MGMT 310A Exam 2 Review Chapter 7

moral judgement

the process individuals use to determine whether a particular path is ethical/ unethical - cognitive moral development can play a role, as can moral principles

disposition based trust

meaning that one's personality includes a general propensity to trust others (faith in human nature, "blind trust")

Ethics

the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms and can be used to explain why authorities choose to act in a trustworthy manner

Justice

the perceived fairness of an authority's decision making and can be used to explain why employees judge some authorities as more trurstworthy than others

what are the different dimensions of corporate social responsibility?

- legal component - ethical component - citizenship component

what are the stages of Kohlberg's moral development? how do they affect moral behavior and the justifications people provide for their moral behavior?

- preconventional: right and wrong determined by potential consequences a person will incur - conventional: right and wrong determined by the expectations of a society and a person's family - postconventional: right and wrong determined by a set of established moral principles; only 20% of people reach this stage

how can trust affect different types of exchange relationships that employees have with their supervisor?

- social (open-ended and long-term/ mutual investment) - economic (contractual agreements fulfilling duties)

what factors influence individuals' perceptions of disposition-based trust?

- trust propensity: expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon - often shaped by childhood experiences and further altered through adulthood

3 characteristics of cognitive ability

1. ability: skills, competencies, expertise 2. benevolence: mentor-protege relationships, authority wants to do good for the trustor 3. integrity: authority wants too adhere to moral values

3 sources trust can be rooted

1. disposition based 2. affect based 3. cognitive based

what are the 4 types of justice?

1. distributive 2. procedural 3. interpersonal 4. informative

what is the 4 component model of ethical decision making (in order)?

1. moral awareness 2. moral judgement 3. moral intent 4. ethical behavior

moral awareness

authority recognizes that a moral issue exists in a situation/ ethical code is relevant. depends on moral attentiveness and moral intensity

moral intent

authority's degree of commitment to the moral course of action; can be influenced by 'bad barrels' or economic concerns

ethical culture

culture of an organization can endorse doing unethical things, "bad barrels"

moral identity

degree to which a person identifies as being a moral person; "good apple"

how do perceptions of trust in relationships evolve over time - which is likely to develop first, second, and last?

first: disposition based (new relationships) second: cognitive based (most relationships) last: affect based (few relationships)

corporate social responsibility legal component

follows society's laws since they signify what is viewed as 'right' or 'wrong'; speaks to integrity of the organization

how to procedural and distributive justice combine to influence reactions to an authority figure?

for employees, the decision making process is more important than the process

what do we mean by "bad apples" and "bad barrels" in ethics? How about "good apples and "good barrels"?

good vs bad apples are individual factors good vs bad barrels are situational factors

what is radical candor? what do managers need to do to achieve it?

how to get what you want by saying what you mean

how does the enforcement of codes of conduct affect unethical behavior?

one of the strongest predictors of unethical behavior, nut only worked for people high on conscientiousness whereas low-conscientiousness participants actually engaged in more unethical behavior when odes were strongly enforced

corporate social responsibility ethical component

organizations have an obligation to do what is right, just and fair to avoid harm; speaks to benevolence and integrity of the organization

corporate social responsibility citizenship component

organizations should contribute resources to improve the quality of life in the communities they work in; environmental sustainability; charitable work and volunteering

distributive justice

perceived fairness of decision making outcomes, occurs when equity rule is satisfied or when the ratio of inputs to outcomes is equal

procedural justice

perceived fairness of decision making, or the fairness of the procedures used to determine the outcomes 6 key components: voice, correctability, consistency, bias suppression, representativeness, accuracy

informational justice

perceived fairness of the communication provided to employees from authorities 2 guiding rules: justification & truthfulness

interpersonal justice

perceived treatment of the treatment received by employees from individuals in authority positions 2 guiding rules: respect & authority

affect based trust

rooted in feelings toward the authority that go beyond any rational assessment of trustworthiness

cognitive based trust

rooted in rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness 3 characteristics: ability, benevolence, integrity

Trust

the willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based positive expectations about the authority's actions and intensities

how does trust affect job performance and organizational commitment?

trust has a moderate positive effect on performance and a strong positive effect on commitment (high on affective and normative, no continuance)

what are the 3 main categories of ethical behavior?

unethical merely ethical especially ethical