MGMT 4320 Practice 5

Which term describes someone who cares more about what they put into a group project than the rewards they receive from participating in the project?

high equity sensitivity

The theory that explains how people strive for fairness in social exchanges is ________ theory.

equity

The job design method that puts more variety into a job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty is:

job enlargement

Which statement is an example of Vroom's concept of instrumentality?

If I meet my performance goals, I will receive a promotion.

An unfair social exchange, such as not being paid for overtime worked, is likely to do which of the following?

Motivate the employee to correct the situation. Lead to changes in the employee's attitude or behavior. Cause cognitive dissonance in the employee.

What motivates corrective action in equity theory?

cognitive dissonance

What are the key elements of equity theory?

comparison of the ratio of outputs to inputs outputs inputs

The job characteristics model builds intrinsic motivation by:

designing jobs with the five core characteristics

Expectancy theory states that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce

desired combinations of expected outcomes.

Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered outputs in Adam's Elements of ____________ theory

equity

Psychologist J. Stacy Adams first applied ___________ theory in the workplace.

equity

Which term describes the idea that not all individuals prefer an equal ratio of outputs to incomes?

equity sensitivity

Job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments are known as _______________ deals

idiosycratic

What are job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments?

idiosyncratic deals

Education, skills, creativity, experience, and personal appearance can all be perceived as ______________ in Adam's equity theory

inputs

Feelings of inequity are based on whether you perceive that the outputs you receive are adequate to compensate for your collective ___________________.

inputs

The form of organizational justice that reflects whether people are told the truth and treated with respect is:

interactional justice

The approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work is known as ____________ ____________.

job crafting

The approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work is known as:

job crafting

The activities that involve alteration of specific jobs or sets of interdependent jobs to improve employee experience and motivation are known as ___________________

job design

The psychological mechanisms that guide the direction, intensity, and persistence of one's behaviors or thoughts are known as:

motivation

Using Vroom's expectancy theory to predict motivation, it can be said that:

motivation will be high when all three elements are high

In Vroom's expectancy theory, instrumentality is the relationship between which two factors?

performance outcome

Advantages of designing jobs using job rotation include:

providing employees with a broader perspective of the organization building employee knowledge and ability to promote from within increased worker flexibility for scheduling through cross-training

The job design method that moves employees from one job to another is job

rotation

The top-down approaches to job design include:

the job characteristics model job enlargement scientific management

What role does cognitive dissonance play in equity theory?

It motivates people to maintain consistency between their beliefs and their behavior.

The theories that focus on identifying the factors that motivate employees are known as ______ theories.

content

The job design method that puts more variety into a job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty is job ___________

enlargement

The job design method that offers an employee the opportunity to experience achievement, recognition, and stimulating work through vertical loading is job ____________

enrichment

What does equity theory explain?

how people strive for fairness in social exchanges how people strive for fairness in give-and-take relationships

Employees' perceptions of _________________ are enhanced when they have a voice in the decision-making process.

justice

Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered ______ in Adam's equity theory.

outputs

Equity theory uses a comparison of the ratio of __________ to _____________.

outputs inputs

The kind of management that sets standards established by facts gained from systematic observation, experiment, or reasoning is:

scientific management

Which approach to job design often creates jobs that are very simple, repetitive, and boring?

scientific management

Job enrichment is the job design method that uses ________________ loading to improve motivation

vertical

Which of the following statements are consistent with Locke and Latham's findings about goal setting?

Successful goal achievement reinforces employee satisfaction and leads to setting higher goals. People need the ability and resources to achieve the goal. Goals that are specific and difficult lead to higher performance.

The form of organizational justice that reflects the perceived fairness of how rewards are allocated is:

distributive justice

Which of the following are considered outputs in equity theory? (Check all that apply.)

recognition bonuses

Who pioneered the use of equity theory in the workplace?

J. Stacy Adams

One way managers can improve employee perceptions of procedural justice is to:

allow them to participate in important work decisions

Altering jobs to improve employee experience and productivity is called job

design

True or false: Research in more than 1000 different studies from a wide range of countries show that goal setting helps achieve success.

true

Promoting high intrinsic motivation by designing jobs with the five core job characteristics is the goal of which approach to job design?

job characteristics model

Scientific management designs jobs based on which of the following?

systematic observation experimentation reason

The question "What are the chances of reaching my performance goal?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

expectancy

According to equity theory, people compare

their output-to-input ratio to that of relevant others.

Select all of the characteristics that are influenced by motivation.

direction of behavior or thought intensity of behavior or thought persistence of behavior or thought

Which of the following are problems that often arise with jobs based on Taylor's scientific management methods?

poor mental health high levels of dissatisfaction and stress low sense of accomplishment

The theory that can be used to predict behavior in any situation where there is a choice between two or more alternatives is:

expectancy theory

Research has shown that setting ______________ helps individuals, teams, and organizations to achieve success.

goals

The top-down job design method that creates jobs that are very simplified and repetitive is scientific ___________________

management

Which of the following are among the top-down approaches to job design?

Job enlargement Job rotation Scientific management

According to goal setting theory, which of the following are needed in order for goals to motivate employees?

ability to achieve the goal commitment to the goal goal specificity

Vroom's __________________ theory requires that all three of the elements must be high for motivation to be high.

expectancy

In Adams' equity theory, knowledge, experience, education, and effort expended all are perceived as:

inputs

The question "What are the chances of receiving various outcomes if I achieve my performance goals?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

instrumentality

The quantifiability of a goal is known as goal _________________

specificity

The theories that focus on explaining the process by which internal and situational factors influence employee motivation are known as ______ theories.

process