure leadership, Transactional leadership
What is the intended benefit of the forced ranking approach to performance appraisal?
It encourages managers to reward top performers and discipline poor performers.
People who feel greater job satisfaction are also likely to experience greater _______________.
Life Satisfaction; Commitment to the organization; Motivation
Which of the following is NOT true about drug and alcohol tests?
Job applicants can be tested selectively.
Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes?
Job characteristics model
Identify the items that are included in negotiations between management and employees while they are engaged in collective bargaining.
Job security Working conditions Employee compensation Employee benefits
Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following?
Justice, Fairness
Hourly workers at Brite Electroplating have joined an organization to protect their interests by bargaining with management over job-related issues. This organization is a(n) _________.
Labor union
Match the type of dismissal with its description:
Layoff -> Temporary dismissal from an organization, likely due to economic conditions. Downsizing -> Permanent dismissal, often related to a company-wide reorganization. Firing -> Permanent dismissal for cause.
Which leadership model examines the quality of relationships between managers and subordinates and suggests that leaders have different relationships with different subordinates?
Leader-member exchange model
Which of the following are implications that are offered by House's revised path-goal theory?
Leaders should help employees to achieve their goals by helping to clarify the path to those goals and removing obstacles to achieving them. Leaders should modify their style to fit the employee characteristics and situational factors in the leadership situation. Effective leaders will possess and likely use more than one style of leadership.
An organization's vision and strategic plan is created by _______ and then implemented by _________.
Leaders; managers
An organization's vision and strategic plan is created by _________ and then implemented by ________.
Leaders; managers
The ability to influence employees to voluntarily pursue organization goals is referred to as ____________.
Leadership
As shift supervisor, Cassandra developed the schedule for the day, indicating which of her staff would be doing which job. The staff follows this schedule because of Cassandra's ________ power.
Legitimate
_________ power, which all managers have, is power that results from a manager's authority to offer praise and pay raises, even promotions to his or her subordinates.
Legitimate
Myra notices that one of her employees has been wasting time and resources by performing a task incorrectly. Which statement is the most effective form of feedback?
Let me show you a trick that will save you some time and effort.
What is the best method to avoid becoming defensive when receiving feedback?
Let the speaker finish and ask questions afterward.
Which interpersonal trait is most exemplified by Kalanick's willingness to push managers to operate illegally as long as laws in particular city weren't actually being enforced and allowance of bad employee behavior as long as it was cancelled out by good performance?
Machiavellianism
Which negative trait of some leaders is marked by a cynical view of human nature that condones opportunistic and unethical ways of manipulating people, putting results over principles?
Machiavellianism
When crafting a solution to a problem during a performance appraisal, what should employers do?
Make themselves available for further questions or feedback. Get the employee's input.
Scientific _________ is the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs.
Management
What is defined as the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done while facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives?
Managerial leadership
The theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is _________ theory.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives?
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. McClelland's acquired needs theory. Herzberg's two-factor theory.
The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ________.
McClelland's acquired needs theory
The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called__________.
McClelland's squired needs theory
Which of the following are common ways that employees express burnout?
Missed deadlines; Showing indifference to performance; Taking longer lunch breaks.
Emotional intelligence reflects the ability to:
Monitor your and others' feelings and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions. Use emotions and emotional knowledge to enhance thought Carry out accurate reasoning about emotions
According to the Pew Research Center, which statement is accurate regarding predicted trends in the United States during the next few decades?
More women will continue to be hired for top leadership jobs.
Which statements about motivations are true?
Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation. Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior.
Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called _______.
Needs
Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called __________.
Needs
How does McClelland view needs?
Needs are something that we learn from our culture.
In the time under Kalanick's leadership, where he would create stress through "secrecy, animosity, and a lack of cooperation" among employees, Kalanick served as the __________
Negative stressor
Which two of the following are concerns that a manager should consider when an employee is promoted?
Nondiscrimination and fairness
Which of these requires organizations to provide employees with nonhazardous working conditions?
OSH Act
Performance appraisals that are based on facts and are often numerical are referred to as __________ appraisals.
Objective
Which legislative act was passed to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for employees?
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
Technology-enhanced learning is usually a form of _____________
Off-the-job learning and development
Programs that help employees to integrate and transition to new jobs by making them familiar with corporate policies, procedures, cultures, and politics by clarifying work-role expectations and responsibilities are known as _________ programs.
Onboarding
What interdisciplinary field is dedicated to understanding and management of people at work?
Organizational behavior
What are the types of employee behavior that managers can influence?
Organizational citizenship behavior; Performance and productivity; Counterproductive work behaviors; Turnover and absenteeism
Helping a new employee learn the ropes of the organization fit easily into the new job is known as _______.
Orientation
When Keisha started her new job, she went through _________to help her transition and fit smoothly into the job and organization. The company is smalls this process consisted primarily of employees welcoming her, "showing her ropes," and inviting her to the annual picnic that was coming up soon.
Orientation
Adams' Equity Theory suggests that because Uber's base salary is on par with other tech giants then employees across these organizations at least have similar __________ and would perceive there to be _________.
Outputs; equity
Leadership behavior that is characterized by a lack of leadership skills, such as the management-by-exception style, is referred to as ___________ leadership.
Passive
Alexis chooses to manage her team through a management-by-exception approach. She only becomes involved if there is a problem. Which of the following would best describe Alexis's leadership approach?
Passive leadership
In the __________ leadership model, a leader makes desirable rewards available in the workplace and clarifies how followers can obtain them.
Path-goal
Which leadership model holds that na effective leader makes desirable rewards available to workers and increases workers' motivation by clearly outlining the behavior that will help them achieve those goals and rewards?
Path-goal leadership
Which leadership model states that successful leaders help followers by tying meaningful rewards to goal accomplishment, reducing barriers to achieving those goals, and providing subordinates with support?
Path-goal leadership
The process of interpreting and understanding one's environment is called _____________.
Perception
A _________ consists of assessing an employee's performance and providing him or her with appropriate feedback.
Performance appraisal
A performance appraisal is likely to contain which two of the following types of information?
Performance feedback, assessment of performance
The continuous cycle of improving job performance through defining performance, monitoring and evaluating performance, reviewing performance, and providing consequences is known as ________
Performance management
The continuous cycle of improving job performance through defining performances, monitoring and evaluating performance, review performance, and providing consequences is known as _______.
Performance management
________ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.
Performance management
What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation?
Performance to outcomes, Effort to performance
Matt is one of those consistently upbeat, optimistic people. He always looks on the bright side of things and sees the glass as half-full, rather than half-empty. These characteristics describe Matt's.......
Personality
The stable behavioral and psychological characteristics responsible for a person's identity are known as _________.
Personality
_________ is(are) defined as those stable psychological and behavioral attributes that give you your identity.
Personality
Richard's use of power is directed toward helping himself rather than helping others. This is an example of ______ power.
Personalized
What is the term for power at helping yourself and furthering your own ends rather than those of others or the organization?
Personalized power
Kalanick's way of leading was one that focused on doing whatever it took for his company to succeed, or ____________ power, whereas Khosrowshahi's way of leading is focused on growing and inspiring employees, or ________ power.
Personalized; socialized
Which of these are common methods for conducting job interviews?
Phone call, face-to-face, videoconferencing
Hillary knows she needs a full-time job so she can buy groceries and clothing for her three children. Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs does this describe?
Physiological
Which groups are often incorrectly perceived as having low organizational commitment?
Pregnant women; Mothers
Uber's decision to closely link bonuses to performance evaluation ratings is most closely related to which type of organizational justices?
Procedural Justice
Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act?
Process perspectives
When it comes to empowering employees, both Kalanick and Khosrowshahi have ways of doing so, albeit two different ways. Kalanick was only focused on leading for ________, whereas Khosrowshahi does so in many ways while primarily focused on leading for ___________.
Progress; meaningfulness
Moving an employee to a higher-level position is called ______
Promotion
Which characteristics are associated with leaders rather than with mangers?
Providing emotional support, Inspiring others, Being a visionary
Which characteristics are associated with leaders rather than with managers?
Providing emotional support, Inspiring others, Being a visionary.
Having a cool, collected, humble leader in place such as Khosrowshahi can empower people to speak up by creating what type of climate within Uber?
Psychologically safe
Deactivating drivers if they don't meet the minimum standards set by Uber is a form of __________.
Punishment
The self-fulfilling prophecy is also known as the ___________ effect .
Pygmalion
What does the technique called scientific management seek to do?
Raise employee productivity. Increase employee efficiency. Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs.
The action by which workers vote on whether to accept or reject the terms of the contract negotiated by the union after collective bargaining is called ____________.
Ratification
What are appropriate ways to self-manage?
Recognize words, sayings, and situations that trigger your emotions; Pause and take deep breaths; Recognize your physiological responses to triggers.
As the human resource manager for her firm, Candace is responsible for identifying and attracting qualified applicants for available positions within the organization. This role is known as
Recruiting
The process of locating and attracting qualified applicants either outside or inside an organization for jobs open in the organization is called______
Recruiting
Individuals who are asked to provide assessments of former employees are known as
References
"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation?
Reinforcement theory
What type of leadership is primarily concerned with leaders' interactions with their subordinates and is aimed at enhancing the creation of a positive, nurturing work environment?
Relationship-oriented
According to Fiedler's contingency leadership model, which two fo the following are seen as leader orientations or styles?
Relationship-oriented, Task-oriented
Behavioral approaches to leadership have identified which categories of leader behavior?
Relationship-oriented, Transformational, Passive, Task-oriented
To be effective, a person employing influence tactics should do which of the following?
Rely on the core, Be authentic, Be subtle.
What is the last step of the perceptual process?
Retrieval from memory
Uber has worked to improve and safeguard its driver performance appraisal rating system, yet it still lacks some of the basic components of traditional employee performance management systems. Based on the case, which of the following is not part of Uber's performance appraisal system for drivers?
Rewards
Human resource (HR) management is defined as
activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop, and retain an effective workforce.
Developing a systematic, comprehensive strategy for understanding current employee needs and predicting future employee needs is referred to as _______ human resource planning
strategic
What is organizational commitment?
the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals
