MGMT Chapter 2
When managing her company, Priya, the owner of ABC Manufacturing, utilizes the behavioral viewpoint of management, which emphasizes ways to manage work more efficiently.
FALSE The classical viewpoint emphasizes finding ways to manage work more efficiently It has two branches—scientific and administrative.
Olde Manufacturing, a parts supplier to the auto industry, has been using the behavioral approach to management for over 100 years. However, since that method of management is too simplistic for practical use, Olde should begin implementing the newer and more sophisticated human relations movement approach to management.
FALSE The human relations movement was a necessary correction to the sterile approach used within scientific management, but its optimism came to be considered too simplistic for practical use. More recently, the human relations view has been superseded by the behavioral science approach to management
A problem with the classical viewpoint is that it does not consider overall company and global problems and goals.
FALSE; a flaw in the classical viewpoint is that it is mechanistic; it tends to view humans as cogs within a machine, not taking into account the importance of human needs.
Scientific management focused on ways to improve worker morale.
FALSE; Scientific management emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers.
Outputs are the products, services, profits, losses, employee satisfaction or discontent, and the like that are produced by the organization. Outputs are the products, services, profits, losses, employee satisfaction or discontent, and the like that are produced by the organization.
TRUE
A local furniture retailer routinely develops and acquires new knowledge, and the employees communicate what they learn to other employees, so the company is able to modify its behavior to reflect what they have learned. This organization is an example of a learning organization.
TRUE
Carmakers have broken down automobile manufacturing into its basic tasks, such as on an assembly line, because the application of scientific methods and job specialization boosts productivity.
TRUE
While discussing approaches to boost organization productivity, Rene, the president of an auto manufacturer, was interested in a rational approach that through the application of scientific methods, time and motion studies, and job specialization found it is possible to increase productivity. This is the essence of the ____ viewpoint. v
classical
Within his company, Greg has set up a system with inputs, outputs, transformation processes, and feedback. Within his organization he utilizes a management style that varies according to the individual and environmental situation, with a strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production. Greg is utilizing a _______ perspective.
contemporary
Thomas has been studying Hugo Munsterberg's suggestions, and like Munsterberg, Thomas believes that psychologists can contribute to industry by _____.
devising management strategies to influence employees to follow management's interests
A pay structure, in which more efficient workers earn higher wages, as suggested by Frederick W. Taylor, is known as a(n) _____ system.
differential rate
The historical perspective includes three viewpoints: _______.
Classical, behavioral, quantitative
By identifying the "therbligs" in a job, such as the supplies of a bricklayer, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were able to eliminate costs while simultaneously reducing supplies wasted.
FALSE A made-up word you won't find in most dictionaries, therblig was coined by Frank Gilbreth which refers to 1 of 17 basic motions. By identifying the therbligs in a job, Frank and his wife, Lillian, were able to eliminate motions while simultaneously reducing fatigue.
Joe, a plant manager, was interested in utilizing the differential rate system of scientific management in his factory because it suggested paying workers less to cut costs when production first increased.
FALSE; Frederick Taylor suggested employers institute a differential rate system, in which more efficient workers earned higher wages.
Don, a production manager, has decided to utilize the Hawthorne effect in his facility because studies have shown that this theory will increase production by giving more independence to employees as they receive less attention.
FALSE; The Hawthorne effect theorized that employees worked harder if they received added attention, if they thought that managers cared about their welfare and that supervisors paid special attention to them.
Paul, an MBA student and small-business owner, is interested in implementing the administrative management approach because this method of management focuses on improving employee morale.
FALSE; Administrative management is concerned with managing the total organization
Abraham Maslow said that all needs are equal in importance and need to be satisfied daily.
FALSE; abraham Maslow would say some needs must be satisfied before others.
The five ingredients of a learning organization are acquiring knowledge, training, studying knowledge, pondering, and monitoring employees.
FALSE; creating and acquiring knowledge, transferring knowledge, and modifying behavior
The behavioral viewpoint emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and increasing diversity.
FALSE; the behavioral viewpoint emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement
In a fixed-learning system, company employees typically will participate in continuous learning, such as workshops on product improvements, more often than in organizations with an open system.
FALSE; the concept of open system, which stresses feedback from multiple environmental factors, both inside and outside the organization, attempts to ensure a continuous learning process to correct old mistakes and avoid new ones
That organizations should be operated as "communities," with managers and subordinates working together in harmony, is one of the proposals of ____
Mary Parker Follett
Gary Hamel of the Management Innovation Lab suggests that core beliefs about an organization can be rooted out by repeatedly asking the right questions, such as, "Is this a belief worth challenging?" or "Is this belief universally valid?"
TRUE
Operations management focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products and services more efficiently
TRUE
Quality is seen as one of the most important ways of adding value to products and services, thereby distinguishing them from those of competitors.
TRUE
Susan, a department manager, believes that since the corporate office eliminated certain benefits to reduce costs, her employees have not been working as hard as in the past. This reduction in effort is known as "soldiering."
TRUE; Frederick Taylor called deliberately working at less than full capacity soldiering.
The contemporary perspective of management includes three viewpoints: systems, contingency, and quality management.
TRUE; The contemporary perspective of management includes three viewpoints: systems, contingency, and quality management.
Motion studies broke down each worker's job into basic physical motions and then trained workers to use the methods of their best-performing coworkers.
True; Frederick Taylor based his scientific management system (part of the classical viewpoint) on motion studies, in which he broke down each worker's job into basic physical motions and then trained workers to use the methods of their best-performing coworkers.
Sal, a production manager, knows that some of his employees are upset with the new corporate policy, and as a result, are participating in soldiering. To eliminate soldiering Sal can ___.
carefully select workers according to their abilities and give workers training
The management approach that emphasized ways to manage work more efficiently is the ___ viewpoint.
classical
The behavioral viewpoint developed over the following phases: _____.
early behaviorism, human relations movement, behavioral science
When faced with a business problem, Sally, a young grocery store owner, discusses business problems with Don, the assistant manager and an employee for over 30 years. Sally believes Don "has seen it all" and knows there are few really new ideas; plus the business has done many simple things, such as offering friendly service, to have a competitive edge. This is an example of _____ management.
evidence-based
The beliefs that there are few really new ideas and that true is better than new are two of the foundational principles of ___.
evidence-based management
A large production company has been utilizing the Hawthorne effect in its 12 international factories, and it has seen great success from implementing the Hawthorne principles that propose that ____.
giving more attention to employees increase worker productivity, if they think managers care about them
The classical viewpoint of management emphasized ways to ___.
manage work more efficiently
Tom, the manager of floral shop, is interested in implementing the principles of administrative management, which involves ____.
managing the total organization
Amy is a package delivery service manager. She is interested in implementing the management philosophy pioneered by Frederick W. Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, which scientifically studies work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers, known as ____.
scientific management
Mateo, an IT manager, has been studying the work methods of each task to increase the productivity of the employees in his department. Mateo is utilizing ____.
scientific management
Mary Parker Follett anticipated some of today's concepts, such as _____.
self-managed teams and worker empowerment
Susan, a movie theater manager, has observed that as workers feel some company policies are not fair, the employees have not been working as hard as in the past. This reduction in effort is known as ____.
soldiering
Hugo Munsterberg was known as ___
the father of industrial psychology
Quality assurance focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for "minimal defects."
FALSE; ZERO DEFECTS
The historical perspective of management includes three viewpoints—systems, contingency, and quality management.
False; The historical perspective of management includes three viewpoints: classical, behavioral, and quantitative.The historical perspective of management includes three viewpoints: classical, behavioral, and quantitative.
The father of scientific management is _____.
Frederick Taylor
Don, a restaurant manager and MBA student, was reflecting on a how he can apply the classical management viewpoint in his store from a recent class, which supposes his employees are rational in their decisions.
In general, classical management assumes that people are rational
Scientific management emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers.
TRUE
The customers of Best Auto Sales complete an online survey after purchasing an automobile from Best. The information from the customer survey is a form of feedback
TRUE
With TQM, it is vital that organizations listen to and learn from their customers and employees and make continuous improvement a priority.
TRUE
Ann, an industrial psychologist, has been studying Hugo Munsterberg's beliefs of human behavior in the workplace because she feels his principles could contribute to her industry, namely to determine which people are best suited to specific jobs, to identify the psychological conditions under which employees do their best work, and devise management strategies to influence employees to follow management's interests.
TRUE; Munsterberg suggested that psychologists could contribute to industry in three ways: (1) study jobs and determine which people are best suited to specific jobs, (2) identify the psychological conditions under which employees do their best work, and (3) devise management strategies to influence employees to follow management's interests.
When Mr. Jones, the owner of a local hardware store, asks one of his lawnmower suppliers about the total ability of their product to meet customer needs, he is questioning the quality of that mower.
TRUE; quality refers to the total ability of a product or service to meet customer needs
The just-in-time approach, which comes under the term lean management, allows organizations to obtain supplies from vendors only as they are needed in the factory.
TRUE; the just-in-time approach, which comes under the term lean management, allows organizations to obtain supplies from vendors only as they are needed in the factory
To better meet corporate goals this year, Donna, a CEO, is encouraging her managers to focus on the major functions of management, which include ______.
planning, organizing, leading, controlling
Wanda, a CEO, has been encouraging her managers to study and utilize theoretical perspectives of management because this approach _____.
provides clues to the meaning of your managers' decisions
The human relations movement proposed that better rules and procedures could increase worker productivity.
FALSE; The human relations movement proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity.
Quantitative management is the sales management theory related to determining if a prospective customer really qualifies for the company's product or service.
FALSE; Quantitative management emphasizes the application to management of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations
Many times when working with a new manager, Amy, a successful small-business owner, asks the manager, "What management method do you think will work best in this situation?" In this situation, Amy is utilizing the scientific management approach.
FALSE; The manager following the contingency viewpoint would ask, "What method is the best to use under these particular circumstances?" The contingency viewpoint emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to-- that is, be contingent on-- the individual and the environment situation
A system is an organization's method of determining if employees succeed.
FALSE; a system is a set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose
Max Weber felt that bureaucracy is irrational, inefficient, and not ideal for organizations.
FALSE; to him, a bureaucracy was a rational, efficient, ideal organization based on principles of logic.
Mary Parker Follett believed that organizations should be under heavy management control, with managers resolving conflicts and controlling the work process.
FALSE Mary Parker Follett believed that (1) organizations should be operated as "communities," with managers and subordinates working together in harmony; (2) conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties—a process she called integration; and (3) the work process should be under the control of workers with the relevant conflicts resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that satisfy both parties, a process she called integration.
Studying theoretical perspectives of management can help a manager in many ways, but seldom provides new ideas in new situations.
FALSE; Studying theoretical perspectives of management can, among other things, provide new ideas that may be useful to you when you come up against new situations.
Evidence-based management is based on the belief that understanding the sound complete truths of conventional managerial wisdom and accepting much of the nonsense that often passes for sound advice can at times help organizations perform better.
False; As Stanford business scholars Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert Sutton put it, evidence-based management is based on the belief that "facing the hard facts about what works and what doesn't, understanding the dangerous half-truths that constitute so much conventional wisdom about management, and rejecting the total nonsense that too often passes for sound advice will help organizations perform better."
Right Office Equipment continually talks with customers after they purchase their products, and Right Office managers regularly visit customers to gather feedback on new products, product improvements, and how Right Office can better serve their customers. This is an example of an open system. Right Office Equipment continually talks with customers after they purchase their products, and Right Office managers regularly visit customers to gather feedback on new products, product improvements, and how Right Office can better serve their customers. This is an example of an open system.
TRUE
To develop a learning organization, managers must build a commitment to learning, work to generate ideas with impact, and work to generalize ideas with impact.
TRUE
Understanding theoretical perspectives of management will help you understand why some practices are still favored, whether for right or wrong reasons.
TRUE
W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran were pioneers of the quality-management movement
TRUE
The behavioral viewpoint emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement.
TRUE; The behavioral viewpoint emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement.
Behavioral science relies on data from past sales to determine forecasts regarding human behavior to develop strategic plans and goals.
FALSE Behavioral science relies on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers. The disciplines of behavioral science include psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics.
Donna, the president of a national restaurant chain, believes that studying theoretical perspectives of management seldom gives clues to the meaning of outside events that could affect her company.
FALSE; Studying theoretical perspectives of management gives clues to the meaning of outside events. It may allow you to understand events outside the organization that could affect it or you.
The behavioral viewpoint of management emphasized the importance of encouraging employees to work more efficiently.
FALSE; With the behavioral viewpoint, the emphasis was on the importance of understanding human behavior and motivating and encouraging employees toward achievement.
During a manager's meeting, Paula, a district manager, discussed how to handle sensitive employee issues, and indicated correctly that management is really just an art.
False: Management is also a science. Management can be approached deliberately, rationally, and systematically
Supporters of evidence-based management would say there are many really new ideas.
False: There are actually very few really new ideas- out of the new ideas, most are old, wrong, or both
According to Fayol, the major functions of management are planning, monitoring, leading, and motivating.
False; they are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, as well as coordinating.
Ali, a CEO of a large IT organization, understands that many challenges are coming in his industry; therefore, he tells his upper-level management that it's helpful to look at theoretical perspectives of management to help make predictions and develop principles to guide future company strategies and actions.
TRUE
Greg, the IT manager, feels that his employees lack the motivation to consistently meet department goals; therefore, the approach Greg and his supervisors need to take to better understand human actions to motivate their employees toward achievement is the ____ viewpoint.
behavioral
The 17 basic units of motion, identified by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, were named _____.
therbligs
A-Plus Manufacturing has a policy of using statistical sampling to locate errors by testing just some (rather than all) of the items in a particular production run. This strategy of minimizing errors is known as synergy
FALSE; Quality control is a strategy for minimizing errors by managing each state of production. Statistical sampling can locate errors by testing just some (rather than all) of the items in a particular production run.
The contingency viewpoint emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to—that is, be contingent on—costs and competition
FALSE; the contingency viewpoint emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to, or be contingent on, the individual and environmental situation
The five parts of a system are inputs, outputs, transformational processes, monitoring, and feedback
FALSE; the four parts of a system are inputs, outputs, transformational processes, and feedback
Through the rational management of resources and distribution of goods and services, scientific management helps ensure that business operations are efficient and effective.
FALSE; through the rational management of resources and distribution of goods and services, operations management helps ensure that business operations are efficient and affective
Peter Drucker, a famous 19th-century socialist, opposed capitalism and many current business theories.
False; Peter Drucker "was the creator and inventor of modern management," says management guru Tom Peters. In 1954, Drucker published his famous text, The Practice of Management.
Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert Sutton believed that evidence-based management is based on the belief that facing the hard facts about what works and having to accept the nonsense that passes for sound advice will help organizations perform better.
False; Stanford business scholars Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert Sutton stated that evidence-based management is based on the belief that "facing the hard facts about what works and what doesn't, understanding the dangerous half-truths that constitute so much conventional wisdom about management, and rejecting the total nonsense that too often passes for sound advice will help organizations perform better."
The Hawthorne studies succeeded in drawing attention to the importance of "social man" and how managers using good human relations could improve worker productivity.
TRUE; The Hawthorne studies succeeded in drawing attention to the importance of "social man" (social beings) and how managers using good human relations could improve worker productivity. This in turn led to the so-called human relations movement in the 1950s and 1960s.
The systems viewpoint of management regards the organization as systems of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.
TRUE; The systems viewpoint regards the organization as systems of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.
Umar, a general manager in a fast-food chain, has employees all under the age of 25, and most of his workers are good employees. However, Umar still believes his workers are irresponsible and lack ambition. Umar is a Theory X manager.
TRUE; Theory X represents a pessimistic, negative view of workers. In this view, workers are considered to be irresponsible, to be resistant to change, to lack ambition, to hate work, and to want to be led rather than to lead. Theory Y represents the outlook of human relations proponents, an optimistic, positive view of workers.
In our time, the word bureaucracy has come to have negative associations: impersonality, inflexibility, red tape, and a molasses-like response to problems.
TRUE; in our time, the would bureaucracy has come to have negative associations: impersonality, inflexibility, red tape, a molasses-like response to problems
When the Americans entered the war in 1941, they used the British model to form operations research teams to determine how to deploy troops, submarines, and equipment most effectively. These techniques have evolved into quantitative management.
TRUE; When the Americans entered the war in 1941, they used a successful statistical British model to form operations research (OR) teams to determine how to deploy troops, submarines, and other military personnel and equipment most effectively. OR techniques have since evolved into quantitative management.
The classical viewpoint of management emphasized ways to manage work more efficiently.
TRUE; The classical viewpoint of management emphasized finding ways to manage work more efficiently.
an open system continually interacts with its environment, so it receives feedback from the outside environment
TRUE; an open system continually interacts with its environment, so it receives feedback from the outside environment. A closed system has little interaction with its environment; that is, it receives very little feedback from the outside
Because there are some positive aspects of bureaucracy, as proposed by Max Weber, Tammy, a restaurant manager, is interested in implementing certain aspects of the bureaucratic approach to management within her restaurant. Like Weber, Tammy feels bureaucracy is a ____.
rational, efficient, ideal organization based on principles of logic
Management science focuses on using behavioral techniques to aid in problem solving and decision making.
FALSE; Management science stresses the use of rational, science-based techniques and mathematical models to improve decision making and strategic planning.