MGMT 310 - SCOTT - TEST 1 (CH. 1-5)
Cost leadership
The organization identifies ways to produce a product or provide a service at a lower cost compared with competitors. This can help the organization increase its margin or sell the product or service at a cheaper price than competitors.
Focus or niche
The organization uses differentiation or cost leadership but identifies a narrow consumer base to appeal to a specific product or service type that might not be produced or sold by competitors
Kelsey is a unit clerk at the hospital. She is highly valued and appreciated for her organizational skills. She seems to know just how to keep the unit running smoothly by keeping things orderly and predictable. Kelsey's innate talent for organization is an example of ______.
an ability
Human resource information systems and electronic human resource management systems are usually integrated into a larger cross-functional data management system called ______.
an enterprise resource planning system
Hierarchy cultures
focus on controlling and value being efficient and timely, and consistent strategies that emphasize the efficiency of HRIS changes may offset concerns regarding the short-term challenges during the transition and training period.
Adhocracy cultures
focus on creating and emphasize being entrepreneurial and flexible, taking risks, and being creative, aggressive timelines may be feasible and even encouraged
A ______ is a database object that provides a user interface with which to enter, edit, and/or display data contained within a database.
form
From the following list, identify two steps in the human resource analytics scientific process. Choose one answer.
formulating a hypothesis and communicating the results
Company XYZ is creating a strategy to design, build, and sell a widget. While adhering to their mission, vision, and set of core values, two important aspects of their strategy are ______.
formulation and implementation
Shane provides human resource management job applicants a self-assessment to rate themselves on their ability to communicate effectively and manage relationships with colleagues. This is an attempt to assess the ______ competency cluster.
interpersonal competencies
The primary advantage of a well-designed enterprise resource planning system is ______.
its affordability
Steve is responsible for developing the pay and reward structures for jobs at his company. Which HR function forms the basis for his decision-making process?
job analyses
A janitor chats with office workers to determine how he can best support them by making their workspace better and lends a hand to the secretary to help move boxes of supplies when they are delivered. Even though these tasks are not in his job description, these tasks help him feel like he contributes to the team in a meaningful way. What is this janitor doing to increase his own job satisfaction?
job crafting
An important reason for understanding the legal side of diversity is to limit the organization's ______.
liability
When making a decision, if you answer "no" to the question "Would I be proud to have my course of action shared on the Internet or on the front page of the local newspaper?" it is likely that your decision does not have the ______ characteristic of good decision-making.
Is this decision ethical?
ADAAA provides a list of conditions that are always considered a disability and what is not
Is: HIV infection, cancer, bipolar disorder Is not: pedophilia, compulsive gambling, voyeurism, and exhibitionism
______ refers to data that are readily linked to specific individuals.
Personally identifiable data
Data visualization
Pictorial and graphic representations of quantitative or qualitative data
Anonymous data
Pieces of information that cannot be linked to any information that might identify an individual, thereby disclosing the individual's identity
Karen was on maternity leave from her position as a customer service representative, which paid salary and commissions. When she returned, she was assigned to reception duties without her commission. Which act protects Karen?
Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978
Scraping and crawling tools
Programs designed to scour and pull data from websites and other electronic sources in a systematic manner
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990
Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities who are able to perform the major functions of the job with or without accommodations. Applies to organizations with 15 or more employees.
Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) of 1978
Prohibits employers from discriminating against employees due to a pregnancy or related conditions.
Data security
Protective measures taken to prevent unauthorized access to employee data and to preserve the confidentiality and integrity of the data
Compensatory damages
Providing financial relief to the complainant for damages incurred, such as mental and emotional stress suffered as a result of discrimination
______ data are nonnumeric and include text or narrative data, such as interview transcripts or responses to open-ended survey questions.
Qualitative
Diversity
Real or perceived differences among people with respect to sex, race, ethnicity, age, physical and mental ability, sexual orientation, religion, and attributes that may affect their interactions with others
Job crafting
Redesigning one's own job to fit one's needs (e.g., abilities, interests, personality)
Other characteristics
Refers to personality traits such as extraversion or integrity
Ability
Relatively innate talent or aptitude (e.g., spatial relationships ability)
Job rotation
Rotating employees from one job to another, allowing them to learn new skills
Company XYZ examined its internal and external strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities to create a realistic strategy. What is this procedure called?
SWOT analysis
In job analysis, a ______ survey has subject matter experts indicate how important each of the KSAOs is to each job task. Any KSAOs that are not connected to any critical job tasks would be eliminated from the job analysis.
linkage
An employee identification number is a unique identifier sometimes called a ______.
linking variable
Gwendoline, a human resource manager, wants to determine why her company's core customers are going to other sources and buying similar products. Which analytical approach would be the best to use to answer her questions?
little data approach with limited amounts of data
Michelle works with the human resource information system vendor to identify and explain business processes. She notices this results in improved processes as they work through data flow diagrams. This design factor is called ______
logical design
Each column in a table that represents a unique characteristic is referred to as a ______, and each case in a table is a record.
variable
The Hawthorne Studies suggest that social processes, group norms, and ______ all play a role in work performance.
variety
Criticality survey
A more in-depth analysis of the criticality of tasks and KSAOs, in which larger groups of SMEs rate each task and KSAO in terms of how critical or essential it is
Stakeholders
A number of different groups that an organization must appeal to, including customers and investors
______ refers to those pieces of information that cannot be linked to any information that might link those responses to an individual, thereby disclosing the individual's identity.
Anonymous data
Descriptive analytics
Focuses on understanding what has already happened, which implies a focus on the past
Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures
Guidelines adopted by EEOC, the Department of Labor, and the Department of Justice, which outline how selection systems can be designed to comply with EEO laws
Central tenet of strategic HRM
HR practices and employees are company assets that add value not just cost
What do the lowest SDs indicate?
Higher agreement in the ratings given by the subject matter experts
Which data visualization is appropriate for a continuous variable?
Histogram
e-HRM
Internet-based information systems and technology that span across organizational levels
Executive orders
Presidential orders that carry the force of law
Tasks
The elements of a job analysis that are typically used to describe the job itself
At Nick's organization, everyone is treated equally and has a say in decisions. Leadership values the skills that each person brings to the work and appreciates everyone for who they. This is an example of ______.
an inclusive environment
The levels of a(n) ______ variable have meaning and order.
continuous
The _____ is the measure of central tendency.
mean
Punitive damages
Damages that are awarded if it is demonstrated that the company had engaged in reckless discrimination and failed to act in good faith
Number of "best practices" from the research on how to reduce the load on SMEs and to detect SMEs who are not taking the process seriously. These include
- providing incentives to SMEs who complete the surveys - breaking up task/KSAO surveys so that different groups of SMEs complete different parts of the survey -introducing "carelessness" items on the survey—that is, items such as bogus tasks that can detect which SMEs are being careless while completing the survey so that their data can be eliminated.
When it comes to changes to an HRIS, three specific groups are most likely impacted:
- those working in HR, who may have their work practices fundamentally altered - managers, who may have more access to information than ever before, which increases expectations of them - employees, who may be asked to engage in more self-service HR activities than in the past.
What is the p value conventional cutoff value?
0.05
Steps in HR Analytical Scientific Process
1. Identify the problem 2. Doing background research 3. Forming a hypothesis 4. Testing the hypothesis via experiment 5. Analyze data 6. Communicating the results
How does one begin to think through how to create the most effective data visualizations?
1. Understand the context. 2. Choose an appropriate visual display. 3. Keep things simple. 4. Focus attention where you want it. 5. Think like a designer. 6. Tell a persuasive story.
Most equal employment opportunity laws apply to companies with how many employees?
15 or more
Most equal employment opportunity laws apply to companies with how many employees? Select one:
15 or more
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 applies to people aged ______ and older.
40
Research shows that only about ______ of all decisions made within organizations are successful.
50%
Damaris attended a mandatory training at her company. At the end of the training, Damaris was tested on what she learned and did not pass the test. The company values honest feedback and coaching. Given the stated values of the company, what could you assume happened next?
Damaris was provided feedback and coached to master the necessary knowledge and skills.
People data
Data associated with various groups of humans that are associated with an organization, such as employees and other stakeholders
______ refers to individuals' control over the collection, storage, access, and reporting of their personal data.
Data privacy
Personally identifiable data
Data readily linked to specific individuals
Cybersecurity
Data security applied to information accessible through the Internet
______ refers to the software used to manage and maintain a database or multiple databases.
Database management system (DBMS)
What might you recommend to the organization to help correct data integrity of this data in order to produce clean data?
Decide how to handle "Yes, No" data as either "Yes, No" or "Y, N" Restrict Hire Date and Start Date fields to accept only calendar dates in MM/DD/YYYY format
Data-driven decisions
Decisions that are made based on the analysis and interpretation of relevant, accurate, and timely data
Data flow diagrams
Depict the logical design of how data move from one entity to the next and how data are processed within an information system
Position
Duties that can be carried out by one person
Transitional
Employees as critical assets to achieve strategic objectives
PESTLE analysis
Environmental scanning process (external) Analysis of the external political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors affecting a business
A cognitive task analysis focuses on the observable tasks for physical jobs.
False
A company can maintain its current organizational culture even as it experiences growth and globalization.
False
A factory where there is much focus on control and efficiency is an example of a clan culture.
False
A gig economy ensures the stability of consistent income and security of health-care benefits.
False
Applying one skill for a part of a larger project in a repetitious way leads to meaningfulness of work.
False
Enterprise resource planning systems are expensive and intended for larger companies.
False
Job analyses are always carried out from scratch.
False
Overreliance on the first piece of information given to us is called the availability bias.
False
There are only a couple minor legalities and best practices for organizations to consider about diversity.
False
Clan cultures
Collaboration oriented and are characterized by valuing being cohesive, people oriented, team players, and empowering employees, when implementing change and setting timelines, consider doing so after involving all affected internal stakeholders in the decision-making process
Which data visualization is appropriate for a categorical variable?
Column or bar chart
Storytelling with data
Communicating data in a manner that brings it to life for the audience with a focus on simplicity and ease of interpretation and comprehension
______ refer(s) to providing financial relief to the complainant for damages incurred, such as mental and emotional stress suffered as a result of discrimination.
Compensatory damages
The variable "pay" is a ______________ variable.
Continuous
Task/KSAO analysis
Focused on carefully defining the tasks that make up the job, as well as the KSAOs needed to do those tasks Steps: develop list of task, document, link task and KSAO's to document
Predictive analytics
Focuses on what is likely to happen in the future based on available data
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Forbids discrimination on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, or national origin in all areas of the employment relationship
Which calculations are appropriate for a categorical variable?
Frequency & Percentage
Florence refuses to answer a question on a job application about her family's medical history. The employer tells her that if she does not complete the application in its entirety, she will not be considered for the job. Which act covers Florence's claim of discrimination?
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) of 2008
______ environments are organizations or groups in which individuals, regardless of their background, are treated with dignity and respect, are included in decision-making, and valued for who they are and what they bring to the group or organization.
Inclusive
Data privacy
Individual's control over the collection, storage, access, and reporting of their personal data
Contingent employees
Individuals who are hired for a limited, fixed term such as a short-term contract or a project consulting contract. Workers: Job insecurity, wage theft, lower pay & higher poverty rates, decreased access to health benefits Employer: unclear cost efficiency
Confidential data
Information for which individuals' identities are known by the researchers due to the linking of a name or code but are not generally disclosed or reported
Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
Integrated business-management software intended to coordinate and integrate processes and data across different functional areas of a company, such as accounting, sales, human resource management, and finance
Quid pro quo harassment
Involves making employment decisions contingent on sexual favors
Kurt Lewins Change Model
Involves three steps: - unfreezing the current system and checking to see that individuals are ready for change - enacting the change - refreezing the new system in place so that it becomes the permanent replacement for the way things used to be done
Knowledge
Is generally something a person could learn from a book (e.g., knowledge of laws pertinent to the HR profession)
Skill
Is something an employee can learn how to do (e.g., skill in the use of fire equipment)
Decisions that lead to resource constraints including employee energy and burnout as well as financial constraints likely do not consider the ______ characteristic of good decision-making.
Is this course of action time and resource efficient?
While decisions should not be made based solely on past experiences, considering the ______ characteristic of good decision-making allows you to leverage what is possible to know to rule out alternative courses of action.
Is this decision based on evidence and data?
EEOC and OFCCP have specific expectations of businesses. At a minimum, there are precautions organizations need to adopt in order to remain on the right side of the law. These include:
- Training decision makers to understand their legal obligations are an essential first step in legal compliance. -Creating policies around legally protected areas, such as family and disability-related leave, harassment, and nonretaliation. - Meeting documentation requirements set by EEOC is important.
5 key areas for effective change champions to focus on during a change management process
- creating the case for change, - creating structural change, - engaging others in the process and building commitment, - implementing and sustaining change, and - facilitating and developing capability.
EEO Laws - What is it
- organizations with 15 or more employees - covers business, private employers, government agencies, employement agencies, and labor unions - aim to prevent discrimination - Individual contractor (Uber drivers for example) are not covered
______ refers to data that are large in volume, variety, and velocity.
Big data
Job Demands-Control Model (JDC)
This model emphasizes that employees experience stress when there are high job demands and little control over their job
Job Demands-Resources Model (JDR)
This model emphasizes that job demands, such as workload and time pressure, can be counteracted by characteristics such as job control, participation, and supervisor support
Disparate treatment
Treating different groups of applicants or employees differently because of their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
A job analysis may be viewed as threatening to employees.
True
An organization with more 35,000 employees is more likely to hire human resource specialists than a smaller company with only 100 employees.
True
Competency model and job analyses need to be both accurate and legally defensible.
True
Confronting one's own biases and becoming more aware of how hidden biases affect organizational decision-making is an essential first step in dealing with them.
True
Cornell University establishing the School of Industrial and Labor Relations as the first university program to focus on HRM issues was a key event in the ______ of the evolution of HRM.
World War II and Post-War Era
Is diversity beneficial for work and group environment?
You only get the benefits if you have inclusion. Not just about having people but valuing different people.
Occupational Information Network (O*NET)
a handy source of job analysis data about a range of occupations, and it can provide a useful start to the job analysis process.
Which is the best example of a job task?
bakes bread to deliver to restaurants
Traditionally, job analysis focused on the ______ tasks of a job.
observable
The p value is also referred to as the ______ level
alpha
Position Analysis Questionnaire
an "off-the-shelf" job analysis survey consisting of 195 generic statements describing what characteristics a worker needs to possess
A(n) ______ variable consists of multiple levels, but these levels do not have a particular order.
categorical
The variable "sex" is a ____________ variable.
Categorical
America is _____ bias.
Christianity
When managing change, understanding the reasons for resistance may help you lead your team to a positive outcome.
True
A discrimination lawsuit can cost an organization a lot of money in legal fees and penalties. Just as costly, a discrimination lawsuit damages the company's ______.
reputation
Chi-square test
A significance test used to determine if a linear relationship exists between two variables measured on interval or ratio scales. (more rigorous)
Gig
A single project or task that a worker is hired to do on demand
Business ethics
A system of principles that govern how business operates, how decisions are made, and how people are treated
Concept
A theoretical phenomenon or construct
Measure
A tool used to assess the levels of a theoretical concept, such as a survey used to assess employee engagement
Cognitive task analysis
A type of job analysis that focuses on cognitive tasks that may not be observable by others but could be described by an SME
Competency modeling
A type of job analysis with the goal of understanding what types of attributes and behaviors are required for a group of jobs, perhaps over an entire organization
Strategy
A well-devised and thoughtful plan for achieving an objective
Telecommuting
A work arrangement in which an employee is not physically at an office or other location but instead works a substantial amount of time away from the office
Flextime
A work arrangement in which workers can choose from a number of work schedules
The ______ framework suggests influence in an organization happens through who is attracted to join the organization,
A-S-A
Work flow analysis
A broad, organization-level focus on work within the organization and within organizational units and the input needed
Record
A case in a database
Competency
A cluster of knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) necessary to be effective at one's job
Field (variable)
A column in a table that represents a unique characteristic
Mission
A core need that an organization strives to fulfill and thus represents the organization's overarching purpose
Report
A database object that is used to organize, summarize, format, and present data residing in the database
Form
A database object that provides a user interface with which to enter, edit, and/or display data in a database
Table
A database object used to store data about cases and to add structure to the data
Blockchain
A distributed incorruptible digital technology infrastructure that maintains a fully encoded database that serves as a ledger where all transactions are recorded and stored
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP)
A division of the Department of Labor; monitors EEO compliance of federal contractors
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) of 2008
A federal law that prohibits organizations from discriminating against applicants or employees in employment decisions (and in health insurance) based on genetic information The law covers organizations with 15 and more employees
Strategy type
A general approach for how an organization will bring its mission, vision, and values to life
Job classification
A group of related duties within an organization
Scientific process
A method used for systematic and rigorous problem solving that is predicated on the assumption that knowledge requires evidence
Ability-motivation-opportunity model
A model that proposes a system of HR practices that influences employee outcomes and, ultimately, operational and functional outcomes to the extent that the practices target three different elements: ability to perform, motivation to perform, and opportunity to perform
Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)
A particular instance where a normally legally protected characteristic (such as age or gender) is an essential necessity of a job
HR generalist
A person who fulfills an HR generalist function attends to multiple HR functions
HR specialist
A person who fulfills an HR specialist function attends to all aspects of one specific HRM function
Query
A question that is posed to a database
Aarav, an Indian data analyst, is hired by ABC Company. ABC Company is predominantly made up of Caucasian and Asian employees. While Aarav appreciates the job and realizes that the company appreciates his skills, he still feels different and somewhat isolated. What is likely to happen early in Aarav's tenure given the situation and how he feels?
Aarav is likely to leave the company.
______ cultures focus on creating and emphasize being entrepreneurial, flexible, taking risks, and being creative.
Adhocracy
Job enrichment
Allowing workers to have greater decision-making power
Jack is 53-years-old and was in a car accident, hit his head, and now has issues with short-term memory that affects major life activities; however, if he writes things down he can perform his job functions without issues. His manager finds it frustrating that Jack needs to stop to write things down and changes the kind of work he is assigned. As a human resource professional, where would you turn to for information about how to support Jack?
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Reasonable accommodation
An accommodation provided to employees to help them perform their jobs that is reasonable given a firm's resources
Pretext
An excuse given for a decision that is not the real reason
Vision
An extension of an organization's mission that describes what the organization will look like or be at some point in the future
Two-step authentication (multifactor authentication)
An extra layer of security that requires an additional piece of information that only the user would know
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
An independent federal agency that ensures compliance with the law and provides outreach activities designed to prevent discrimination
Database
An organized collection of data that is both stored and accessed electronically
Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA)
Applies to employers with 20 or more workers The ADEA protects only individuals 40 years of age or older and only applies in cases where old age is used as a rationale to exclude an individual from opportunities.
Software as a service (SaaS)
Arrangements through which software and hardware associated with databases and applications are maintained and controlled by a third-party entity
Organizational culture
Assumptions shared by organization members, which affect their actions, thoughts, and perceptions
Prima facie evidence
At first glance, or preliminary evidence
______ bias is the tendency to rely more on information that is readily available to us and thus we discount alternative information.
Availability
Hostile work environment
Behavior that contributes to an environment a reasonable person would find offensive - plaintiff has to be member of protected class - subjected to harassement - harassement due to class - employer knew or should have know of harrassment
Bill believes that he has been discriminated against due to being a differently abled person. He contacts the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and is told that the equal opportunity laws do not apply to him. The company that pays him exercises very little control over the work he does. What could be the reason?
Bill is an independent contractor
High-performance work practices
Bundles of HR universal best practices, such as promoting within the organization and offering training
______ is a system of principles that govern how a business operates, how decisions are made, and how people are treated.
Business ethics
Job descriptions
Job descriptions provide the title and purpose of the job, as well as a general overview of the essential tasks, duties, and responsibilities (i.e., observable actions) associated with the job
Job specifications
Job specifications focus on the characteristics of an employee who does the job
Marginal functions
Job tasks or goals that can be assigned to others
Essential functions
Job tasks or goals that every incumbent needs to perform
Big data
Large amounts of unstructured, messy, and sometimes quickly streaming data, which can be described in terms of volume, variety, velocity, and veracity
Before the ______, pay discrimination claims had to be filed within 180 days of the discriminatory act. Now, the 180-day clock restarts with each paycheck, allowing employees to file a claim after they find out that discrimination occurred.
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
______ cultures are characterized by competition and value being aggressive, competitive, and customer-oriented.
Market
Which calculations are appropriate for a continuous variable?
Mean & Standard deviation (SD)
______, put forth in 1965, states the capacity of computer chips would double roughly every 2 years at around the same cost.
Moore's law
What does a low mean and a high SD tell us?
Most SMEs rate the task as less critical and Greater disagreement among the SME ratings
What does a low mean and a low SD tell us?
Most SMEs rate the task as less critical and Low disagreement among the SME ratings
What does a high mean and a high SD tell us?
Most SMEs rate the task as more critical and Greater disagreement among the SME ratings
What does a high mean and a low SD tell us?
Most SMEs rate the task as more critical and Low disagreement among the SME ratings
Qualitative data
Non-numeric information that includes text or narrative data, such as interview transcripts
Quantitative data
Numeric data that can be counted or measured in some way
The ______, a division of Department of Labor, monitors EEO compliance of federal contractors.
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
Which of these is an example of a glass ceiling?
Only a handful of large multinational corporations are run by CEOs of Hispanic descent.
Market culture
Organizations are characterized by competition and as being aggressive, competitive, and customer oriented
Clan culture
Organizations are collaboration and people oriented and value cohesion, employee empowerment, and team players
Adhocracy culture
Organizations are creation-focused and emphasize entrepreneurship, flexibility, risk taking, and creativity
Hierarchy culture
Organizations focus on control and value being efficient, timely, and consistent
Inclusive environments
Organizations or groups in which individuals, regardless of their background, are treated with dignity and respect, are included in decision making, and are valued for who they are and what they bring to the group or organization
Kathleen, a human resource manager, believes all nurse educators should be nurses rather than professional trainers. She discusses her belief with the Director of Nursing for confirmation, even though the Director of Training has explained that professional trainers can provide the required trainings assigned to the opened position. This is an example of ______ bias.
Overconfidence
Stereotypes
Overly simplified and generalized assumptions about a particular group that may not reflect reality
Values
Parameters and guidelines for decision making that help an organization realize its vision
Equitable relief
Payments made to a plaintiff to bring them back to the position they would have had if they were not discriminated against
Subject matter experts (SMEs)
People (e.g., employees, supervisors) who provide information about the job
After company XYZ finalizes its strategy formulation, the next step of the process is to start the ______ part of the process.
strategy implementation
HR business partner
Someone who serves as a consultant to management on HR-related issues
Unfreezing
Step 1 in the Lewin model of change, which refers to the process of unfreezing the current system and checking to see that individuals are ready for change
A ______ is a simplified and generalized assumption about a particular group?
Stereotype
Unconscious (or implicit) bias
Stereotypes individuals hold that reside beyond their conscious awareness
Data lake
Stores a vast amount of raw data in its native (and often unstructured) format
In the ______, the idea that specific competencies can be identified for effectiveness and that data can help individuals within organizations be more effective became more commonplace.
Strategic and Technology HR and Competencies and Analytics Eras
Little data
Structured data that are gathered in small volumes, usually for a previously planned purpose
Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS)
Systems used to collect, store, manage, analyze, retrieve, and report HR data and allow for the automation of some HR management functions
Retaliate
Taking adverse action against an employee who complains about discrimination or files a discrimination claim
______ are the elements of a job analysis which are typically used to describe the job itself.
Task
Physical design
The actual software and hardware solutions used to translate business processes into an actual information system
Job enlargement
The addition of more responsibilities to a job so that it is less boring and more motivating for workers
Human resource management (HRM)
The decisions and actions associated with managing individuals throughout the employee life cycle to maximize employee and organization effectiveness
Strategy implementation
The enactment of a strategic plan
Balanced scorecard
The evaluation of organizational performance based on the extent to which the organization satisfies different stakeholder needs, such as the needs of: customers investors shareholders employees broader community
Organizational performance
The extent to which employee learning and growth, internal business process efficiency, customer attitudes and behavior, and financial performance contribute to the organization's mission and strategy
Job Characteristics Model (JCM)
The first complete model of job design, explaining which job characteristics are the most important to increasing worker motivation and productivity
Which of the following is an example of availability bias?
The human resource manager hires someone because she is a recent graduate from a university that other successful hires have come from.
Which of the following is an example of anchoring bias?
The human resource manager is looking for a replacement for an excellent former employee, so she compares all potential hires to that employee.
Which of the following is an example of overconfidence bias?
The human resource manager's gut instinct tells him a potential hire is not right, so he looks for evidence to confirm his suspicion.
Human capital
The knowledge, skills, and abilities that people embody across an organization
Benchmarking
The measurement of the quality of an organization's practices in comparison with those of a peer organization
Differentiation
The organization creates a product or service that is different from competitors' products or services and thus warrants a higher price or more attention from consumers
With the additional responsibilities of being a change agent and strategic business partner, the modern HR function now faces greater pressure to make sound and impactful decisions.
True
Gig economy
The prevalence of temporary employment positions, where individuals are employed as independent workers instead of actual employees of an organization
Strategic human resource management
The process of aligning HR policies and practices with the objectives of the organization, including employee, operational, stakeholder, and financial outcomes Purpose is to help organizations realize its strategy and objectives through the deployment of its HR capabilities
A-S-A framework
The process of attraction, selection, and attrition that defines an organization's culture
Job design
The process of identifying how a job's characteristics are experienced from the employee's perspective in order to enhance well-being and performance
Strategy formulation
The process of planning what to do to achieve organizational objectives
Change
The second step in the Lewin model of change, this refers to enacting the change
Database management system (DBMS)
The software used to manage and maintain a database or multiple databases
Relational database management system (relational DBMS)
The software used to manage and maintain a relational database
Overconfidence bias
The tendency for an individual to be more confident in their own beliefs than reality would suggest
Availability bias
The tendency to rely more on information that is more readily available than alternative information
Anchoring bias
The tendency when making a judgment to rely on the first piece of information that one receives
Similarity-attraction hypothesis
The theory that individuals prefer others who are similar to them
Refreezing
The third and final step in the Lewin change model, this step refers to refreezing the new system in place so that it becomes the permanent replacement for the way things used to be done
Logical design
The translation of business requirements into improved business processes
Systems perspective
The view of how all pieces of a system and its subsystems fit together
Due to large amounts of people data collected, it is essential to think critically, ethically, and legally about how large volumes of data about individuals are stored.
True
Employee start dates are an example of structured data that are stored in a database.
True
Employing people who are valued, highly supported, and engaged promotes company success
True
Enhancing job characteristics leads to improved organization outcomes.
True
Everyone in a business organization is involved in human resource management.
True
Just because you have a valid test does not mean it wasn't discriminatory.
True
Research shows companies that have an easy and useful HRIS report higher employee job satisfaction. Select one: True False
True
Competency Modeling
Usually broad enough that they can describe a range of jobs within an organization and do so across multiple levels. It also considers future job requirements. Often directly related to organizational strategies: They identify differences in the ways that competencies are manifested across different job levels.
Disparate (or adverse) impact
When employers use seemingly neutral criteria that have a discriminatory effect on a protected group - equitable relief only
Class action lawsuit
When individuals who have similar claims sue as a group
Linkage survey
Where sample of SMEs would be asked to indicate how important each of the KSAOs is to each job task
Jackie, a human resource professional, needs to decide on the knowledge and skills that an applicant must possess for a specific position. What does she do to decide?
a job analysis
Throughout Jason's career, human resource professionals expect that his job will evolve and change as his industry rapidly changes. Consequently, it is likely that Jason's company replaces a job analysis with ______.
a work analysis
If the human resource department at company XYZ gathers information about the qualifications of its employees, what element of the ability-motivation-opportunity model are they utilizing?
ability
When an HRIS is implemented, many things change that impact employees. These may include changes in procedures, job descriptions, and ______.
access to information
Joe is a project manager for a start-up company. The team is working to design a line of products and needs to move quickly to meet deadlines. Joe notices that the team leads are willing to take risks and think creatively "outside of the box" when barriers arise. There is an expectation for people to adapt quickly to change, understanding that the entrepreneurial spirit of a start-up requires flexibility. Joe works in a(n) ______ culture.
adhocracy
Change is more likely to be successful in a clan culture after ______.
all internal stakeholders have been included
The p value is also referred to as the ___ level
alpha
Malcolm, a human resource manager, hears that an internal applicant for an open position calls out sick frequently. During an interview, the applicant explains that a recent issue in her current position was absences related to recovering from pneumonia but that she is better now. Malcolm worries frequent call outs will be an issue if he moves this applicant into a new position. This is an example of ______ bias.
anchoring
When data are collected in a way that cannot be linked to an individual's identity, it is called ______.
anonymous
Suzanne, a human resource manager, interviews Carol. Carol shares that she currently works at ABC Hospital. Suzanne has hired others from ABC Hospital before, and they have performed well. She decides to hire Carol instead of another equally qualified applicant from an unknown hospital based on her past experience hiring from ABC Hospital. This is an example of ______ bias.
availability
The ______ involves the evaluation of organizational performance based on the extent to which the organization satisfies different stakeholder needs.
balanced scorecard
Most gigs do not offer ______.
benefits
In competency modeling, linking the model to organizational goals and objectives is considered ______.
best practice
When building a regression model, it is best to consider all necessary predictor variables to explain your outcome and omit irrelevant variables. If some important variables are left out of the human resource analytics model, a ______ model may be created resulting in an overly subjective, incomplete result.
biased
Data that are collected that usually do not have a previously planned purpose is what type of data?
big data
A(n) ______ is an essential necessity of the job and can be used to select employees based on the protected characteristics.
bona fide occupational qualification
An employer may present two kinds of evidence as a defense in a discrimination case. One defense is to show that there was a nondiscriminatory reason for the adverse action against an employee or applicant. The second defense an employer may use in a discrimination case is called ______.
bona fide occupational qualification
HR analytics
can provide evidence supporting the links among HR systems, policies, and practices and employee, operational, stakeholder, and financial outcomes
During the implementation of a major change, such as introduction of an HRIS, you may need to reassess and alter plans for successful outcomes. This is part of effective ______.
change management
Jill works in the marketing division of her company. There is emphasis on team work and she is empowered to reach out to internal business partners for collaboration. Jill feels she is part of a cohesive group and enjoys working on a team where people matter. Jill works in a(n) ______ culture.
clan
A ______ is a cluster of knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) necessary to be effective at one's job.
competency
An organization's attempt to understand the attributes and behaviors required for a group of jobs is called ______.
competency modeling
An organization that increases sales as a result of using data analytics is an example of how analytics contributes to ______.
competitive advantage
Luis enjoys a variety of projects and engages in short-term contract work with companies. Luis is considered a ______.
contingent worker
Company XYZ created a set of protocols to guide the company to bring its vision to reality. What is this set of protocols called?
core values
A ______ is a number that conveys two important pieces of information: sign and magnitude.
correlation coefficient
A technique that involves talking with subject matter experts about critical situations that happen on the job is called the ______.
critical incidents technique
n this context, a higher mean indicates higher collective ____ ratings by SMEs. (no abbreviations)
criticality
A large, all-purpose law firm collects a lot of unstructured data in many different formats. Some of the data include photos, videos, and e-mails. Where could a user opt to store these data?
data lake
Company XYZ is collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data by using human resource information systems and human resource analytics to achieve strategic objectives. This is an example of ______.
data-driven decisions
Tammi manages employee training recordings, which include information such as the name of the training, completion date, and test scores. As part of the human resource data management plan, this information is stored in a ______.
database
An applicant tracking system is an example of a ______.
database management system
Ultimately, HRM is about "people decisions," which means ______.
decisions made about people
What is the first step in a task-KSAO analysis?
determine a list of tasks as well as the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics that are needed to complete them
ABC Company avoids hiring young women when possible because they are more likely to go out on maternity leave than older women. This is an example of ______.
disparate treatment
When creating data visualizations, removing clutter and focusing on your main points in the most efficient and succinct manner makes it easier for your audience to focus because you are minimizing the energy they need to process the new information. This applies to ______ point about creating data visualizations.
focus attention where you want it
______refers to real or perceived differences among people with respect to sex, race, ethnicity, age, physical and mental ability, sexual orientation, religion, and attributes that may affect their interactions with others.
diversity
Most companies shy away from Affirmative Action Plans due to their unpopularity based on myths about quotas and hiring people who are less qualified because they are part of an underrepresented group. Instead, most companies prefer to focus on ______.
diversity and inclusion
The concept of a human resource information system can be nested within the broader concept of ______, which refers to Internet-based information systems and technology that span across organizational levels.
e-HRM
Transactional
employees as an expense
A stereotype that someone is aware of is a(n) ______.
explicit belief
Before you can file a lawsuit you need to _____.
file with EEOC first and within a certain time frame (90 days)
Greta, a human resource professional, describes to applicants the opportunity to choose from several different work schedules. This is an example of ______.
flextime
Higher standard deviation indicates ___________.
greater disagreement in SME ratings.
Higher mean value indicates _____________.
higher collective criticality ratings by SMEs and
Some organizations may not have the skill set to select and implement a human resource information system. Without the internal talent to lead this type project, what is their best option?
hire a consultant
Carlena, a human resource professional, uses performance evaluation data to align employee strengths with jobs. What is this an example of?
how data can be used to manage talent
A rigorous approach to attracting, motivating, and retaining talented people that are crucial for realizing strategic objectives and achieving a competitive advantage is known as ______.
human resource analytics
Elaine serves as a consultant about human resource matters to various areas of the business at her company. She works closely with business areas to help align business objectives with employees and management. She also helps to address small concerns before they become large concerns. What job title does Elaine's job description support?
human resource business manager
The second most frequently advertised job in human resource management is _____.
human resource business partner
An ______ refers to a system used to acquire, store, manipulate, analyze, retrieve, and distribute pertinent information about an organization's human resources, and the concept of HRIS can be nested within the broader concept of e-HRM.
human resource information system (HRIS)
Which is the first step in the scientific process?
identifying the problem
During strategy ______, an organization follows through on its strategic plan.
implementation
The leadership where Ahmed works understands that to remain relevant, they need to depend on everyone's ideas for contrivance. Diversity helps bring together many different experiences and viewpoints to create ______ ideas.
innovative
The ______ is a measure of central tendency. (no abbreviations)
mean
The organization Doctors Without Borders believes all people deserve a right to medical care and that medicine must remain neutral toward politics, race, religion, and the other beliefs of a person. Which of the following best describes the above statement?
mission
When a company or organization expresses its primary purpose for doing business, this is called its ______.
mission
If company XYZ observes a drop in performance following a human resource management decision to eliminate a Friday free lunch for the employees, then this would be an example of a lack of ______ to perform.
motivation
When the human resource department collects data on its employees about how they perform and what they do on the job, this is an example of what element of the ability-motivation-opportunity model?
motivation
Michelle is in charge of deciding if her company should implement a human resource information system. She begins analyzing what currently exists, what should change, and what factors might hinder success. What is Michelle doing?
needs assessment
As a human resource professional, when conducting a job analysis, it may be necessary to ______ people who perform technical jobs in addition to interviewing them.
observe
SWOT analysis
strengths, weaknesses (internal), opportunities, threats (external)
The balanced scorecard approach illustrates the value of an ______________.
organization differentiating its human resources relative to competitors to gain a competitive advantage.
Using the balanced scorecard approach, ______ is conceptualized as the extent to which employee learning and growth, internal business process efficiency, customer attitudes and behavior, and financial performance contribute to the organization's mission and strategy.
organizational performance
Julie's social personality and friendly demeanor stood out in the interview process for the position of activity director at a nursing home. When considering knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics, what is Julie's bubbly personality considered?
other characteristic
Using evidence to hire talented people can ultimately lead to better organizational ______ such as productivity and innovation.
outcomes
HR Managers
plan, direct, and coordinate the administrative functions of an organization. They oversee the recruiting, interviewing, and hiring of new staff; consult with top executives on strategic planning; and serve as a link between an organization's management and its employees.
In the hospital where Sue works, there is a job classification of "nurse." There are many individuals, however, who hold various types of nursing ______ within the hospital, such as pediatric nurse, intensive care nurse, and medical-surgical nurse.
positions
Annalise applied for a job. During the interview, she was asked when she planned to have children and how her husband would feel about her working long hours. She was rejected despite being qualified, and a man with less qualifications was hired. It appears Annalise has a ______ case for discrimination.
prima facie
In an employment discrimination case, the employee must first establish a prima facie case that the employer's action was discriminatory. Then, the burden of proof shifts to the employer to establish that there was a nondiscriminatory reason for the action. Once this has been established, the burden of proof falls back to the employee to demonstrate that the employer's reason for the action was a ______ and not the real reason.
prima facie
When designing a human resource information system, budgets and time frames are examples of ______.
project parameters
Which of these is an example of how good data management can be helpful to a human resource professional?
projecting retirement statistics for the workforce
Seth, a human resource manager, wants to ensure that his team and the hiring managers at the company comply with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's regulations. What is the first step he should take?
provide training about legal obligations
Which type of data is numeric and can be counted or measured?
quantitative
HR Specialists
recruit, screen, interview, and place workers. They often handle other human resources work, such as those related to employee relations, compensation and benefits, and training.
The software used to manage and maintain a relational database is referred to as a ___________.
relational database management system (relational DBMS)
A ______ is used to organize, summarize, format, and present data residing in a database.
report
When choosing subject matter experts, it is critical to choose a ______ of the employees for the particular job being analyzed.
representative sample
When choosing SME's, you want to choose _______.
representative samples
Filling out an application is part of the human resource management ______ function.
selection
Your stakeholders are not necessarily your ________.
shareholder
Jane is a 35-year-old Caucasian woman. On her first day at a new job, she chooses to sit with a group of Caucasian female colleagues around her same age at lunch. This is an example of ______.
similarity-attraction
Testing the blood sugar of a patient is an example of a learned ______.
skill
A ______ occurs when a correlation is found between two variables that are not directly related but that may share a common cause.
spurious correlation
The _______ represents how dispersed or spread out the values are around the mean.
standard devation
In this context, a higher __________ indicates greater disagreement in SME ratings. (no abbreviations)
standard deviation
The ______ represents how dispersed or spread out the values are around the mean. (no abbreviations)
standard deviation
Jacqueline is overlooked for an engineer position based on the hiring manager's belief that engineers are men. This is an example of ______.
stereotype
Tom hears all the time from his human resource director about the value of data, but as the CEO he prefers to go with his gut when it comes to making decisions. His human resource director knows that to convince Tom about the value of using data analytics he must connect the data to ______.
strategic objectives
A ______ type provides a general approach for how an organization will bring its mission, vision, and values to life, while at the same time leveraging its strengths and improving its weaknesses.
strategy
Having little control over one's job increases ______.
stress
Carl, a human resource professional, seeks out Joe while completing a job analysis to learn about what his position entails. Joe was recommended by his supervisor as someone who is highly knowledgeable and skilled and able to give unique information about the job. Joe is considered a ______.
subject matter expert
Candace, an executive at the company where Carl works as a human resource professional, is ready to retire. Carl has been working with Candace to identify employees who are qualified to replace her. This process is called ______.
succession planning
Taking a(n) ______ means considering how all of the pieces of the HR puzzle fit together, and how any misalignment can be addressed to optimize the overall system of HR practices.
systems perspective
A ______ is a database object used to store data about cases (i.e., entities) and to add structure to the data.
table
According to the ______ rule, one group's selection ratio may not be less than 80% of the majority group's ratio.
the 4/5ths rule
Who should an employee call if their company does not respond to a complaint about discrimination?
the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
As a human resource professional, it is important to know that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission views protection against gender identity and sexual orientation discrimination as part of ______, even if the U.S. Department of Justice does not endorse this view.
the Title VII's sex discrimination clause
Martha is developing a set of interview questions for hiring new employees to a customer service position. She wants to ask questions that elicit information about how an applicant would respond in a difficult, real-life scenario that is common on the job. Which of these should she use when writing these interview questions?
the critical incidents technique
When completing a workflow analysis, starting with ______ is recommended.
the desired outcome
In a discrimination case, once prima facie evidence has been established, the burden of proof is on ______.
the employer
Organizational culture is ______.
the shared assumptions about an organization
A strong human resource team has a people analyst that is able to interpret data through the lens of human behavior, cognition, and emotion. This is an example of what competency?
theory
Aside from educational differences among HR analysts, what matters most is that an HR analytics team, as a whole, is competent in the following seven areas:
theory, business, data management, measurement, data analysis, employment law, and ethics
Each year, Peter's team conducts a count of all full-time and part-time employees for each major job category and breaks the count down by ethnicity, race, and sex. What is the purpose in relation to meeting the expectations of the EEOC and OFCCP?
to file an EEO-1 report
Given the projected growth rate of 9% for human resource management jobs over the next decade, this field is considered ______.
to have a positive job outlook with solid career opportunities
In the ______ step of Kurt Lewin's model of change, the organization checks on whether individuals are ready for change.
unfreezing
In the 1940s, Kurt Lewin developed a model for implementing new systems that involves what three steps?
unfreezing, change, refreezing
Company ABC takes great pride in the fact that the average years of employment per employee is 14 years. Some factors for this are job security, promoting from within, competitive pay and benefits, and employee appreciation events. These factors are examples of ______.
universal best practices
