MGMT 4030 - PRACTICE final exam
_____ is a crucial step in managing change that examines the skills and competencies that employees must have to achieve the goals of the change.
A needs analysis
_____ is a cultural orientation in which individuals belong to tightly knit social frameworks and depend strongly on extended families or clans.
Collectivism
_____ play a central role in setting the ethical tone and values for organizations.
Corporate leaders
Which of the following is a difference between distributive bargaining and integrative negotiation?
Distributive bargaining is a win-lose approach to negotiations, whereas integrative negotiation is a win-win approach to negotiations.
_____ is the applied science of energy and matter.
Engineering
_____ is a social exchange process approach to motivation that focuses on the interaction between an individual and the environment.
Equity theory
Seek & Swipe, an e-commerce website, plans to offer discounts on its latest product offerings to ten of its most loyal customers. To maximize its ability to convey the message clearly, which of the following communication media will Seek and Swipe most likely use?
Face-to-face discussions
A nonadaptive organizational culture is a culture that encourages confidence and risk taking among employees.
False
A retirement dinner is a good example of a rite of enhancement.
False
Career anchors are seldom modified by work or life experiences.
False
Enacted values are what the members of an organization say they value.
False
In the context of work teams, integrated involvement results in social isolation.
False
Reward and punishment decisions solely affect the people receiving the consequence.
False
The presence of a wild turkey in the upper echelons of an organization is invariably a negative force.
False
Those with an internal locus of control believe that outside forces such as fate, chance, or other people control what happens to them.
False
Transactional leaders inspire and excite followers to high levels of performance.
False
Work teams emphasize individual leadership, personal accountability, and exclusive work products. .
False
_____ is an aggressive mechanism in which an individual keeps up a dysfunctional behavior that obviously will not solve a conflict.
Fixation
Which of the following statements is true of Adam Smith's concept of self-interest?
He assumed that people are motivated by self-interest for economic gain.
_____ are shortcuts in decision making that save mental activity.
Heuristics
_____ are a group of separate but integrated human resource (HR) practices that aim to increase employee efficiency and organizational productivity.
High-performance work systems
In terms of core values, which of the following is a difference between adaptive organizational cultures and nonadaptive organizational cultures?
In adaptive organizational cultures, most managers care deeply about customers, whereas in nonadaptive organizational cultures, most managers care mainly about themselves.
_____ is the process of affecting the thoughts, behavior, or feelings of another person.
Influence
In the context of the ABC model of an attitude, which of the following is true of affect?
It can be measured by physiological indicators.
Identify a true statement about management by objectives.
It clarifies what is expected of employees.
Which of the following statements is true of job satisfaction?
It does not have a clear relationship with performance.
Which of the following statements is true of the divisionalized form of organizational structure?
It emphasizes the importance of middle management.
Which of the following best defines emotional exhaustion?
It is a form of psychological fatigue caused by energy depletion.
Which of the following is true of the expectancy theory of motivation?
It is time-consuming, and the values for each construct change over time for an individual.
Which of the following is true of functional turnover?
It occurs when an organization loses employees who have little or no value to the organization.
Which of the following statements is true of job enrichment?
It recommends increasing the recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for achievement.
Which of the following is true of bridge employment?
It takes place after a person retires from full-time work but before a permanent withdrawal from the workforce.
Which of the following steps would enable organizations to develop an effective global organizational culture?
Management should award employees who support the global view.
_____ is one of the four basic types of nonverbal communication that managers need to understand.
Paralanguage
Sarah believes that work is an activity that is bound by specified time periods and does not bring positive feelings. In the context of the six patterns people follow in defining work, Sara follows _____.
Pattern F
_____ is a relatively stable set of characteristics that influences an individual's behavior.
Personality
_____ are simple rules used to determine final group decisions.
Social decision schemes
Which of the following is a form of differentiation?
Spatial differentiation
_____ is a group-focused organization development intervention technique designed to improve the effectiveness of a work group.
Team building
Which of the following media is considered high in information richness?
Telephones
In which of the following ways has the basic design dimensions of organizational structure been affected by advanced information-processing technologies?
The basis of centralization has been changed.
Which of the following is an internal force that can stimulate the need for change in an organization?
The resignation of a key decision maker
Which of the following is most true of behavioral measures of personality?
They examine an individual's behavior in a controlled situation.
Which of the following statements is true of self-managed teams?
They have a positive impact on employee attitudes.
Which of the following statements is true of employees with high general self-efficacy?
They have more confidence in their job-related abilities.
Which of the following is true of the government sectors of the economy?
They provide essential infrastructure to the public.
A memo from a company's president to all employees is an example of one-way communication.
True
An individual with a positive self-concept tends to notice positive attributes in another person.
True
Because punishment is discomforting to the individual being punished, it can bring about negative psychological, emotional, performance, or behavioral consequences, especially when applied too often.
True
Besides the obvious geographic differences associated with globalization, there may be deep cultural and value-system differences between the various countries that an organization operates in.
True
Employees with highly developed emotional intelligence skills will be more likely to respond positively to goal congruence.
True
Executive coaching is increasingly used to outsource the business mentoring functions.
True
Machiavellianism is a personality characteristic involving one's willingness to do whatever it takes to get one's own way.
True
Medicine focuses on both physical and psychological health as well as industrial mental health.
True
Professional jargon may serve only to confuse and derail any attempt at clear understanding of a message by those unfamiliar with the profession.
True
The formal elements of an organization must always be considered because they provide the context for the informal elements of the organization.
True
To guard against groupthink, devil's advocacy or dialectical inquiry would be effective.
True
Type B people often recognize Type A behavior and can help Type A individuals judge situations realistically.
True
The bounded rationality model assumes that managers:
are comfortable making decisions without determining all the alternatives.
An individual who consistently communicates nondefensively may be characterized as _____.
assertive
The _____ to job design emphasizes a person's interaction with physical aspects of the work environment and is concerned with the amount of physical exertion required.
biological approach
In the context of the career stage model, _____ are sequences of job experiences along which employees move during their careers.
career paths
One of the causes of conflict related to an organization's structure is _____.
common resources
In the context of Harold Kelly's attribution theory, _____ is an informational cue indicating the extent to which peers in the same situation behave in a similar fashion.
consensus
Corporations and business enterprises tend to subscribe to _____.
consequential ethics
In the context of influence tactics, _____ is particularly effective for gaining support and resources for a new project.
consultation
In the context of conflict management strategies, the _____ is founded on assumptions like the potential for win-win outcomes, honest communication, trust, openness to risk and vulnerability, and the notion that the whole may be greater than the sum of the parts.
cooperative strategy
In the context of the path-goal theory of leadership, the _____ is used when a leader must give specific guidance about work tasks, schedule work, and let followers know what is expected.
directive style
Anything that disrupts the consistency between an individual's attitudes and behaviors causes _____.
dissonance
The area an organization claims for itself with respect to how it fits into its relevant environments is known as its _____.
domain
In the context of influence tactics, offering to do favors for someone in an effort to create a favorable impression is a(n) _____ tactic.
exchange
Adams's theory of inequity suggests that people are motivated when they:
find themselves in situations of unfairness.
Type A behavior in individuals can be modified by:
helping them recognize that they are prone to the Type A pattern.
Increasing worker control is a strategy of preventive stress management that can be accomplished by:
increasing job decision latitude.
Tess, a real estate broker, has access to details regarding houses for sale in her locality. Prospective buyers can approach Tess to inquire about the availability of houses and their rates. In this scenario, Tess exercises _____.
information power
According to the first studies of leadership, _____ is identified as an ability of a leader.
insight
Referent power is an elusive power that is based on _____.
interpersonal attraction between an agent and a target
Priya, a software developer at SkillThink, is instructed by her team leader to minimize interaction with other team members. However, her project manager says that interacting with other team members can provide new insights for her projects. In this scenario, Priya most likely experiences _____.
intrarole conflict
When psychological contracts are broken or breached, employees experience negative emotional reactions that can lead to:
loss of trust.
In an effective work group, _____ enhance togetherness, cooperation, and teamwork, enabling members to achieve psychological intimacy while furthering the success of a team.
maintenance functions
In the context of empowerment, _____ is a fit between a work role and an employee's values and beliefs.
meaning
The behaviorist approach to learning assumes that:
observable behavior is a function of its consequences.
Harold is a sales manager associated with TickTock Watches for the past thirty-five years; he was instrumental in the company's success. As an attempt to dissuade Harold from complete cessation of work, the management of TickTock Watches provided Harold with reduced working hours and offered him the role of a mentor. In this scenario, the arrangement offered to Harold by TickTock Watches is _____.
phased retirement
In the context of situational favorableness, _____ refers to the authority associated with a leader's formal post in an organization.
position power
With rapid changes in business environment such as globalization, workforce diversity, and technological innovation, managers must focus on:
reinforcing ethical behavior.
Unlike a technocentric approach, an anthropocentric approach:
relies on a more humanistic process in the design of work.
Steve, a member of Research and Development team at SourceQuestions, feels that his ideas and suggestions are always dismissed by his manager. As a result, Steve relies on the efforts and suggestions of his teammates and fails to contribute any new ideas to the team. In the context of group behavior, Steve's actions can be described as _____.
social loafing
In the context of internal components of organizations, the _____ is the wide range of tools, knowledge, and/or techniques used to transform inputs into outputs.
technology
The job strain model suggests that:
the combination of stringent demands and restricted control leads to a high-strain job.
The need for achievement involves:
the determination to overcome difficulties.
Classical conditioning has limited applicability to human behavior in organizations because:
the human capacity for decision making can override simple conditioning.
In the context of the path-goal theory of leadership, the participative style is used when:
the leader must engage in joint decision-making activities with followers.
In the context of the U.S. workforce, minority workers are less likely to be prepared to face severe economic difficulties and high crime rates in large cities because:
they are less likely to have had satisfactory schooling.
To have a successful career, the best attitude toward organizational change is:
to think of change as the central focus of work and not a disruption.
People in cultures with low uncertainty avoidance:
tolerate ambiguity better.
Cultural differences between _____ are perceived as microcultural differences.
two generations of Japanese people
The competing style of conflict management should be used:
when quick, decisive action is vital.
Research indicates that _____.
women are more risk averse than men
