MGMT 3143 Ch.4
The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service was created by the Taft-Hartley Act to provide mandatory mediation in private sector labor disputes over contract negotiations.
False
The Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 was passed in response to the widespread abuses of power by labor leaders of virtually every national union in the country.
False
The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 was declared unconstitutional because the protection of labor unions provided by the Act was detrimental to business.
False
The Railway Labor Act could be described as a substantive, rather than as a procedural law, in that it allows the government to dictate certain outcomes of negotiations and grievance processes.
False
The Taft-Hartley Act makes it illegal for workers (or their unions) to engage in boycotts.
False
The Taft-Hartley Act provides unionization rights to supervisors.
False
The Wagner Act (or NLRA) is partially based on the assumption that individual workers and management are equals in the bargaining process.
False
The concept of exclusive representation was introduced into the Wagner Act (NLRA) primarily to ensure that multiple unions did not fight over the right to represent the same group of employees.
False
The conspiracy doctrine holds that individual attempts to influence wages and working conditions are a threat to the free market system and therefore an illegal conspiracy against the government.
False
The employment-at-will doctrine states that employers have the right to fire employees and employees have the right to quit for any reason and at any time.
True
The fact that U.S. labor law has remained largely unchanged since the Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 is evidence that there is little need or desire for reform.
True
The right-to-work provision in Taft-Hartley allows states to pass laws that prohibit unions and management from negotiating union or agency shop agreements.
True
The use of injunctions to stop or limit picketing during strikes had a significant and negative impact on unionization by turning public support away from unions and demoralizing strikers.
True
U.S. labor law seeks to find a balance between the property rights of company owners and the labor rights of workers.
True
Under the Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932, courts were explicitly prohibited from interfering with peaceful union activities, yellow dog contracts became unenforceable, and the conspiracy doctrine was effectively overturned.
True
Unions are required by the Landrum-Griffin Act to disclose the amount of money they spend on political lobbying.
True
While case law surrounding labor relations issues is relatively dynamic, actual statutory laws (e.g., NLRA, Landrum-Griffin) have changed little since they were originally passed.
True
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 explicitly states that unions are: A. Conspiracies B. Monopolies C. Illegal D. None of the above
D
According to Samuel Gompers and the AFL, the right to unionize, strike, and boycott stemmed from: A. Individual liberty and freedom. B. Property rights. C. Rights granted to incorporated organizations. D. Legal precedent.
A
An injunction is: A. A court-ordered restraint on action to prevent harm or damage to someone else. B. A charge of conspiracy against the government. C. The right of an employer to fire any employee, at any time. D. A rule that prohibits union organizing.
A
In addition to setting standards for union democracy and finances, the Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 did all of the following except: A. Guaranteed certain rights of permanently replaced strikers for up to 2 years. B. Restricted picketing for union recognition. C. Outlawed hot cargo agreements. D. Required unions to disclose financial information to the government.
A
Injunctions were applied: A. To stop unions from organizing workers where yellow dog contracts were in place. B. To stop workers from signing yellow dog contracts. C. To stop management from signing yellow dog contracts. D. To stop management from interfering with unions that had signed yellow dog contracts.
A
The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service: A. Provides voluntary mediation to parties involved in a labor dispute. B. Investigates unfair labor practices. C. Issues mandatory settlement agreements in case of a labor dispute. D. Creates rules and regulations for settling labor disputes.
A
The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 was declared unconstitutional because: A. It granted presidents too much authority and control over codes of fair competition. B. It granted unionization rights to workers that were contrary to civil liberties. C. It encouraged workers to engage in aggressive unionization tactics. D. It did not grant employers the same rights as workers.
A
The Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932 protected unionization by: A. Limiting the ability of courts to interfere in union organizing activities. B. Granting the courts the right to issue injunctions against employers who interfered with union organizing activities. C. Defining unfair labor practices of employers. D. Creating a Mediation Board to help settle disputes between labor and management.
A
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was passed to: A. Break up monopolies and trusts that had come to dominate entire industries toward the end of the 1800s. B. Break up increasingly powerful national unions that were forming toward the end of the 1800s. C. Discourage unions and management from placing too much trust in the promises they made to each other. D. Legalize yellow dog contracts.
A
Which of the following is outlawed under the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947? A. Closed shop agreements. B. Union shop agreements. C. Agency shop agreements. D. Open shop agreements.
A
Which of the following statements is true: A. Common law is a body of laws based on customs, traditions, and judicial precedent rather than on legislative statute. B. Common law and business law are essentially the same concepts. C. Labor law and employment law are essentially the same concepts. D. Statutory law is a body of laws based on customs, traditions, and legislative statute.
A
Which of the following statements regarding the NLRB is not true? A. The adjudicating office is responsible for conducting workplace inspections for NLRA violations. B. The general counsel's office conducts representation elections. C. The general counsel's office investigates and prosecutes unfair labor practices. D. The adjudicating office hears and decides cases where disputes arise.
A
Public sector unionization rights were established at approximately the same time as private sector unionization rights.
False
Spying on union representatives or employees who are attempting to unionize is a violation of Section 8(a)(3) of the Wagner Act (NLRA).
False
A union contract provision that requires employees to join the union after a certain amount of time on the job is known as a: A. Closed shop clause. B. Union shop clause. C. Agency shop clause. D. Open shop clause.
B
A yellow dog contract is A. A promise by a worker to join a union B. A promise by a worker not to join or support a union C. A secondary boycott against an employer because they have violated a contract D. A cease and desist order from the court
B
Between 1880 and 1930, injunctions were commonly used for all of the following except to stop, limit, or prohibit: A. Picketing during strikes. B. The use of yellow dog contracts. C. Employees from striking. D. Employees from unionizing.
B
In recent years, public sector bargaining laws have: A. Been strengthened by giving public sector workers the ability to strike. B. Been weakened by taking away or severely restricting collective bargaining rights for public sector workers. C. Been strengthened as more and more states pass legislation protecting public sector workers' rights to strike. D. Been weakened by adding strict financial disclosing requirements for public sector unions.
B
In response to illegal or unethical behaviors of local union officials, the Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 allows: A. Employers to step in on behalf of their workers and take over the union. B. National unions to take over and replace elected local officials with an appointed trustee. C. The NLRB to run an immediate election of new union officials. D. Union members to immediately decertify the union.
B
In the 10 years following the passage of the Wagner Act of 1935, unionization levels: A. Increased slightly. B. Increased dramatically. C. Decreased slightly. D. Decreased dramatically.
B
Internal union politics and finances of all U.S. unions are monitored by: A. The National Labor Relations Board. B. The Department of Labor. C. The Department of Internal Affairs. D. The AFL-CIO.
B
NLRB v. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation (1937) is a notable labor relations case because: A. It declared the National Industrial Recovery Act to be unconstitutional. B. It upheld the constitutionality of the National Labor Relations Act. C. It established a test to determine whether an employer had violated the NLRA. D. It meant that employers could no longer use injunctions to stop unionization attempts.
B
The Clayton Act of 1914 was significant because: A. It explicitly exempts labor unions from the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. B. It is the first legislation to give labor unions the right to exist. C. It outlawed all activities of unions, including organizing, picketing and striking. D. It was effective in protecting unions' rights to picket and strike.
B
Statutory law is described as law based on customs, traditions of acceptable behavior, and judicial precedent.
False
The Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 (Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosing Act) was passed primarily in response to: A. Unfair labor practices of employers. B. Unethical and illegal behaviors of unions. C. A need to balance power between management and labor. D. Unfair government intervention into union and management affairs.
B
The Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 (Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosing Act) was passed primarily to: A. Give unions the right to organize and represent workers. B. Ensure democratic standards for unions and increase transparency of union financial activities. C. Spell out unfair labor practices of unions. D. Spell out unfair labor practices of employers.
B
The Wagner Act of 1935 is grounded in which of the following principle beliefs regarding conflict? A. Conflict between management and labor is unnatural and should be avoided at all costs. B. Conflict between management and labor is inevitable and collective bargaining between equal partners is the preferred method for resolving disputes. C. Conflict between management and labor is inevitable because of class and social differences. D. Collective bargaining should be necessary only in extreme cases of employer abuse.
B
The Wright Line test is a standard of proof used to determine: A. Whether race or gender discrimination has occurred B. Whether an employer has unlawfully retaliated against an employee for union activity C. Whether an employee has violated an employer's policies D. Whether an employer's discipline and termination process has been applied consistently
B
The concept of exclusive representation was intended to protect workers from the influence or dominance of: A. Competing unions. B. Company dominated unions. C. Unscrupulous union leaders. D. Worker infighting.
B
The significance of the Railway Labor Act is that it: A. Was declared unconstitutional and was seen as a major blow to the labor movement. B. Set the stage for national legislation that protected workers rights to unionize and bargain collectively. C. Was the first major piece of labor legislation to require collective bargaining in all industries. D. All of the above.
B
Under the Wagner Act of 1935, an employer has a legal obligation to do all of the following except: A. Bargain with a duly elected representative of the employees. B. Make concessions in response to union demands during a bargaining session. C. Refrain from punishing employees who ask for better wages, hours, and working conditions. D. Refrain from coercing employees to vote "no" in a union election.
B
Union proponents have suggested strengthening U.S. labor laws in all of the following ways except: A. Expanding NLRA coverage to supervisors. B. Requiring workplaces to use an "opt out" approach to unionization rather than an "opt in" approach (i.e., all workers would be unionized unless the majority voted against it.) C. Streamlining or shotening the certification election process. D. Prohibiting the use of performance strike replacements.
B
Which of the following is not a category of statutory law? A. Business law. B. Labor law. C. Common law. D. Employment law.
C
The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 gives federal employees the right to bargain collectively over wages, hours, and working conditions; the right to strike; and the right to free speech.
False
According to the mainstream economics school of thought, the Wagner Act of 1935: A. Encouraged conflict to develop between management and labor. B. Could not adequately challenge the power of management. C. Protected the monopoly power of labor. D. Was benign in its effect and would not significantly change labor-management relations.
C
Between 1890 and 1932, a legal view emerged that unions: A. Were illegal because they interfere with free trade. B. Were unconstitutional because they violate First Amendment rights. C. Were legitimate but should be controlled by legal regulation to make sure they are serving the public interest. D. Were necessary to a free, democratic society.
C
Employees of PromoPrint, a manufacturer of custom promotional products, enter into negotiations over terms and conditions of employment. After 3 months of negotiations, the parties are still unable to reach an agreement. The employees organize a boycott of PromoPrint products. As part of the boycott, they picket outside a local independent gift shop asking customers not to buy PromoPrint products at the gift shop. Under the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, the employees are conducting: A. A legal secondary boycott. B. An illegal secondary boycott. C. A legal primary boycott. D. An illegal primary boycott.
C
If a union worker does not want her union dues to be spent on political activity, she: A. Has no choice - the union can spend her dues payment however it wants. B. May file a claim against the union charging misuse of union funds. C. May resign her membership in the union or pay only that portion of dues that is used for representation activities (i.e., pay a reduced fee). D. Can refuse to pay dues but remain a member of the union as long as she has paid the initiation fee.
C
Injunctions were effective at stopping unionization for all of the following reasons except: A. Unions spent a lot of money on legal fees trying to fight them. B. They decreased public support for strikers by branding them as lawbreakers. C. They gave management the right to move their operations to other nonunion locations. D. They demoralized union organizers and strikers by creating fear and confusion.
C
Proponents of the industrial relations school of thought felt that the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947: A. Strengthened the Wagner Act by improving the balance between labor and management. B. Weakened the Wagner Act by taking away protection against unfair labor practices. C. Weakened the Wagner Act by injecting too much government regulation into labor relations. D. Strengthened the Wagner Act by giving management more power.
C
The National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933 contained a public works program to create jobs and a framework for establishing industry codes of ____________________. A. Product standards. B. Collusion. C. Fair competition. D. Ethics.
C
The Railway Labor Act of 1926 applies to all of the following except: A. Workers in the railway industry. B. Workers in the airline industry. C. Workers in the trucking industry. D. All of the above are covered under the Railway Labor Act.
C
When it comes to strikes, most state collective bargaining laws: A. Allow state and local employees to strike in certain situations. B. Allow state and local employees to strike at any time. C. Prohibit the use of strikes regardless of the purpose. D. Prohibit the use of strikes for getting higher wages or better working conditions but allow them any other time.
C
When it comes to union rights, the Wagner Act of 1935 was an improvement over previous legislation for all of the following reasons except: A. It created an independent agency to enforce the Act. B. It granted the right of exclusive representation for unions with majority support. C. It allowed the courts to issue fines against employers who violated the Act. D. It prohibited specific unfair labor practices by employers.
C
Which of the following is not protected activity of employees under Section 8 of the NLRA? A. The right to strike. B. The right to vote in a union election without fear of coercion. C. The right to refuse to bargain with an employer over wages, hours, and working conditions. D. The right to engage in concerted activities for mutual aid and protection.
C
Which of the following was not a problem associated with the use of injunctions? A. Because of the broad interpretation of property rights, almost any union action could be considered to interfere with business and therefore be subject to the injunction. B. Judges did not grant injunctions against businesses even when it was clear that one company was threatening another. C. The use of the injunction could only be applied to damage of physical property such as the factory, equipment, land, etc. D. Judges harsh treatment of unions seemed to demonstrate that they were biased against unions and applied harsher standards with regard to their behavior.
C
As it was passed in 1926, the Railway Labor Act did all of the following except: A. Provide government mediation of bargaining disputes. B. Provide a forum for resolving grievance disputes. C. Protect the right of workers to join unions. D. Require that employers recognize a union chosen by the employees.
D
During hearings that took place from 1957-1959, a congressional investigating committee found that certain union officials had done all of the following except: A. Engaged in bribery. B. Taken personal loans from union funds. C. Used violence to achieve their ends. D. Negotiate excessive wages.
D
If a group of employees is represented by a union and another union that has a better track record also wants to represent those workers, the employees: A. Can choose to belong to both unions. B. Can immediately switch unions. C. Can file for a decertification election whenever enough workers say they want one. D. Must stick with the union they have until the contract expires.
D
In 1806, a group of Philadelphia shoemakers was convicted of ____________________ for joining together and refusing to work unless their terms were met. A. Illegal assembly. B. Tyranny. C. Unpatriotic actions. D. Illegal conspiracy.
D
The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978: A. Protects state and local government workers from corruption. B. Sets minimum wage and hour standards for federal employees. C. Grants federal employees the right to strike for better wages and hours of work. D. Grants federal employees unionization rights.
D
The Taft-Hartley Act (Labor Management Relations Act) of 1947 did all of the following except: A. Outlawed the use of secondary boycotts. B. Required unions to bargain in good faith with management. C. Gave states the right to pass right-to-work laws. D. Prohibited employers from expressing their views and opinions on unionization.
D
The Wagner Act established all of the following principles in labor relations except: A. Exclusive representation. B. Secret ballot elections. C. Unfair labor practices. D. Exclusive jurisdiction.
D
The industrial relations school was instrumental in establishing the foundations for legal treatment of unions as: A. Independent organizations that should be beyond government control. B. Voluntary organizations that should be beyond government control. C. Illegal organizations that impeded free trade. D. Legally sanctioned organizations with rights and obligations determined by the government.
D
What legislation created a national minimum wage, mandatory overtime premium for qualified workers, and restrictions on child labor? A. Equal Pay Act B. Civil Rights Act C. Employee Retirement Income Security Act D. Fair Labor Standards Act
D
Which of the following is not a goal of U.S. labor law? A. To balance efficiency, equity, and voice. B. To strike a balance between property rights and labor rights. C. To create a peaceful means for settling labor and employer disputes. D. To ensure that property and individual rights are given precedence over labor's rights.
D
Which of the following is not an allowable penalty for NLRB violations? A. Backpay. B. Reinstatement. C. Injunctions. D. Punitive damages and fines.
D
Which of the following is not common law? A. Conspiracy doctrine. B. Breach of contract. C. Property rights. D. Antitrust laws.
D
Which of the following was not part of the Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932? A. It made yellow dog contracts unenforceable. B. It ended the criminal conspiracy doctrine applied to labor unions. C. It forbade federal courts from issuing injunctions that interfere with strikes and peaceful picketing. D. It granted unions the right to organize and bargain collectively with an employer.
D
Which statement best describes the significance of the 1842 court case, Commonwealth vs. Hunt? A. It legitimized the injunction. B. It established the conspiracy doctrine. C. It stated that neither the ends of labor unions nor the means to achieve those ends were legal. D. It declared that unions were not necessarily unlawful conspiracies.
D
Political action committees established by unions for the purpose of supporting a political candidate can be funded, in part, by union dues.
False
A yellow dog contract is a promise by employers to hire only union workers at their place of business.
False
After a successful union organizing attempt at a manufacturing plant in Tennesse, the owners refuse to bargain an initial contract with the union, arguing the state's right-to-work law allows them to "refuse" union representation. The employer's interpretation of the law is correct.
False
As a result of a labor dispute with WaveMakers (a boat manufacturing company), the union organizes a national boycott of WaveMaker boats. When the boycott proves to be unsuccessful in pressuring WaveMakers to concede to the union demands, the union extends its boycott to several other boat manufacturers, hoping they will influence WaveMakers to settle. This action is legal under the Taft-Hartley Act.
False
As with all other federal agencies, the investigatory and prosecution functions of the NLRB fall within the same branch of the agency.
False
At a local restaurant one evening, a supervisor from a large manufacturing plant is seated in a booth directly behind four employees of the plant she works at. She overhears these employees discussing the possibility of unionizing the plant and stays to learn more about their plans. The next day, she tells her box about what she has learned. The supervisor's actions are legal under the Wagner Act (NLRA).
False
Because U.S. labor law has remained largely unchanged since the Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959, the decisions of the NLRB are predictable and generally insulated from political influence.
False
During the early 1900's, unions were viewed by the law as voluntary organizations of individuals and, since U.S. law valued individual liberty and freedom above all else, unions and workers were allowed relative freedom to use whatever means they could to protect their wages and working conditions.
False
Employment law is generally considered to include the broad class of laws that govern collective bargaining and collective rights of workers.
False
Frank is a supervisor at a major big box retail company. He learns that several of the employees have been meeting to discuss the possibility of unionizing the store. Frank approaches the leaders of the group and offers an immediate 2% pay increase for all employees, with an additional 2% to follow next year, if they agree to stop their organizing activity. Frank's actions are legal under the Wagner Act (NLRA).
False
From the perspective of mainstream economics, the Wagner Act (NLRA) is inadequate for challenging the power of capital and therefore does not do enough to empower labor.
False
In 1842, the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled in Commonwealth v. Hunt that union actions are conspiratorial and therefore illegal, thus making labor unions unlawful conspiracies.
False
In addition to being used against strikers and unions, the injunction was frequently used against one business when its actions were deemed to threaten the property rights of another business.
False
It is legal for a union and management to negotiate a contract that requires the employer to hire only union workers.
False
Northern Lights is a large manufacturing company that makes lighted signs and kiosks for major retailers and businesses. In an attempt to control the company's exposure to negative publicity through social media, the Director of HR issues a blanket policy prohibiting employees from posting any information about the company on their social media pages. The company's policy would be considered legal under the Wagner Act (NLRA.)
False
There are currently no legal provisions regarding the administration and democratic procedures of a union.
False
Tracie works for a large restaurant chain as a waitress Conditions at the restaurant are terrible: low pay, unsafe work, and constant bullying by supervisors. Tracie begins to talk to other employees about the possibility of forming a union. The restaurant manager learns of her activity and fires her, claiming that her performance was "deficient." Since Tracie has never had a bad performance review, she is quite sure she was fired for her union activism. To pursue her claim against the employer, Tracie should file discrimination complaint with the EEOC.
False
U.S. labor law protects the right for a group of workers in a given workplace to be represented by more than one union.
False
Under the NLRA, changes in the context of employee relations or differences in the specifics of a particular case have little effect on the balance between company property rights and worker labor rights.
False
Under the Taft-Hartley amendments to the NLRA, the President has the sole authority to declare a strike a threat to the national health or safety and thereby force workers back to work.
False
Under the Wagner Act (NLRA), the only time workers are entitled to union representation is when the union has the support of the majority of workers at the workplace.
False
From 1880 to around 1930, a key weapon against unionization was the injunction or a court order to "cease and desist" activities deemed to be potentially harmful to others.
True
A key underlying concern regarding the use of the injunction against unions was its limiting influence on free speech.
True
According to the Wagner Act (NLRA), an employer must recognize and treat a union as the representative of all employees (even those that did not vote for the union) if the union has majority support of the employees.
True
According to the Wagner Act (NLRA), if two employees walk off the job and proceed to picket their employer's place of business to protest unsafe working conditions, the employer is not allowed to retaliate against them (e.g., fire them).
True
Arguably, the biggest blow to the mainstream economics school of thought as a way to conceptualize U.S. labor and management relations was the widespread poverty, unemployment and homelessness brought about by the Great Depression.
True
Dempsey Foods is a large meat processing plant located in the Midwest. The company has been very concerned about safety in the plant and so it organizes a group of employees, selected by the plant manager, to ask other employees what can be done to improve safety. After talking with other employees, the safety group tells the plant manager safety would be improved by increasing wages, cutting hours, and buying new safety equipment. The plant manager asks the group whether the employees would be happy with an increase in wages and some new safety procedures. The safety group checks with the other employees before telling the plant manager those changes are acceptable. The plant manager implements the changes. This exchange between the plant manager and the safety group would be likely considered illegal under the Wagner Act (NLRA).
True
Following the passage of the Wagner Act (NLRA), there was an explosion in union membership that resulted in widespread concerns that labor (and its unions) had accumulated too much power.
True
Four employees engage in a spirited Facebook exchange complaining about their company's poor pay, benefits, and safety record. Because the employees' actions are protected under the Wagner Act (NLRA), the company cannot punish them for the posts.
True
Property rights of an employer include the right to do business, to hire and fire employees, and to interact with customers.
True
Section 9 of the Taft-Hartley Act creates a process by which employees can get rid of a union if they are no longer satisfied with the job it is doing.
True
Some labor relations experts believe that the rise of employment law has served to replace collective bargaining as a way to ensure that workers are treated fairly in the workplace, rendering the NLRA obsolete.
True
State laws protecting state employees' collective bargaining rights vary considerably with respect to the extent of protection provided and which employees are given collective bargaining rights.
True
Target Corporation has been criticized for requiring employees to repeatedly watch a training video with a strong an anti-union theme aimed at convincing them that unions will harm the company's ability to compete. Such training sessions are explicitly allowed by the Taft-Hartley Act as long as they do not contain threats or promises.
True
The Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 requires unions and their officers to disclose financial records to the Department of Labor.
True
The NLRB's decision in Wright Line lays out a 3 part test to determine whether an employee was disciplined or discharged for legitimate reasons, rather than as retaliation or coercion for union activities.
True
The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 was the first piece of U.S. legislation to explicitly give workers the right to unionize.
True
The National Labor Relations Board has responsibility for conducting union representation elections and enforcing the NLRA's unfair labor practice provisions.
True
The Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932 sought to remedy the imbalance between an employer and an individual worker by limiting the role of the courts in labor-management relations.
True
The Railway Labor Act of 1926 protects the right of workers to form or join a union (of their own choosing), provides government mediation of collective bargaining disputes, and provides a mechanism for settling workplace disputes so that strikes can be avoided.
True
The Railway Labor Act of 1926 regulates labor-management relations in the rail and airline industries.
True
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was designed to outlaw monopolies and prevent their economic dominance over markets and over society.
True
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was often used against unions by treating them as a monopoly when they tried to exert pressure on an employer using tactics such as boycotts and strikes.
True
The Taft-Hartley Act prohibits unions from restraining or coercing employees who do not wish to join a union.
True
The Wagner Act (NLRA) is intended to protect the rights of workers to, as a group, talk to their employer about wages, hours, and working conditions even when they are not part of a union.
True
The Wagner Act (NLRA) makes it illegal for an employer to designate a representative of the employees in negotiations over wages, hours, and working conditions.
True
The Wagner Act (NLRA) was distinctly different from the NIRA in that it explicitly outlined illegal activities of employers with respect to their interference in unionization rights and provided for the creation of an independent government agency whose job it is to enforce the law.
True
The Wagner Act's provision for exclusive representation by unions was largely aimed at curtailing company-dominated unions.
True