MGMT 309 ch2 Practice

Lupita is using computer simulations to determine what will happen to parts produced by her company during extreme temperature changes. What will help Lupita in understanding potential changes?

Management science

Farida, a manager at Pepper Edison Bank, uses mathematical models to figure out how many cashiers need to be on duty at each location at various times throughout the day. Which of the following approaches is used by Farida?

Management science (operation management: helping organization produce its products or services more efficiently)

Whose works should you study if you want to understand the origins of the recognition of the importance of human resources and the personal welfare of workers?

Robert Owen

Why is it important for managers to study history?

The historical context can help managers avoid the mistakes of others. (provide a sense of heritage and can help managers avoid the mistakes of others)

What was the final conclusion of the Hawthorne studies?

The human element is very important in the workplace

What was the final conclusion of the Hawthorne studies?

The human element is very important in the workplace.

What was Henri Fayol's contribution to the field of management?

(Fayol's; administrative management theory) He was the first to identify the specific managerial functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

Which area of classical management should you study to learn more about managing the total organization?

Administrative

Who or what could a manager study to see an early example of staff organization used to coordinate activities during military campaigns?

Alexander the Great

Anke believes that a manager's concern for workers would lead to increased satisfaction. This, in turn, would increase performance. Who's theories would support this view?

Douglas McGregor (behavioral theory)

Which of the following is a contribution of the quantitative management perspective?

Improved awareness and understanding of complex processes and situations (contributions: sophisticated quan tech to assist in decision making; application of models to increase awareness and understanding; planning and controlling.)

What is the relationship between quality and productivity?

Improving quality tends to increase productivity because making higher-quality products generally results in less waste and rewor

What distinguishes the behavioral management perspective from earlier management theories?

It placed more emphasis on individual attitudes, behaviors, and group processes.

_____ wrote the books The Tipping Point, Blink, and Outliers.

Malcolm Gladwell

Harrington Emerson

management consultant (advocate of specialized management roles, believing job spec. was as relevant to work as it was to hourly production)

Synergy refers to _____.

two or more subsystems working together to be more successful than working alone

Which of the following is a feature of scientific management?

It is concerned with improving the performance of individual workers.

One of the most critical challenges facing managers today is _____

an unpredictable economy that limits growth

Universal perspectives _____.

attempt to identify the one best way to do something

The contemporary field that focuses on behavioral perspectives on management is known as _____.

organizational behavior (current behavioral perspectives on management, known as organizational behavior, acknowledge human behavior in organizations is much more complex that human relationists realized)

Which approach in management acknowledges that human behavior is much more complex than the human relationists realized?

organizational behavior (human behavior is complex; interdisciplinary base of psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, medicine)

What is a theory?

A conceptual framework for organizing knowledge and providing a blueprint for action

Which is an assumption of Theory Y?

A person's potential is often underutilized.

How can managers use knowledge of theory and history in contemporary organizations?

As the basis for new, personal theories (ex. James Sinegal (cosco ceo) argued paying employes above market wages and cutting measures elsewhere was key ingredient to success; personal theory of competition)

Which of the following is a potential drawback to the quantitative management perspective?

Assumptions may not be realistic.

Which pioneer in management focused his attention on efficiencies of production?

Charles Babbage

Who is considered to be the originator of modern management theory and practice?

Charles Babbage

Which perspective consists of two distinct branches, scientific management and administrative management?

Classical management perspective

Which perspective suggests that universal theories cannot be applied to organizations because each organization is unique?

Contingency (each organiziation is unique)

Which of the following is a reason why quality is an important management challenge today?

Enhancing quality lowers cost (improving quality tends to increase productivity --> less waste and rework)

What is true regarding quality as a contemporary management challenge?

Enhancing quality lowers costs

Which of the following refers to a normal process leading to system decline?

Entropy

Who was one of the earliest advocates of scientific management?

Frederick Taylor

Which of the following was implemented by Owen? (17-1800s)

Higher minimum working age (higher minimum working age, meals for employees, reduced work hours) (recognized human as a resource)

Which of the following can be used to provide managers a sense of heritage and avoid the mistakes of others?

Historical context of management

Who is considered to be the key pioneer of industrial psychology because of his application of psychological concepts to industrial settings?

Hugo Münsterberg (1863-1916)

Which approach to management suggested that workers respond primarily to the social context of the workplace?

Human relations movement (grew from Hawthorne studies) (Hugo Munsterberg was the german psychologist who pioneered industrial psychology.)

What is a simplified representation of a system, process, or relationship?

Mathematical model

Which of the following influences patterns of work-related behavior and attitudes towards work?

Norms

Teresita is using break-even analysis to help the organization produce products most efficiently. What is Teresita using in this process?

Operations management (helping produce products more efficiently

What is a Theory X assumption?

People prefer to be directed and to avoid responsibility, and to want security (assume people have little ambition)

Who was one of the first to describe job specialization practices?

Plato

Whenever Jena's Juice introduces a new flavor, the company donates five cents for each unit sold to fund breast cancer research. Jena's Juice is responding to what contemporary management challenge?

Social responsibility

Which term refers to employees deliberately working at a pace slower than their capabilities?

Soldiering

Which of the following includes inputs, transformation processes, outputs, and feedback in a way that allows them to function as an interrelated set of elements?

System

Which of the following is an interrelated set of elements functioning as a whole?

System (provides important viewpoints, such as concepts of open system, subsystems, synergy, and entropy)

Which of the following is one of the key contributions of the classical management perspective?

The attention on management as a valid subject of scientific inquiry

Anke assumed that, like her, all of her students would want to earn the highest grades possible and that would motivate them to do their best work. She was surprised to discover that many students were happy to just "get by" with an average grade. However, when Anke demonstrated how extra effort on certain coursework could translate into experience that could lead to a better job after graduation, a number of "average" students began to work harder. Anke's experience is consistent with which view of management?

The contingency perspective

Raphael believes that a single set of rules should be applied to all employees in all situations, with no variation. Juan, on the other hand, feels that employees and situations are unique. Rules should either be written with options to apply to different situations, or, ideally, they should be flexible. Juan's position is best aligned with which view of management?

The contingency perspective

Zereth recently made a lateral move in the company and now oversees a new department. She mentioned to a friend that the management style she used in her former department is falling flat with her new staff. They do not seem to respond to the same sorts of incentives, and she is looking for new ways to motivate and encourage them. Zereth's experience is consistent with which view of management?

The contingency perspective

What is the premise of an integrated framework to approaches to management?

The units within an organization are interdependent.

Paramita believes that people naturally do not like work, and as a manager, she must control, direct, coerce, and even threaten her employees to get them to work toward the organization's goals. Paramita's management style is informed by which view within the behavioral management perspective?

Theory X

Which is a pessimistic and negative view of workers consistent with the views of scientific management, that claims people do not like work and try to avoid it?

Theory X

Hua believes that people view work as a natural part of their lives. As a manager, he feels that he can get the best out of his staff by creating an environment in which they will seek and accept responsibility and where they will receive personal rewards when they reach certain goals. Hua's management style is informed by which view within the behavioral management perspective?

Theory Y (do not naturally dislike work, internally motivated, commited to gaols to seek degree they recieve person rewards, accept responsibility under favorable conditions.)

What is generally true about management theories that are used to build organizations and guide them to their goals?

They are grounded in reality.

In an experiment on piecework, what did Mayo and his associates conclude?

Workers would rather be accepted by the group than make more money.

Managers at Ruth & Fishers Corp. recognize the value of history. The company maintains an extensive archival library of its old documents and records and has also employed a full-time corporate historian. This helps the managers _____.

avoid the mistakes of others

What is often at the center of debates on ethics and social responsibility?

corporate governance

Henry Gantt

developed techniques for impoving worker output

What is the term that describes differences among people?

diversity

Babbage

division of labor, application of mathematics to such problems as the efficient use of facilities and materials

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth developed several important strategies to _____.

eliminate inefficiency (brick laying; applied ideas to their family; movie cheaper by the dozen)

What might occur to an organization when it does not monitor feedback from its environment and make adjustments as needed?

entropy

Many brick-and-mortar stores are facing challenges from online sales companies. According to systems theory, a primary objective of management at these traditional companies would be to keep pace with these changes in the marketplace in order to avoid _____.

entropy (when an organization does not monitor feedback)

The availability of natural resources and the variation in government regulation are just two of the challenges posed by _____.

globalization (availability of natural resources, variation in government regulation)

Robert Owen, a British industrialist and reformer, recognized the importance of an organization's _____.

human resources (better working conditions, higher minimum wage, meals for employees, reduced working hours)

Geert runs a mid-sized agricultural company and is facing conditions of rapid growth and labor supply shortages. If Geert adopts the principles of behavioral management theory, he is most likely to address his immediate concerns using _____.

industrial psychology

Norms

influence pattern of work behavior and attitudes towards work; also affect nature of supervisory relationships, decision-making style and processes, and organizational configurations

The purchasing department at a printing business begins buying higher quality and more expensive paper. This leads to higher costs and cash flow problems identified by the finance department. Marketing notes that prices must be increased slightly, but that customer satisfaction improves, leading to more sales. According to the systems perspective, this scenario is an illustration of a subsystem with _____.

interdependence (a change in one subsystem can affect other subsystems as well)

Because operations management is less mathematical and statistically less sophisticated than management science, _____.

it can be applied more directly to managerial situations (helping produce its products or services more efficiently)

Aviva has mathematical models that she relies on at the start of each new project to determine how to allocate the resources within her department. Aviva is making use of _____.

management science (focuses on the development of mathematical models; simplified representation of a system, process, model or relationship; models, equations, etc)

Human relations movement

proposed wowrkers primarily respond to social context, including social conditioning, group norms, and interpersonal dynamics).

Supply chain management and enterprise resource planning are both management concepts that evolved from which management perspective and use of models to solve problems?

quantitative (supply chain management, enterprise resource planning evolved from quantitative; math models cannot account for individual behaviors and attitudes; some believe that the time needed to develop competence in quantitative techniques retards the development of other managerial skills)

Which type of management deals with improving the performance of individual employees?

scientific

Logan Chemicals has a long history of dumping waste in a local stream. Recently, it has made major efforts to reduce pollution in order to help clean up the environment. Logan Chemicals is responding to what contemporary management challenge?

social responsibility (pollution, clean environement, social causes, etc.)

DynaView produced a cartoon program that became extremely popular. DynaView went on to create toys and games based on the characters in the program, launch a breakfast cereal featuring the program's characters, and start a line of children's clothing. All of these separate divisions within DynaView benefit from the success of the others. In this situation, according to the systems perspective, DynaView is benefiting from _____.

synergy