MGMT exam 2
What does it mean to be equitably treated according to equity theory, and how do employees respond to inequity?
according to Equity Theory of rewards are Equitable when a person's ratio of outcomes two inputs matches those of some relevant comparison other. unrewarded equity usually results in counterproductive behavior, over rewarded inequity results in inputs reevaluated in a more positive light
How does the Type A Behavior Pattern influence the stress process?
type A people tend to experience more stressors, appraise more demands as stressful, and are prone to experiencing more strains
Which job characteristics can create a sense of satisfaction with the work itself?
meaningfulness of work, responsibility for outcomes, knowledge of results
What specific facets do employees consider when evaluating their job satisfaction?
pay, promotions, supervision, coworkers, work itself, altruism, status, enviroment
What is psychological empowerment, and what four beliefs determine empowerment levels?
an intrinsic form of motivstion derived from the blief that ones work tasks are contributing to some larger purpose; meaningfulness, self-determination, competence, impact
What is job satisfaction?
a pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences
What is motivation?
a set of energetic forces that originates both within and outside an employee initiates work-related effort and determines its direction, intensity, and persistence
What three beliefs help determine work effort, according to expectancy theory?
according to expectancy Theory effort is directed towards behaviors when effort is believed to result in performance, performance is believed to result in outcomes and those outcomes are anticipated to be valuable
What two qualities make goals strong predicators of task performance, according to goal setting theory?
according to goal-setting Theory goes become strong divers of motivation and performance when they are difficult and specific., by increasing self-set goals and task strategies. these effect occur more frequently when employees are given feedback, tasks are not too complex, and goal commitment is high
What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
bc of high costs these practices include practices focusing reducing or eliminating stressors, providing resources that employees can use to cope w stressors, or trying to reduce strains
What are the four main types of work stressors?
challenge stressors (opportunities for growth and achievement), hindrance stressors (hurdles for goal achievement)
How do individual people cope with stress?
coping with stress involves thoughts and behaviors that address one of two goals: addressing the stressful demand or decreasing the emotional discomfort associated with the demand
What are values, and how do they affect job satisfaction?
employees in general are satisfied when their job provides the things they value. values are those things that people consciously or subconsciously want to seek or attain.
How does stress affect job performance and organizational commitment?
hindrance stressors (weak negative relationship with job performance and a strong negative relationship with organizational commitment) challenge stressors (weak positive relationship with job performance and a moderate positive relationship with organizational commitment)
How does job satisfaction affect job performance and organizational commitment? How does it affect life satisfaction?
job satisfaction has a moderate positive relationship with job performance and a strong positive relationship with organizational commitment and with life satisfaction
What are mood and emotions, and what specific forms do they take?
moods are states that last for a period of time because of no specific purpose, emotions are short cause of something that happened. emotional labor- need to manage emotions to get the job done and showing fake feelings
How does motivation affect job performance and organizational commitment?
motivation has a strong correlation with job performance and moderate correlation with organizational commitment
How is job satisfaction affected by day-to-day events?
rises and falls in job satisfaction are triggered by positive and negative events that are experienced, those events trigger changes in mood that eventually leads to change in emotion
What is stress, and how is it related than stressors and strains?
stress refers to the psychological response to demands when theres something at stake for the individual and coping with these demands would tax or exceed the individuals capacity or resources. stressors are the demands that cause stress and strains are the negative consequences of the stress response
What steps can organizations take to increase employee motivation?
use of compensation practices; individual focused elements (price-rate, lump sum bonuses) unit-focused elements (gain sharing) organization focused elements (profit sharing)
What steps can organizations take to assess and manage job satisfaction?
using JDI job descriptive index assessing pay satisfaction promotion satisfaction supervision satisfaction coworker satisfaction and satisfaction with the work itself. can be used to asses the level of job satisfaction experienced by employees and specific facet scores can identify interventions that could be helpful
