MGMT 3720 Exam 4

44) ________ is a change process based on systematic collection of data and selection of a change action based on what the analyzed data indicate.

Action research

5) The key characteristic of organizational culture that addresses the degree to which people are competitive rather than easygoing is termed ________.

Aggressiveness

38) The ________ stage of the socialization process explicitly recognizes that each individual the organization comes across during the selection process has a set of values, attitudes, and expectations about both the work to be done and the organization.

Prearrival

50) The information that you receive during the interviewing and hiring process is a part of the ________ stage of employee socialization.

Prearrival

37) Identify the correct order of stages in the socialization process.

Prearrival, encounter, metamorphosis

66) Which of the following stressors is likely to produce less strain than the other stressors?

Pressure to complete tasks

71) What factor would most likely increase the negative impact of an arbitration session?

heavyhandness of the arbitrator

20) The ________ stage of the conflict process is important because it's where conflict issues tend to be defined.

cognition and personalization

47) A virtual organization is also known as a(n) ________ organization.

C) modular

51) Which of the following is a step in the appreciative inquiry process?

Dreaming

When an appraiser rates employees based on items on a continuum with the points reflecting actual behaviors on a given job, this type of evaluation is called ________. A) BARS B) critical incident C) graphic rating scale D) group order ranking E) assessment center evaluation

A) BARS

58) Your ________ determines the lowest value acceptable to you for a negotiated agreement.

A) BATNA

________ refers to actions that contribute to the psychological environment of the organization, such as helping others when not required. A) Citizenship B) Counterproductivity C) Satisficing D) Social loafing E) Groupthink

A) Citizenship

25) ________ is a conflict-handling technique in which the parties in a conflict each desire to satisfy fully the concerns of all parties.

A) Collaborating

Charlie Woods started working for E-Z Freeze, a major frozen food company, as a college intern. Most recently, Charlie had held the position of VP Marketing. Now however, as a result of a change in corporate leadership, Charlie finds himself unemployed for the first time in decades. Looking for a new job has been an eye-opening experience for Charlie. He has been especially frustrated with his lack of success in getting even a call back for the applications he has completed online. Which of the following best describes why Charlie may not be getting the initial feedback he thinks he should be receiving? A) His online applications don't have the right keywords. B) His background checks have been negative. C) He is unwilling to relocate. D) He lacks cross-company experience. E) He lacks cultural diversity.

A) His online applications don't have the right keywords.

37) ________ is one way to achieve unfreezing of an organization's status quo.

A) Increasing the driving forces directing behavior away from the status quo

44) Which of the following statements is true regarding a matrix structure?

A) It breaks the unity-of-command concept.

51) Which of the following statements is true regarding distributive bargaining?

A) It operates under zero-sum conditions.

26) According to a 2011 survey, many workers in Qtopia Inc. are dissatisfied with their jobs. The survey revealed that most of the dissatisfied workers believe that they have very little control over their job assignments. Therefore, to increase workers' job satisfaction, Boris, a production manager, feels they need to only concentrate on changing the dissatisfied workers' beliefs regarding the degree of control they have over their job assignments. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the conclusion made by Boris?

A) Many dissatisfied workers feel that their wages are too low and working conditions are unsatisfactory.

15) Which of the following statements, if true, would support the argument favoring increased span of control?

A) Mike's team consists of highly experienced and skilled labor.

Which of the following statements regarding downsizing is true? A) Organizations that are able to demonstrate fairness are more likely to make the hoped-for gains from downsizing. B) Employees who have been laid off almost always feel badly about their previous employer. C) Employees who have been laid off are unlikely to return to the company if asked. D) It is generally in the best interests of the employee to challenge the decision. E) The initial screening process can be considered a failure.

A) Organizations that are able to demonstrate fairness are more likely to make the hoped-for gains from downsizing.

65) Which of the following is true regarding negotiation outcomes?

A) Overall agreeableness is weakly related to negotiation outcomes.

34) Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument to use coercive techniques in this situation?

A) The company is on a tight deadline to complete a major project for an important client.

69) In which of the following situations is mediation most likely to be effective?

A) The conflict between the parties involved in mediation is at a moderate level.

Which of the following, if true, will weaken the company's decision? A) The majority of the company's employees have only a basic level of education. B) The company recently instituted a technical skills improvement program for shop floor employees. C) The existing shop floor employees have high potential and personal ambition to rise in their careers. D) Sirius Corp. just opened a new manufacturing facility in New Mexico. E) Several top performing entry level employees have received offers from rival companies.

A) The majority of the company's employees have only a basic level of education.

You are involved in training and development for your division at Dunder Mifflin Inc. You want to target some specific organizational problems through training. Your organization is situated in an urban area where many students do not finish high school. You will probably first have to address the skill category termed ________ skills. A) basic B) technical C) interpersonal D) problem-solving E) managerial

A) basic

Applicants describe how they handled specific problems and situations in previous jobs in a(n) ________ interview. A) behavioral structured B) audition-type C) performance-simulation D) problem-solving E) reflection

A) behavioral structured

54) A boundaryless organization strives to ________.

A) break down barriers between the company, its customers, and suppliers

9) The unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organization to the lowest echelon and clarifies who reports to whom is termed ________.

A) chain of command

Treating co-workers with respect, making constructive suggestions, and saying positive things about the workplace are a part of the ________ behavior that constitutes performance at work. A) citizenship B) counterproductivity C) social loafing D) deviant workplace E) satisficing

A) citizenship

24) When one person seeks to satisfy his or her own interests regardless of the impact on the other parties to the conflict, that person is using the conflict-handling intention of ________.

A) competing

40) The strength of product departmentalization in the matrix structure is that it facilitates ________.

A) coordination among specialties

47) ________ bargaining is negotiation that seeks to divide a fixed amount of goods or services.

A) distributive

34) Top management has a major impact on the organization's culture by ________.

A) establishing norms that filter down through the organization

55) During the design step of appreciative inquiry, participants ________.

A) find a common vision of how the organization will look in the future

28) ________ refers to the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized.

A) formalization

3) According to the traditional view of conflict, all conflict is ________.

A) harmful and must be avoided

36) Which of the following is a characteristic of a simple structure?

A) high centralization

20) Anna's company needs to dramatically cut costs, speed decision making, and increase flexibility. Which of the following structural decisions will help her achieve the desired objectives?

A) increasing the span of control

Which approach to performance evaluation rank-orders employees from best to worst? A) individual ranking B) group order ranking C) paired comparison D) straight ranking E) associative ranking

A) individual ranking

56) The management has decided to try to find a win-win solution to help both parties resolve their differences. Management is attempting to engage in ________ bargaining.

A) integrative

Which of the following have/has proven to be a particularly good predictor for jobs that include cognitively complex tasks? A) intelligence tests B) integrity evaluations C) work sampling D) drug tests E) behavioral assessment

A) intelligence tests

Which of the following tends to have a disproportionate amount of influence on employee selection decisions? A) interview B) written test C) performance-simulation test D) work sampling method E) personality test

A) interview

43) You describe to your students a new committee within the university that brings together specialists from all different departments to develop a new interdisciplinary program. The structure of the committee best meets the definition of the ________ structure.

A) matrix

61) A(n) ________ model is generally synonymous with the bureaucracy in that it has highly standardized processes for work, high formalization, and more managerial hierarchy.

A) mechanistic

73) Megatron wants to bring in a neutral third party who will facilitate a negotiated solution by using reasoning, persuasion, suggesting alternatives, and the like. This person is known as a(n) ________.

A) mediator

23) Assertiveness indicates the degree to which ________.

A) one party attempts to satisfy his or her own concerns

The behavioral structured interview is built on the assumption that ________. A) past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior B) technical knowledge and skills are the best predictor of job performance C) personality is the best predictor of job performance D) personality and mood are highly correlated E) technical knowledge and job performance are highly correlated

A) past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior

50) In case of distributive bargaining, the ________ point marks the lowest outcome that is acceptable—the point below which the party would break off negotiations rather than accept a less favorable settlement.

A) resistance

17) The ________ refers to the number of subordinates that a manager directs.

A) span of control

Which of the following is one of the techniques used by organizations to make their workplace more family-friendly? A) telecommuting B) job enlargement C) classroom training D) mentoring program E) job rotation

A) telecommuting

33) The simple structure is most widely practiced in small businesses in which ________.

A) the manager and owner are one and the same

13) If you support the idea that conflict should be eliminated, you are supporting which of the following views of conflict?

A) the traditional view

Ozu Tech offers employees 4 unpaid weeks sabbatical, or 3 to 6 partially paid weeks off for family-related reasons. This work-life initiative offered by Ozu Tech is a type of ________. A) time based strategy B) information based strategy C) money-based strategy D) direct service E) culture-change strategy

A) time based strategy

Which of the following is the least predictive set of criteria used to evaluate employees? A) traits B) task outcomes C) behaviors D) personality E) technical skills

A) traits

In order to assess the management skills of the applicants, Scarlet should ________. A) use an assessment center B) verify the applicants' job histories C) conduct a medical test D) conduct a drug test E) conduct a behavioral assessment test

A) use an assessment center

18) A ________ is consistent with recent efforts by companies to reduce costs, cut overhead, speed up decision making, increase flexibility, get closer to customers, and empower employees.

A) wider span of control

Which performance evaluation method requires no complex forms or extensive training to complete? A) written essays B) critical incidents C) graphic rating scales D) behaviorally anchored rating scales E) assessment center rating

A) written essays

50) Rather than looking for problems, ________ seeks to identify the unique qualities and special strengths of an organization, which can then be built upon to improve performance.

Appreciative inquiry

The approach to evaluation that uses feedback from those who have daily contact with an employee (everyone from mailroom personnel to customers to bosses to peers) is termed ________. A) critical incidents B) 360-degree evaluation C) assessment center D) multiperson comparisons E) downward evaluation

B) 360-degree evaluation

Drug testing is controversial. Which of the following is an argument used against drug testing? A) The results of drug tests can be faked easily. B) Drug use is a private matter. C) Drug tests are costly. D) Drug tests are generally inaccurate. E) Drug tests are injurious to a person's health.

B) Drug use is a private matter.

39) Which of the following is the first step in Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change?

B) Establish a sense of urgency by creating a compelling reason for why change is needed.

________ ranking requires the evaluator to place employees into a particular classification, such as top one-fifth or second one-fifth. A) Individual B) Group order C) Paired D) Fractional E) Percentile

B) Group order

21) Which of the following statements is true regarding the functions of culture in an organization?

B) It conveys a sense of identity for organization members.

21) Which of the following is a drawback of a narrow span of control?

B) It is more expensive

53) Who coined the term boundaryless organization?

B) Jack Welch

16) Which of the following statements, if true, would weaken the argument favoring increased span of control?

B) Performance reports from the last few years show that teams that were monitored closely had higher productivity.

42) Which of the following steps in Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change represents the movement stage in Lewin's three-step model?

B) Plan for, create, and reward short-term "wins" that propel the organization toward the new vision.

52) Blastkrieg, a chain of audio equipment stores, uses computerized inventory control and customer self-service to eliminate the category of sales clerks from its force of employees. After diversifying into computer electronics, it now plans to employ the same concept in selling desktop PCs and laptops. Which of the following is an assumption made in Blastkrieg's strategy?

B) Sales personnel are not required for selling computer electronics successfully.

46) Which of the following statements is true about formal socialization?

B) Specific orientation and training programs are examples of formal socialization.

15) Which of the following is an example of an individual source of resistance to change?

Fear of the unknown

10) Chain of command is a key element of an organization's structure. Which of the following key questions is addressed by this element?

B) To whom do individuals and groups report?

Companies in which of the following countries would emphasize formal performance evaluation systems more than informal systems? A) Argentina B) United States C) Chile D) India E) China

B) United States

2) Which of the following statements is true regarding work specialization?

B) Work specialization decreases the time spent in changing tasks.

31) Macy does not like a few of the standard operating procedures adapted for the new project. However, she discussed the items with the team and told them that she realized she was in the minority and that she would adapt the new procedures to maintain smooth operations within the team. This type of conflict-handling intention is called ________.

B) accommodating

Elaborate sets of performance-simulation tests specifically designed to evaluate a candidate's managerial potential are ________. A) less effective than work sampling B) administered in assessment centers C) similar to personality tests D) considered drawbacks of some management development programs E) likely to skew the results of behavioral samples

B) administered in assessment centers

Which of the following is most likely to be used for preliminary "rough cuts" to decide whether an applicant meets the basic qualifications for a job? A) drug test B) application form C) HR interview D) written test E) technical interview

B) application form

Which of the following is an on-the-job training method? A) live classroom lectures B) apprenticeships C) public seminars D) podcasts E) self-study programs

B) apprenticeships

74) The home buyer wants to bring in a third party who will have the authority to dictate an agreement. This person will be a(n) ________.

B) arbitrator

26) The conflict-handling intention of collaborating is ________.

B) assertive and cooperative

12) Which of the following terms refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to give orders and expect them to be obeyed?

B) authority

44) The terms negotiation and ________ are used interchangeably.

B) bargaining

70) What are the key dimensions to any organization's environment?

B) complexity, volatility, and capacity

33) Which of the following conflict-handling intentions involves accepting a solution that provides incomplete satisfaction of both parties' concerns?

B) compromising

Which of the following terms refers to the actions that actively damage the organization, including stealing, behaving aggressively toward co-workers, and being late or absent? A) citizenship B) counterproductivity C) task orientation D) satisficing E) groupthink

B) counterproductivity

Which of the following evaluation methods focuses the evaluator's attention on those behaviors that are key to executing a job effectively? A) forced comparison B) critical incident C) graphic rating scale D) behaviorally anchored rating scale E) written essay

B) critical incident

60) During which phase of the negotiation process do the parties exchange their initial proposals or demands?

B) definition of ground rules

61) In a negotiation process, which of the following activities is most likely to be included in the definition of ground rules step?

B) determining time constraints, if any, applicable to negotiation

59) In a negotiation process, which of the following activities is most likely to be included in the preparation and planning step?

B) determining your best alternative to a negotiated agreement

Between the late 1960s and the mid-1980s, the use of written tests declined because they were characterized as ________. A) unprofessional B) discriminatory C) unreliable D) invalid E) mathematically flawed

B) discriminatory

54) As both sides agree that they are competing over a fixed amount of resources, each side feels that what one side wins, the other loses. Based on this information, we can say that the two sides are engaged in ________.

B) distributive bargaining

The concept of ________ can be applied to appraisals to increase the perception that employees are treated fairly. A) selective evaluation B) due process C) multiple raters D) selective retention E) counterproductivity

B) due process

12) Conflict between two people is called ________ conflict.

B) dyadic

You have just been appointed as director of your company's corporate training division. The CEO of your company has been displeased with your company's prior training programs, so you are tasked with rehauling the entire training division. You convene a meeting of all training division managers to decide on the types of training that the division will implement. One of your managers is a firm supporter of e-training programs for employees in your company's international offices. He touts the benefits of e-programs by stressing that ________. A) e-training approaches have been proven to result in higher levels of knowledge assimilation B) e-training is highly flexible and employees can complete the training at their convenience C) many employees find solitary learning to be highly motivating D) online learners are less susceptible to distractions E) e-programs are inexpensive to design and implement

B) e-training is highly flexible and employees can complete the training at their convenience

72) Volatility refers to the degree of ________ within an environment.

Instability

Which of the following methods of performance evaluation allows for quantitative analysis and comparison? A) critical incident B) graphic rating scale C) assessment center evaluation D) written essay E) group order ranking

B) graphic rating scale

33) The selection process helps sustain the organization's culture by ________.

B) hiring candidates who fit well within the organization

46) All of the following are benefits of conflict in organizations except ________.

B) increased groupthink

19) Selective information processing is a major source of resistance to change. It indicates that ________.

B) individuals hear what they want to hear and they ignore information that challenges the world they've created

19) A narrow span of control ________.

B) is expensive because it adds levels of management

68) A(n) ________ is a neutral third party who facilitates a negotiated solution by using reasoning, persuasion, and suggestions for alternatives.

B) mediator

62) A(n) ________ model is a structure that is flat, uses cross-hierarchical and cross-functional teams, has low formalization, possesses a comprehensive information network, and relies on participative decision making.

B) organic

13) Which of the following is most likely to result from a strong organizational culture?

Low employee turnover

5) According to the interactionist's perspective, a group that functions without conflict is ________.

B) prone to becoming static and apathetic

40) Conflict is dysfunctional when it ________.

B) reduces group cohesiveness

37) The key concept that underlies all bureaucracies is ________.

B) standardization

17) Conditions that can create conflicts can be classified into three categories. Which of the following is one of these three categories that includes variables such as jurisdictional clarity, member-goal compatibility, and leadership styles?

B) structure

9) Cultures that tend to develop in large organizations to reflect common problems or experiences faced by the members in the same department or location are often called ________.

B) subculture

7) Conflict that relates to the content and goals of work is called ________ conflict.

B) task

Most training is directed at upgrading and improving an employee's ________ skills. A) financial B) technical C) problem-solving D) interpersonal E) social

B) technical

Your organization has reduced layers, flattening the organization. Your employees now need to perform a wider variety of tasks. As a result, you need to provide employees with training to help develop their ________ skills. A) basic literacy B) technical C) interpersonal D) problem solving E) communication

B) technical

22) The question of span of control determines ________.

B) the number of levels and managers in an organization

59) Company chants are used to ________.

B) transmit company culture to employees

Which of the following work-life initiatives is an example of a culture-change strategy? A) offering flexible benefits B) tying manager pay to employee satisfaction C) allowing job sharing D) providing fitness center E) providing counseling services

B) tying manager pay to employee satisfaction

54) During the dreaming step of appreciative inquiry, participants ________.

B) use information from the discovery phase to speculate on possible futures

46) A ________ organization is a small, core organization that outsources major business functions.

B) virtual

43) Which of the following terms best describes the process that occurs when two or more parties decide how to allocate scarce resources?

C) negotiation

48) You are the CEO of Achilles Incorporation. You have decided to hire other organizations to perform many of the basic functions of your business. You have hired an accounting firm to keep your records, a recruiting firm to handle human resource functions, and a computer firm to handle all records. To keep costs down, you are looking for other areas in which to outsource operations. You have chosen to operate your business as a ________.

B) virtual organization

57) You have recently started your business with a small capital investment. Your business needs a very high degree of flexibility so that you can quickly respond to environmental changes and you are also interested in minimizing costs. Which of the following types of organizations is best suitable for your business?

B) virtual organization

74) Excessive smoking, substance abuse, and sleep disorders are all examples of ________ symptoms of stress.

Behavioral

58) You decide to eliminate horizontal, vertical, and external barriers within your organization. You want to operate as a ________ organization.

Boundaryless

69) Larry has an employee who is amazing at clearly seeing rules and enforcing them. He has recently promoted her to the lead position in quality assurance. Which method of creating a positive organizational culture is Larry utilizing?

Building on employee strengths

22) Which of the following tactics for overcoming resistance to change is most likely to be beneficial when employees' fear and anxiety are high?

Building support and commitment

74) How can U.S. managers be culturally sensitive?

By listening more

8) Which of the following statements is true regarding an organization's culture?

C) A dominant culture expresses the core values shared by a majority of the organization's members.

25) ________ refers to the degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in the organization.

C) Centralization

1) ________ is defined as a process that begins when one party perceives another party has or is about to negatively affect something the first party cares about.

C) Conflict

41) John Kotter built on Lewin's three-step model to create a more detailed approach for implementing change. Which of the following steps in Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change represents the unfreezing stage in Lewin's three-step model?

C) Create a new vision to direct the change and strategies for achieving the vision.

36) The division manager at Xperience Inc. wants to replace the SAP ERP currently used in his division with Epicor ERP as it costs 30 percent less to train new staff in Epicor ERP. But this leads to a conflict with the general manager, who insists that they can simply hire only people who already know how to use SAP ERP. Which of the following, if true, weakens the general manager's objection to the replacement of SAP ERP with Epicor ERP?

C) Experienced users of SAP ERP command much higher salaries than do prospective employees who have no experience in the use of any ERP.

4) Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Fony Corp. should upgrade its technology?

C) Fony's main client account is at risk after the client had to recall nearly 2 million notebooks owing to defective batteries.

76) Which of the following statements is true regarding effects of national culture on organizational culture and ethical behavior within organization?

C) Generally, U.S. managers see bribery, nepotism, and favoring personal contacts as highly unethical.

43) Which of the following statements is true regarding random socialization?

C) In random socialization, new employees are left on their own to figure things out.

Dunder Mifflin Inc. is considering implementing employee ethics training programs. Some members of senior management are opposed to these programs. Their opposition is most likely based on which of the following beliefs? A) Ethics training is very expensive. B) Ethics change from country to country. C) Individual value systems are fixed at an early age. D) Integrity cannot be taught by example. E) Ethics training does not help employees to recognize ethical dilemmas.

C) Individual value systems are fixed at an early age.

53) Which of the following statements is true regarding integrative bargaining?

C) Integrative bargaining focuses on long-term relationships.

Which of the following is an off-the-job training method? A) job rotation B) formal mentoring programs C) Internet courses D) job enlargement E) apprenticeship

C) Internet courses

35) Which of the following statements is true about the simple structure?

C) It becomes increasingly inadequate as an organization grows

Which of the following is not an ideal feature of a benefit program? A) It should be uniquely suited to the organizational culture. B) It should be sustainable in the long run. C) It should clearly outline expectations for conduct. D) It should reflect the values of the organization. E) It should demonstrate economic feasibility.

C) It should clearly outline expectations for conduct.

10) Jean works for Fahrenheit Publishing ,which is a publisher of scientific journals. The company is dominated by low risk taking and high attention to detail. Jean's department is committed to high team orientation and provides many team-building activities in which Jean and other department members work together and socialize. Which of the following statements best describes Jean's department?

C) Jean's department has developed a subculture.

77) Which of the following statements is not true regarding organizational approaches to managing stress?C) Managers should consider decreasing employee involvement in decision making because evidence clearly shows that decreases in employee empowerment reduce psychological strain.

C) Managers should consider decreasing employee involvement in decision making because evidence clearly shows that decreases in employee empowerment reduce psychological strain.

66) Stratford Inc. is a company that hires culturally diverse people to perform Shakespearean plays for high school students. The company employs actors and actresses from all over the world. The actors and actresses have joined together to ask the company for higher salaries. The employees are struggling over deciding who will negotiate for them. Which of the following statements is true pertaining to the effect of individual differences on negotiations?

C) People who are highly interested in having positive relationships with other people are poor negotiators.

The government passes a new law requiring all companies to offer employees unpaid time off to care for their children. This would harm the economic competitiveness of the nation's businesses as companies must be free to set their own employment policies without mandated parental-leave regulations. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument? A) A parental-leave law will serve to strengthen the family as a social institution in this country. B) Most businesses in the country already offer employees some form of parental leave. C) Some of the countries with the most economically competitive businesses have strong parental-leave regulations. D) The proposed parental-leave law does not apply to small-scale industries. E) In most polls, a majority of citizens say they favor passage of a parental-leave law.

C) Some of the countries with the most economically competitive businesses have strong parental-leave regulations.

37) According to a newly added office smoking regulation, only employees who have an enclosed office may smoke at their desks. This leads to a major conflict between various employees as virtually all employees with enclosed offices are higher-level managers and all other employees lack enclosed offices. Therefore, the lower-level employees who smoke argue that they should be offered enclosed offices. Which of the following, if true, strengthens the employees' argument?

C) The smoking regulations allow all employees who smoke an equal opportunity to do so, regardless of an employee's job level.

Which of the following statements is true concerning international selection practices? A) Structured interviews are popular in all countries. B) Beliefs about how one should conduct an interpersonal interview are consistent across countries. C) The use of educational qualifications in screening candidates seems to be a universal practice. D) Employee selection policies and practices do not require modification from one country to another. E) Individuals are typically much more effective at selecting candidates than groups.

C) The use of educational qualifications in screening candidates seems to be a universal practice.

24) In an organization, top managers make all the decisions and lower-level managers merely carry out their directives. This organization is most likely to be characterized by ________.

C) a high degree of centralization

3) Tescra Education is an educational publishing company that provides textbooks in the area of higher education. The company has been in business for almost 20 years now and has earned substantial profits during this period. Which of the following trends, if true, would drive the company to change its business strategy?

C) a need for learning environments where students feel safe to apply the knowledge they've acquired in the classroom to real-life situations

14) According to the principle of unity of command, ________.

C) an individual should be directly responsible to only one supervisor

3) For much of the first half of the twentieth century, managers viewed work specialization as ________.

C) an unending source of increased productivity

Scarlett has received authorization to add an assistant manager to her department. This person will be working closely with Scarlett and must have excellent interpersonal as well as technical skills. Scarlett wants to make certain that she maximizes the chance of choosing the correct individual and is trying to decide on the most appropriate selection device. Which of the following is most likely to be used by Scarlett during the initial selection stage to check if an applicant meets the basic qualifications for a job? A) assessment center B) drug test C) application form D) work-sample test E) integrity test

C) application form

70) Which of the following methods of third-party negotiation always results in a settlement?

C) arbitration

27) Which of the following conflict-handling intentions is unassertive and uncooperative?

C) avoiding

29) Luke's cubicle neighbor Leia, though an understanding and great co-worker, talks loudly on the phone. Luke gets annoyed every time Leia's phone rings, but he has decided it's simply not worth the trouble to talk to her about it. Luke's conflict-handling intention is called ________.

C) avoiding

42) A collectivist Chinese manager is most likely to use which of the following techniques for conflict management?

C) avoiding

55) Odysseus Corp. is attempting to flatten its organizational hierarchy. It is encouraging the use of cross-hierarchical teams, participative decision-making practices, and 360-degree performance appraisals. Based on this information, we can say that Odysseus Corp. is attempting to create a ________ organization.

C) boundaryless

38) Which of the following is a conflict-stimulation technique?

C) bringing in outsiders

41) You extol the virtues and benefits of standardization. You are most likely to be promoting the ________.

C) bureaucracy

62) Bill is negotiating for the labor union. Today, he is presenting the evidence and papers that demonstrate the average wages in the area, the cost of healthcare for the average worker, and a pie graph demonstrating how these costs affect the new salary request. Which phase of the negotiation process is Bill currently in?

C) clarification and justification

32) Which of the following conflict-handling intentions is assertive and uncooperative?

C) competing

75) The two parties eventually agree to ask Sam Spade, an attorney and trusted friend, to help them informally to solve their problem. Sam's role is that of a(n) ________.

C) conciliator

45) The two general approaches to negotiation are ________ bargaining and ________ bargaining.

C) distributive; integrative

39) Which of the following types of organizational designs combines two forms of departmentalization, functional and product?

C) matrix structure

71) Liz is the lead editor for a small, city newspaper. One of her advertising sales representatives is pulling in a lot of restaurant clients. Liz realizes that the representative is quite knowledgeable about food and speaks quite elegantly when describing different dishes. She has begun discussing with the representative the possibility of collaborating with a writer to include a weekly restaurant review that includes the representative on the byline. After the first couple of reviews, the representative is able to increase ad sizes and sales. He is very happy with his new job diversification. Which aspect of creating a positive organizational culture is Liz utilizing?

C) emphasizing individual vitality and growth

49) The major advantage of a virtual organization is its ________.

C) flexibility

64) In a negotiation process, which of the following activities is included in the closure and implementation step?

C) formalizing the agreement that has been worked out

63) Which of the following is typically a characteristic of an organic model of organization?

C) free flow of information

5) A plant manager organizes a plant by separating engineering, accounting, manufacturing, personnel, and purchasing into departments. The plant is departmentalized on the basis of ________.

C) function

Which of the following is a forced comparison method of performance evaluation? A) written essays B) trait evaluations C) group order ranking D) critical incident method E) graphic rating scales

C) group order ranking

Performance evaluations are used to ________. A) improve group cohesiveness B) define departmental structure C) help management make HR decisions D) identify how jobs are completed E) decrease conformity within organizations

C) help management make HR decisions

Biozone provides its employees career counseling, skills workshops, and networking sessions. This work-life initiative used by Biozone falls under the category of ________. A) direct services B) time based strategies C) information based strategies D) money-based strategies E) culture-change strategies

C) information based strategies

Stefan is looking for a job. Today he went to the Web site of Qriosity Inc., where he filled out an online application and attached a copy of his resume. In which part of the selection process is Stefan? A) physical selection B) job offer C) initial selection D) contingent selection E) substantive selection

C) initial selection

60) Which of the following can act as a common denominator to unite members of a given culture or subculture?

C) jargons and acronyms that are specific to the organization

Which of the following is a form of background check? A) aptitude test B) offer letter C) letters of recommendation D) application form E) work-sample test

C) letters of recommendation

57) Which of the following is the first step in the negotiation process?

C) preparation and planning

15) When your work group disagrees, the disagreements usually concern how the group's work should be accomplished. The type of conflict experienced by your group is known as a ________ conflict.

C) process

72) Organizations that promote a spiritual culture ________.

C) recognize that people seek to find meaning and purpose in their work

59) Which of the following actions can extinguish risk taking and innovation?

C) rewarding for the absence of failures rather than for the presence of successes

31) The clerical and editorial employees in a publishing house need to be at their desks by 8:00 AM and follow a set of precise procedures dictated by management. The jobs of these clerical and editorial employees ________.

C) score high on the degree of formalization

32) A ________ is characterized by a low degree of departmentalization, wide spans of control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization.

C) simple structure

49) In the case of a distributive bargaining, the ________ point indicates what a person would like to achieve out of the negotiation.

C) target

Researchers now recognize three major types of behavior that constitute performance at work. Which of the following are these three major types of behavior? A) task performance, productivity, tenure B) productivity, efficiency, absenteeism C) task performance, citizenship, counterproductivity D) citizenship, counterproductivity, personality E) leadership, knowledge, efficiency

C) task performance, citizenship, counterproductivity

13) If you support the idea that conflict should be eliminated, you are supporting which of the following views of conflict?

C) the interactionist view

1) The term which is used to describe the degree to which tasks in an organization are subdivided into separate jobs is called ________.

C) work specialization

73) Which of the following terms refers to the recognition that people have an inner life that nourishes and is nourished by meaningful work that takes place in the context of community?

C) workplace spirituality

6) According to the interactionist view, ________ conflicts support the goals of the group and improve its performance.

C)functional

76) Harald is opening a manufacturing plant with a mechanistic and centralized structure. Employees from which of the following countries will be least comfortable with this type of a structure?

Canada

71) Which of the following dimensions of an environment describes the degree to which the environment can support growth?

Capacity

66) In which of the following climates do managers operate under the expectation that their decisions will positively affect the greatest number of stakeholders?

Caring

8) ________ are persons who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing refinement activities.

Change agents

29) The application of direct threats or force upon resisters is called ________.

Coercion

32) You have threatened to eliminate positions and even to close down the company if your sales personnel don't change their attitudes. The method for overcoming resistance that you have chosen is ________.

Coercion

14) A strong culture should reduce employee turnover because it results in ________.

Cohesiveness and organizational commitment

75) Art-Is-Us claims to be a spiritual organization. Company employees are encouraged to show kindness toward others. Employees are treated with esteem and value and supported for their creativity and flexibility. While the organization values profits, its purpose is to spread the pleasure of art to as many people as possible. Which of the following is not one of the cultural characteristics commonly found in spiritual organizations?

Competitiveness

12) Which of the following resistances to change is overt and immediate?

Complaint

73) The ________ of an environment refers to the degree of heterogeneity and concentration among environmental elements

Complexity

72) In third-party negotiations, a third party who provides an informal communication link between the negotiator and the opponent is known as a(n) ________.

Conciliator

51) Which of the following is most likely to be a drawback of a virtual organization?

Constant flux and reorganization

26) If individuals resisting change are included in making change decisions in an attempt to gain their support, this approach is called ________.

Cooptation

28) "Buying off" the leaders of a resistance group by giving them a key role and seeking their advice not to find a better solution but to get their endorsement is an example of ________.

Cooptation

12) The primary or dominant values that are accepted throughout the organization are known as ________.

Core values

18) Aggressiveness, innovation, and risk taking are called the ________ of the culture at the Rogue Vogue Corp.

Core values

1) An example of change in the nature of the workforce is an increase in ________.

Cultural diversity

50) Which of the following statements is true regarding a virtual organization?

D) A virtual organization tends to have unclear roles, goals, and responsibilities.

38) Which of the following statements is true regarding a bureaucracy?

D) Bureaucracies can get by with less talented middle- and lower-level managers.

41) Which of the following statements is true regarding negotiation that takes place in a collectivist culture?

D) Compared to individualists, collectivists are less likely to see offers from their counterparts as unfair and to reject them.

24) Which of the following statements is true regarding the establishment of the organizational culture and its effects on the organization?

D) Culture acts as a control mechanism and guides the behavior of employees.

18) Which of the following statements is true regarding conflict?

D) Diversity of goals among groups is a major source of conflict.

________ involves evaluating one's performance against the performance of one or more others. A) BARS B) The critical incident method C) An assessment center evaluation D) Forced comparison E) Likert analysis

D) Forced comparison

11) Span of control is a key element of an organization's structure. Which of the following key questions is addressed by this element?

D) How many individuals can a manager efficiently and effectively direct?

________ training involves employees helping each other out at the workplace in an unplanned and unstructured environment. A) Formal B) Ethics C) Interpersonal D) Informal E) Classroom

D) Informal

52) Appreciative inquiry (AI) is an organizational development technique. Which of the following statements is true regarding appreciative inquiry?

D) It consists of four steps including discovery, dreaming, design, and destiny.

6) Which of the following statements best describes the difference between organizational culture and job satisfaction?

D) Organizational culture is descriptive, whereas job satisfaction is evaluative.

29) Rainbow Corp. hires a new secretary, Polonova, who differs from the vast majority of the company's employees in terms of her ethnicity. The company has a collectivist culture with a culturally diverse workforce and several policies to support the minorities. Yet, after a few weeks, she quits the company. Which of the following, if true, helps explain why she quit?

D) Polonova has a strong sense of personal ambition and independence.

40) Which of the following is the last step in Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change?

D) Reinforce the changes by demonstrating the relationship between new behaviors and organizational success.

Sirius Corp, an automobile manufacturer in Texas, has a number of vacancies at lower management levels, which is important for the company's future development, and wants to fill the positions from within the company itself rather than recruit externally. The company plans to e-mail the job specifications to all employees and post the jobs on the company Web site. Which of the following, if true, will strengthen the company's decision? A) The majority of the company employees have only a basic level of education. B) The company recently instituted a technical skills improvement program for shop floor employees. C) A top recruitment agency recently sent the company details of prospective college candidates. D) Several top performing entry level employees have received offers from rival companies. E) A majority of the company's employees are reaching the age of retirement.

D) Several top performing entry level employees have received offers from rival companies.

2) Conservationists have had a perpetual conflict with the government of the United States over the fast and rampant depletion of Earth's natural resources. They argue that the United States must reduce its consumption level significantly to rectify this problem. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conservationists' argument?

D) The United States accounts for one-third of the total world resource consumption.

16) Matt works as a sales representative at Tandem Industries, which manufactures and sells bicycles. He's the best salesman on the floor, but he also receives the highest number of customer complaints for late deliveries. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation?

D) The company keeps inventory levels low in order to reduce costs.

7) Porco Rosso, an aircraft manufacturer with a strong presence in the United States, is looking to expand its market overseas. The firm currently sells its aircraft to several airlines in the United Kingdom but now wants to establish manufacturing units there as well in order to acquire a bigger share in the European market. Hence, it plans to merge with QueenAir, a British aircraft manufacturer. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the company's decision to merge with QueenAir?

D) There is a striking difference in the organizational cultures of the two firms.

52) During a negotiation, making an initial offer leads to the ________ bias.

D) anchoring

Formal performance appraisals are used more frequently in countries that ________. A) value status quo and rigidity B) are low in assertiveness C) are low in uncertainty avoidance D) are low in in-group collectivism E) have long-term orientation

D) are low in in-group collectivism

Which of the following is most likely to be an initial selection device? A) technical interview B) drug test C) written test D) background check E) work-sample test

D) background check

63) During which phase of the negotiation process do the parties have the actual discussion to hash out an agreement?

D) bargaining and problem solving

11) In a negotiation between a man and a woman, we would expect the woman to ________ than the man.

D) be more accommodating

34) In which stage of the conflict process does conflict become visible?

D) behavior

8) Wiper Inc., a parts supplier, has separate departments for government aircraft and contracts, large commercial aircraft clients, and small personal aircraft clients. This is an example of departmentalization on the basis of ________.

D) customer

60) ________ is a systematic effort to make an organization leaner by selling off business units, closing locations, or reducing staff.

D) downsizing

Which of the following is a common contingent selection method? A) IQ test B) interview C) interest inventory D) drug test E) work-sample test

D) drug test

10) Mike and Keith are on the same team; they work well with other people in the same team but don't get along with each other. This type of conflict can best be described as ________.

D) dyadic

Lewis is a sales representative for his company. He is attending a company training program about the types of expenses that are considered legal deductions for tax purposes and how to distinguish between personal expenses and business expenses. Lewis is attending training to improve his ________ skills. A) literacy B) problem-solving C) interpersonal D) ethical E) technical

D) ethical

Performance-simulation tests have higher ________, which measures whether applicants perceive the measures to be accurate. A) nominal validity B) nominal reasonability C) face cognitivity D) face validity E) face legitimacy

D) face validity

6) AgriProducers has customers all over the United States that need their soil and crops tested in their labs. The crops and soil are different in the various large areas of the nation, such as the West Coast and the Midwest. Which type of departmentalization would be best for AgriProducers?

D) geographic

Which of the following performance evaluation methods is often used in recommending students to graduate schools? A) written essays B) critical incident analysis C) BARS D) group order ranking E) graphic rating scales

D) group order ranking

4) According to the ________ view of conflict, conflict can be a positive force in a group and some conflict is absolutely necessary for a group to perform effectively.

D) interactionist

By training employees on how to be better listeners, organizations attempt to improve their ________ skills. A) ethical B) technical C) problem-solving D) interpersonal E) cultural

D) interpersonal

Assessment centers are typically used to evaluate a candidate's ________ potential. A) linguistic B) technical C) cognitive D) managerial E) analytical

D) managerial

22) The conflict-handling techniques are characterized by two dimensions, cooperativeness and assertiveness. Cooperativeness indicates the degree to which ________.

D) one party attempts to satisfy the other party's concerns

18) Limited focus of change is a major source of resistance to change that originates from an organizational source. It indicates that ________.

D) organizations consist of a number of interdependent subsystems and one can't be changed without affecting the others

You are introducing self-managed teams and implementing quality-management programs. It would be important to conduct training in ________ skills. A) basic literacy B) technical C) interpersonal D) problem-solving E) interdependence

D) problem-solving

7) Procter & Gamble has separate departments for Tide, Pampers, Charmin, and Pringles. This is an example of departmentalization by ________.

D) product

Written tests are used during the ________ stage of the selection process. A) cognitive B) associative C) analytic D) substantive E) initial

D) substantive

69) Which of the following terms refers to the way an organization transfers inputs into outputs?

D) technology

If a manager uses critical incidents as a method of performance evaluation, then ________. A) the employees generally receive poor ratings B) the evaluator's writing skills become the determining factor of the evaluation C) the employees are more likely to become motivated to achieve their goals D) the focus of the evaluation will center on key behaviors E) the cost of the evaluation is likely to be incredibly high for the organization

D) the focus of the evaluation will center on key behaviors

56) A boundaryless organization is most likely to ________.

D) use 360-degree performance appraisals

67) Pam works for a corporation that recently fired three top managers who were caught using the company credit cards to lavishly furnish their offices and even purchase "office" furniture that was found in their personal homes. Which method of maintaining an ethical culture is Pam's company pursuing?

D) visibly punish unethical acts

67) Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of an organization pursuing an innovation strategy?

Decentralized control

11) A(n) ________ resistance to change clouds the link between the change and the reaction to it and may surface weeks, months, or even years later.

Deferred

32) Which of the following is not one of the five most prevalent climate categories making up the ethical dimensions of organization culture?

Dependence

45) The step in the action research process where information is gathered about problems, concerns, and needed changes is known as the ________ stage.

Diagnosis

53) Which of the following steps of the appreciative inquiry attempts to identify what people think are the organization's strengths?

Discovery

48) Karl is the labor union negotiator. Today, he is meeting with the top management to discuss the new five-year contract, including wages and benefits. This labor-management negotiation over wages is most likely to use ________ bargaining.

Distributive

47) ________ socialization tries to strip away certain characteristics of the recruit.

Divestiture

16) A culture that expresses the core values that are shared by a majority of the organization's members is known as a(n) ________ culture.

Dominant

17) The organizational culture of Rogue Vogue Corp. is an example of a(n) ________.

Dominant culture

63) ________ involves correcting errors by modifying the organization's objectives, policies, and standard routines.

Double loop learning

29) Elena is the senior manager of a scientific operations team at a well-known clinical research organization. The organization delivers more than 4,000 solutions across more than 18 therapeutic areas. Being a perfectionist, Elena has reached her present position through hard work and dedication. Given that she has also worked effectively with teams in the past, she has recently been assigned to lead a team working on a new project which is critical to the company. Elena refuses to allocate any tasks to her team and decides to put in extra hours and weekends to complete the groundwork herself. Based on the information presented here, which of the following would best explain this contradiction?

E) Elena is reluctant to delegate work as she lacks confidence in her team's abilities.

35) A conflict-intensity continuum has "annihilatory conflict" at the upper end and "no conflict" at the lower end. In the context of this conflict-intensity continuum, which of the following statements is true of conflict intensities?

E) Functional conflicts are typically confined to the lower range of the conflict-intensity continuum

57) Which of the following statements is true regarding innovation in organizations?

E) Innovative organizations reward both successes and failures.

67) Xanadu Industries manufactures and sells the same calipers as Utopia Industries. Employee wages account for 35 percent of the cost of manufacturing calipers at both Xanadu Industries and Utopia Industries. Xanadu Industries is seeking a competitive advantage over Utopia Industries. Richard, the manager put in charge of devising a strategy to meet this end, suggests lowering employee wages. This leads to a grave conflict between Richard and the labor union. Which of the following, if true, would suggest that the labor union will accept Richard's suggestion to lower the wages?

E) Many people who work for manufacturing plants live in areas in which the manufacturing plant is the only source of employment.

43) Which of the following steps in Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change represents the refreezing stage in Lewin's three-step model?

E) Reinforce the changes by demonstrating the relationship between new behaviors and organizational success.

35) Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument to use coercive techniques in this situation?

E) The company just finished its peak season, during which employees were required to work overtime and on weekends.

23) While observing the departments in his division, Gordon notices that some managers with wide spans of control seem to perform more effectively than other managers with similarly sized spans of control. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding the high-performing managers?

E) The employees within their departments are highly skilled and very knowledgeable about their jobs.

5) Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument that Fony Corp. should upgrade its technology?

E) The technology which the company is considering adopting was recently developed and has not yet been successfully implemented in a real business context.

Which of the following is most likely to be the fastest growing training medium? A) job rotation B) live classroom lectures C) apprenticeships D) formal mentoring program E) e-training

E) e-training

45) Which one of the following problems is most likely to occur in a matrix structure?

E) employees receiving conflicting directives

53) Which of the following steps could your supervisor take to best help you develop a commitment to your new company?

E) encourage you to develop friendship ties within the organization

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding behavioral structured interviews? A) They are most useful when interviewing knowledge workers. B) They increase an interviewer's reliance on his or her "gut feelings." C) They are conducted in a similar manner as audition-type interviews. D) They are useful only for interviewing nonskilled workers. E) They increase the effectiveness of the interview technique.

E) They increase the effectiveness of the interview technique.

9) Which of the following is not true regarding gender differences in negotiations?

E) Women place a lower value on relationship outcomes than men.

30) A party who seeks to appease an opponent may be willing to place the opponent's interests above his or her own, sacrificing to maintain the relationship. We refer to this conflict-handling intention as ________.

E) accommodating

39) Which of the following conflict management techniques involves designating a critic to purposely argue against the majority positions held by the group?

E) appointing a devils advocate

65) An organizational culture most likely to shape high ethical standards among its members is one that ________.

E) balances the rights of multiple stakeholders

4) The basis by which jobs are grouped is called ________.

E) departmentalization

Marcel hates the annual review process he has to do for the employees in his department. Although he is fully aware of some of his employees' faults, he is reluctant to discuss them in person, and is only comfortable writing them in an unsigned report that his supervisor will review. Marcel's behavior demonstrates ________. A) provision of due process B) inflated assessment of employee performance C) organizational citizenship behavior D) managerial sincerity E) fear of confrontation

E) fear of confrontation

59) Which of the following is a method that companies can use to break down cultural barriers in the global market?

E) form strategic analysis

Jeeves Consulting requires a performance evaluation method that is less time consuming to develop and administer and allows for quantitative analysis and comparison. An appropriate evaluation technique for Jeeves Consulting would be ________. A) written essays B) trait evaluations C) forced comparisons D) 360-degree evaluations E) graphic rating scales

E) graphic rating scales

27) The more the lower-level personnel provide input or are actually given the discretion to make decisions, the ________ within that organization.

E) higher is the degree of decentralization

Due to the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, job applicants ________. A) can be subjected to a drug test only if they are being considered for senior-level management positions B) are never required to submit to a physical exam for a job C) cannot be subjected to a work-sample test after a contingent job offer D) cannot be subjected to behavioral assessment tests before a contingent offer E) may be required to undergo a medical examination after they receive a contingent offer

E) may be required to undergo a medical examination after they receive a contingent offer

Which of the following work-life initiatives is a direct service? A) elder care resources B) adoption assistance C) job sharing D) direct financial assistance E) onsite child care

E) onsite child care

4) Stability is one of the seven primary characteristics that capture the essence of an organization's culture. It indicates the degree to which ________.

E) organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth

8) Conflicts related to how the work gets done are called ________ conflicts.

E) process

30) Publishing representatives who call on college professors to inform them of their company's new publications have a great deal of freedom in their jobs. They have only a general sales pitch, which they tailor as needed. Based on this information, we can say that the job of these publishing representatives ________.

E) scores low on the degree of formalization

34) Mark is the owner of a local shoe business. He has fifteen employees who report directly to him, he makes all the decisions regarding the type and quality of shoes, and he looks after the shop's finances. Which type of organizational structure does Mark have?

E) simple structure

42) You explain to your students the structure of a local grocery store situated in your neighborhood. The store employs two full-time employees, a salesperson and a cashier. The owner of the store acts as its manager and makes all the decisions. Which of the following organizational structures is being described by you?

E) simple structure

During a selection process, the ________ selection stage immediately follows the initial selection stage. A) cognitive B) associative C) analytic D) behavioral E) substantive

E) substantive

55) None of the parties involved in the dispute wants to reach a win-win agreement. They are each highly focused on their demands, which they would like to achieve, otherwise known as their ________ points.

E) target

13) The principle of ________ helps preserve the concept of an unbroken line of authority.

E) unity of command

Work-life conflicts became noticeable in the 1980s when ________. A) the rate of inflation started increasing B) baby boomers' parents began to age C) men started giving more importance to family time D) workloads became historically heavier E) women, with dependent children, started entering the workforce

E) women, with dependent children, started entering the workforce

16) As a result of changing technology and unstable environment, your company is planning to undertake restructuring of the business. The employees in your company are worried about this upcoming change and many of them are anxious due to a fear that they will lose their jobs as a result of this change. But that is not the case. The company only wants to restructure its business units, and it is not planning to cut down on jobs. In such a situation, which of the following techniques is most likely to be used by your company to deal with the employees' resistance to change?

Education and communication

21) Which tactic for overcoming resistance to change basically assumes that the source of resistance lies in misinformation?

Education and communication

30) You have brought in the local extension agent to explain demographics and the changing nature of the area in which you live. The method for overcoming resistance that you have chosen is ________.

Education and communication

39) During the ________ stage, a new employee compares his or her expectations with the realities in the organization.

Encounter

40) If there is a basic conflict between the individual's expectations and the reality of working in an organization, the employee is most likely to be disillusioned and quit during the ________ stage of socialization.

Encounter

41) Higgins has recently joined a new law firm expecting to participate in exciting environmental law cases and cutting-edge research. After one month at the firm, he still hasn't been assigned a case and spends most of his time filing standardized appeals for title disputes with insurance companies. In which stage of the socialization process is Higgins?

Encounter

51) Your first day at work is a part of the ________ stage of socialization.

Encounter

52) When you begin to notice things that are not as you expected, you are in the ________ stage of socialization.

Encounter

68) Political uncertainties, economic uncertainties, and technological change are examples of the ________ factors of potential stress.

Environmental

61) Alcoa headquarters has few individual offices, even for senior executives. The space is essentially made up of cubicles, common areas, and meeting rooms. This informality conveys to employees that Alcoa values ________.

Equality

15) A strong culture can act as a substitute for which of the following?

Formalization

20) Based on the information in the scenario, we can say that Rogue Vogue ________.

Has a strong culture

68) Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of an organization pursuing a cost-minimization strategy?

High centralization

2) Danny's boss is apathetic as to whether Danny works at home, at the office, or from his beach house. All he cares about is that the project is completed on time, on budget, and with exemplary quality. Which characteristic of organizational culture describes this aspect of Danny's job?

High outcome orientation

75) Some individuals want work that makes minimal intellectual demands and provides the security of routine; for them, ________ is a source of job satisfaction.

High work specialization

60) Brian's team just had a research breakthrough. They'll need several thousands of dollars to complete the project. Brian has called a series of meetings in which he's promoting the significance of the new discovery, explaining the economic benefits that will result from the final project, and answering questions. Brian is a(n) ________ within his company.

Idea champion

66) Organizations following a(n) ________ strategy try to both minimize risk and maximize opportunity for profit, moving into new products or new markets only after innovators have proven their viability.

Imitation

13) Which of the following resistances to change is implicit?

Increased error

68) A positive organizational culture emphasizes ________.

Individual vitality and growth

44) Which of the following types of socialization involves putting the new employee directly into the job, with little or no special attention?

Informal socialization

56) Which of the following types of changes involves a new idea being applied to initiating or improving a product, process, or service?

Innovation

65) A(n) ________ strategy emphasizes the introduction of major new products and services.

Innovation

27) A(n) ________ organization is an organization that takes on a life of its own, apart from its founders or members; it is valued for itself and not for the goods or services it produces.

Institutionalized

21) ________ is the third stage in the conflict process and it intervenes between people's perceptions and their overt behavior.

Intention

45) ________ socialization assumes that the newcomer's qualities and qualifications are the necessary ingredients for job success, so these qualities and qualifications are confirmed and supported.

Investiture

30) The ultimate source of an organization's culture is ________.

Its founders

79) Elaine is very good at what she does, but she is constantly stressed by internal deadlines assigned to co-workers, obligatory meetings, and time lost in unrelated idle cubicle chatter. Today, after a meeting with her supervisor, she has been given more responsibility for her work, is able to set her own deadlines, decline attendance to various department meetings, and telecommute two days a week. Elaine's boss is using which of the following organizational strategies to reduce her stress?

Job redesign

75) Which of the following types of jobs is least likely to create stress and reduce satisfaction?

Jobs that provide a high level of feedback

38) Who built on Lewin's three-step model to create a more detailed eight-step plan for implementing change?

John Kotter

33) Who developed a three-step model for change that included unfreezing, movement, and refreezing?

Kurt Lewin

17) Which of the following is an example of an organizational source of resistance to change?

Limited focus of change

1) Manuel is a manager for a manufacturing company in which managers are expected to fully document all decisions and in which it is important to provide detailed data to support any recommendations. Also, out-of-the-box thinking is dissuaded. Which characteristic of organizational culture describes this aspect of Manuel's job?

Low risk taking

24) Using covert influence to overcome resistance to change is called ________.

Manipulation

25) Management of a company threatens to close a manufacturing plant in the company whose employees are resisting an across-the-board pay cut. But this threat is actually untrue. In this case, which of the following tactics of overcoming resistance to change is being used by the management?

Manipulation

27) Which tactic to overcome resistance to change is a relatively inexpensive way to gain the support of adversaries, but may backfire if the targets become aware of the tactic?

Manipulation

64) Ask Socrates Inc. employees are allowed to dress informally. This is an example of a ________ through which organizational culture is transmitted.

Material symbol

36) The process of socialization consists of three stages. Which of the following is one of these three stages?

Metamorphosis

42) During the socialization process, to work out any problems discovered during the encounter stage, the new member changes or goes through the ________ stage.

Metamorphosis

49) By the end of the ________ stage of socialization, the new members internalize and accept the norms of the organization and their work group, are confident in their competence, and feel trusted and valued by their peers.

Metamorphosis

54) When you start to accept the differences between your expectations and the reality of the organization, you move into the ________ stage of socialization.

Metamorphosis

36) Which of the following is one of the three steps in the Lewin's three-step change model?

Movement

9) Which of the following reactions from employees is preferable as a response to change?

Open discussion

69) Jerry is feeling very stressed because his boss expects a project to be delivered to the client within a very unreasonable deadline. Jerry has to work nights and weekends to make the deadline. Jerry is feeling stress due to a(n) ________ factor.

Organizational

25) ________ refers to the shared perceptions organizational members have about their organization and work environment.

Organizational climate

47) The deemphasizing of hierarchical authority and control in organizational development is referred to as ________.

Power equalization

26) Grace works for a pet store where everyone is committed to the happiness of the animals. Often employees, bosses, and hourly workers alike come into the store "off the clock" and spend time training the animals. Everyone loves the store, the animals, and their jobs. This attitude of her co-workers inspires Grace to do her best. Based on this information, we can say that Grace is experiencing the effects of ________.

Organizational climate

46) ________ is a collection of change methods that seek to improve organizational effectiveness and employee well-being.

Organizational development

10) It is easiest for management to deal with resistance when it is ________.

Overt

31) You have decided to involve the sales personnel in planning for the change and in stocking appropriate new items to sell to gardeners. The method for overcoming resistance that you have chosen is ________.

Participation

3) Which of the following characteristics of an organization's culture indicates the degree to which management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization?

People orientation

70) Family issues, economic problems, and personality characteristics are examples of the ________ factor of potential stress.

Personal

73) Rudolf is dealing with impending layoffs at work. Yesterday, at a pharmacy, he measured his blood pressure and it was high. He also notices that when he thinks about the future, his heart rate accelerates. Rudolf is demonstrating ________ symptoms of stress.

Physiological

7) A paper sales company designs and offers a new method of purchasing and shipping commercial quantities of paper through its Web site. The company used to do its business through its sales representative. This is an example of a(n) ________ change.

Planned

49) Which of the following is an organizational development technique that involves an outsider assisting a manager to identify what to improve and how?

Process consultation

64) In order to make their firm a learning organization, managers should ________.

Redesign the organizational structure

74) Work specialization contributes to higher employee productivity, but at the price of ________.

Reduced job satisfaction

67) One of Carl's department employees was severely injured on the job. Carl has called in psychological counselors to talk to the other employees and scheduled a series of safety trainings for the department to be completed by the end of the week. He has also asked the HR personnel to talk to the department about the disability insurance that the company offers and make sure that his employees know what is available. Carl is using ________ to help cope with the stress caused by his employee's injury.

Resources

58) Bart has a new idea for a way to cut costs in his department, but he is not willing to share his idea with his boss because the last department head that tried new cost cutting methods was recently fired because the new methods could not achieve expected results. Based on the example, how can Bart's company improve the culture to create innovation?

Reward both successes and failures

70) Patricia is a team leader. When looking at an e-mail from one of her team members, Patricia noticed that the e-mail was sent at nine-thirty in the evening. The next day she personally went to the employee's cubicle and told him how much she appreciated him staying late to get the project to the client on time. Which aspect of creating a positive organizational culture is Patricia utilizing?

Rewarding more than punishing

64) Which of the following is typically a characteristic of the mechanistic model of organization?

Rigid departmentalization

63) The regular distribution of lollipops, toys, or treats every Friday is an example of a ________ that helps reinforce Ask Socrates' culture.

Ritual

58) Company chants are examples of ________.

Rituals

31) The ________ process helps candidates learn about the organization, and if employees perceive a conflict between their values and those of the organization, they can remove themselves from the applicant pool.

Selection

48) ________ is a method of changing behavior through unstructured group interaction.

Sensitivity training

48) Apprenticeship is an example of ________ socialization.

Serial

55) Your supervisor provides you a mentor to help you with your work and guide you. This shows that your supervisor is using a(n) ________ socialization technique.

Serial

22) When formal authority and control systems are reduced, the ________ provided by a strong culture ensure(s) that everyone is pointed in the same direction.

Shared meaning

62) ________ involves correcting errors using past routines and present policies.

Single loop learning

71) Benny is stressed with the new corporate reorganization. He now reports to a foreign office that has usurped many of his responsibilities, including the contract labor for his projects. Therefore, he's working with new and less qualified contractors with whom he doesn't have a relationship. However, the managers of the other departments find themselves in the same boat, and every day they are able to laugh over lunch about their new managerial impotence. ________ is helping Benny handle his stress.

Social support

2) Organizations are increasingly adjusting their processes and positioning their products as environment friendly and sustainable in order to increase their appeal to consumers. This is a response to changes in ________.

Social trends

35) ________ is a process that helps new employees adapt to the prevailing organizational culture

Socialization

56) ________ typically contain narratives about the organization's founders, rule breaking, and reactions to past mistakes.

Stories

57) Bruce is new at Wayne Corp., but after a week he already knows that the founder of the corporation started the business in his garage with only $4,000 and one client. This information was most likely transmitted to Bruce by way of ________.

Stories

62) Which of the following is most likely to be used by Ask Socrates Inc. to inform its new employees about its founders?

Stories

65) ________ is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, demand, or resource related to what the individual desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important.

Stress

14) Organizations have built-in mechanisms—like their selection processes and formalized regulations—to produce stability. When an organization is confronted with change, these mechanisms act as a counterbalance to sustain stability. Which of the following organizational sources of resistance to change is represented by these mechanisms?

Structural inertia

20) After restructuring, your division has had trouble filling the open positions with appropriate candidates. The selection processes used by human resources have not yet adjusted to the new criteria required for the restructured job positions. This problem is an example of which kind of resistance to change?

Structural inertia

19) In addition to the organizational culture at Rogue Vogue Corp, the finance department emphasizes attention to detail. In this example, attention to detail is a part of the ________ of the organization.

Subculture

76) Louise is overwhelmed with the new tasks that she has been assigned after the department merger. Each day, she arrives at work and makes a list of the new tasks, writes a number next to each one according to the urgency of completion, and schedules a time to complete each one. Although she's still stressed, Louise is able to get most of the work done and feels better at the end of the day. Louise is using ________ techniques to reduce her stress.

Time management

23) Procedural fairness while implementing changes is especially important when ________.

The employees perceive the outcome as negative

28) Culture is most likely to be a liability when ________.

The organizations environment is dynamic

61) Idea champions display characteristics associated with ________ leadership.

Transformational

6) An example of change in competition is ________.

U.S. manufactured Toyota vehicles

72) Risa has to work long hours and sometimes weekends, losing out on family time. Risa doesn't find her long hours overly stressful, but rather she sees it as her contribution to maintaining her family's equilibrium and well-being and bettering her children's future. In which country is Risa most likely employed?

Venezuela

23) In ________ organizations, the lack of frequent face-to-face contact makes establishing a common set of norms very difficult.

Virtual

78) Organizationally supported programs that focus on the employee's total physical and mental condition, such as helping them quit smoking or control alcohol use, are called ________ programs.

Wellness

11) ________ are indicators of a strong organizational culture.

Widely shared values

19) Stage II of the conflict process deals with the conflict being ________.

perceived and felt

28) The conflict-handling intention of accommodating is ________.

unassertive and cooperative