Mgmt Final
The win-lose attitude associated with which conflict-handling style causes many people to be disappointed and feel cheated with its use?
Compromising
Which of the following statements about conflict is accurate?
Conflict is perfectly normal
Workers who face discrimination in their jobs in the United States are best protected by ______ legislation.
EEO, The effort to reduce discrimination in employment based on racial, ethnic, and religious bigotry and gender stereotypes began with Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This established the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Commission, whose job it is to enforce antidiscrimination and other employment-related laws.
______ is defined as an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work.
Employee engagement
Members of a group that are asking "What's next?" are in the performing stage of team development. True or False.
False
The Abilene paradox is the tendency of people to go along with others in order to make requests of them in the future. True or False
False
The purpose of job investigation is to determine, by observation and analysis, the basic elements of a job. True or False?
False
Engagement is the process of locating and attracting qualified applicants for jobs open in the organization. True or False?
False Recruiting is the process of locating and attracting qualified applicants for jobs open in the organization.
According to acquired needs theory, managers with a high need for power may be less effective than those without it. True or False?
False, If you, like most effective managers, have a high need for power, that means you enjoy being in control of people and events and being recognized for this responsibility. But if you tend to seek social approval and satisfying personal relationships, you may have a high need for affiliation. In that case, you may not be the most efficient manager because at times you will have to make decisions that will make people resent you.
Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called/known as motivators. True or False?
False, Needs are defined as physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior.
Character is defined as those stable psychological and behavioral attributes that give you your identity. True or false
False, Personality consists of the stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his or her identity.
If you start a new job and find the description and criteria for promotion to be vague, role conflict has occurred. True or False?
False, Role ambiguity occurs when others' expectations are unknown. Example: You find your job description and the criteria for promotion vague, a complaint often voiced by newcomers to an organization.
The adaptive perspective assumes that an organization's culture must align with its business or strategic context in order to foster higher financial performance. True or False
False, The fit perspective assumes that an organization's culture must align, or fit, with its business or strategic context. A "correct" fit is expected to foster higher financial performance.
Which of the following theories is a process perspective, concerned with the thought processes by which people decide how to act?
Goal-setting theory
______ suggests that employees can be motivated by goals that are specific and challenging but achievable.
Goal-setting theory
Stereotyping the opposition, rationalization, and peer pressure are symptoms of
Groupthink
When physically attractive people are also assumed to be smarter and nicer, which perception distortion has occurred?
Halo effect
______ proposed that work satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from different sets of causes.
Herzberg's two-factor theory Herzberg's two-factor theory, which proposed that work satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from two different factors: work satisfaction from motivating factors and work dissatisfaction from hygiene factors.
The workers on the night shift at a manufacturing plant would be considered a(n) ______ team.
Production
Which motivational theory uses behavior modification?
Reinforcement theory
Members of a(n) ______ team are more likely to tolerate autocratic leadership, and therefore autocratic leadership is more common among teams of this nature.
Self managed.
In ______ teams, the traditional clear-cut distinction between manager and managed is blurred as nonmanagerial employees are delegated greater authority and granted increased autonomy.
Self-managed
Which of the following is included in the internal dimensions of diversity?
Sexual orientation
The tendency of people to exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone is known as social loafing. True or False
True
Human resource management consists of the activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop, and retain an effective workforce. True or False
True Human resource (HR) management consists of the activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop, and retain an effective workforce.
Suggestions for improvement, training new people, and care for organizational property are examples of organizational citizenship behaviors. True or False?
True, Organizational citizenship behaviors are those employee behaviors that are not directly part of employees' job descriptions, that exceed their work-role requirements. Examples include "such gestures as constructive statements about the department, expression of personal interest in the work of others, suggestions for improvement, training new people, respect for the spirit as well as the letter of housekeeping rules, care for organizational property, and punctuality and attendance well beyond standard or enforceable levels."
Fitting people to jobs is the modern approach to job design. True or False.
True.
Middle-aged male employees tend to have stable attitudes toward their work, even when they change jobs. True or False
True. In one study, researchers found that the attitudes of 5,000 middle-aged male employees toward their jobs were very stable over a five-year period. Men with positive attitudes tended to stay positive, those with negative attitudes tended to stay negative. More revealingly, even those who changed jobs or occupations generally expressed the same attitudes they had previously.
According to expectancy theory, your ______ is low if you don't think a bonus or raise is going to be big enough to justify working evenings and weekends.
Valence is value, the importance a worker assigns to the possible outcome or reward. Your valence might be low because you don't think the bonus or raise is going to be high enough to justify working evenings and weekends.
What portion of the organizational chart shows who reports to whom?
Vertical hierarchy of authority.
During the storming stage of group and team development, which of the following is most important for the team leader to encourage?
Voicing of disagreements
What is a conditions when would a manager create conflict to improve performance?
When there are many yes-people in the group.Constructive conflict, if carefully monitored, can be very productive under a number of circumstances: when your work group seems afflicted with inertia and apathy, it may result in low performance; when there's a lack of new ideas and resistance to change; when there seem to be a lot of yes-men and yes-women (expressing groupthink) in the work unit; when there's high employee turnover; or when managers seem unduly concerned with peace, cooperation, compromise, consensus, and their own popularity rather than in achieving work objectives.
The Pygmalion effect is also known as
a self-fulfilling prophecy.
For a manager, building an effective team requires work, but the payoff is
a stronger, better-performing work unit.
Women and minorities hired on the basis of ______ may feel stigmatized as unqualified and incompetent and experience lower job satisfaction and more stress than employees supposedly selected on the basis of merit.
affirmative action
If you have ______, your belief in the power of forces around you means that you may do best in a highly structured job that requires greater compliance.
an external locus of control
"I'm going to buy a Ford to support the U.S. auto industry" is an example of which component of attitude?
behavioral
A control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time is called a..
chain of command.
Organizations with ______ are the most likely to devote considerable resources to hiring and developing their employees, and view customers as partners.
clan cultures
Belittling the importance of the inconsistent behavior is one way to reduce
cognitive dissonance.
An advantage of ______ authority is that managers are encouraged to solve their own problems rather than buck the decision to a higher level.
decentralized. An advantage in having decentralized authority is that managers are encouraged to solve their own problems rather than to buck the decision to a higher level. In addition, decisions are made more quickly, which increases the organization's flexibility and efficiency.
Before applying, Jason read the job ______ for the available position, which said that the responsible party reviews contracts for technical accuracy and completeness, and tracks invoices against the executed contracts.
description
Work specialization is also known as
division of labor.
In a ______ organizational structure, people with diverse occupational specialties are put together in formal groups by similar products or service, customers or clients, or geographical regions.
divisional
A textile manufacturing company is closing a plant and permanently dismissing most of the employees who work there. When Kenneth lost his job in this way, it is known as a(n)
downsizing
A person who scores high on the ______ personality dimension is typically relaxed, secure, and unworried.
emotional stability
A(n) ______ focuses on self-responsibility, nutritional awareness, relaxation techniques, physical fitness, and environmental awareness.
employee assistance program A holistic wellness program focuses on self-responsibility, nutritional awareness, relaxation techniques, physical fitness, and environmental awareness.
You may compare your ratio of inputs to outputs to the ratio of others at your place of employment in a process described by ______ theory.
equity
The primary elements that determine how willing an employee is to work hard at tasks important to an organization, those that relate effort, performance, and outcomes, are
expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Your motivation, according to expectancy theory, involves the relationship between your effort, your performance, and the desirability of the outcomes (such as pay or recognition) of your performance. These relationships, which are shown in the following drawing, are affected by the three elements of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.
People often do volunteer work for the ______ rewards.
intrinsic
Baristas at a local coffee shop used to simply make the beverages ordered with a separate cashier. Recently, they were asked to take the orders and receive payments as well, helping a customer throughout a transaction. This change is considered
job enlargement.
Because of globalization and information technology, the United States no longer has an advantage in ________ workers.
knowledge
The most bureaucratic stage of the organizational life cycle is the ________ stage.
maturity. In the maturity stage, which is the final stage, the organization becomes very bureaucratic, large, and mechanistic. The danger at this point is lack of flexibility and innovation.
In two-tier wage contracts, ________ employees are paid less or receive lesser benefits than ________ employees.
new; veteran
Although ______ are typically unwritten and seldom discussed openly, they have a powerful influence on group and organizational behavior.
norms
An organization is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces..
of two or more people.
Computer-assisted instruction is most accurately defined as a form of...
off-the-job training.
Salaried executive, administrative, and professional employees are exempt from ______ rules.
overtime
In Alderfer's ERG theory, the desire to have meaningful relationships with people who are significant to us is called
relatedness needs.
In hostile environment sexual harassment, the person being harassed does not
risk economic harm from the harasser. In the hostile environment type of sexual harassment, the person being sexually harassed doesn't risk economic harm but experiences an offensive or intimidating work environment.
Applications, résumés, interviews, and employment tests are known as ______ tools.
selection
When much of her work was automated with a new computerized system, Jaycee became unsure of her ability to do her job. Tom, her boss, has been mentoring her to improve her
self-efficacy.
Edgar Schein defines organizational culture as a system of ______ that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members.
shared beliefs and values
Empathy and organizational intuition are a part of which emotional intelligence (EI) trait?
social awareness
The three vice presidents reporting to the CEO are known as the CEO's...
span of control.
Legal counsel in most organizations would be considered
staff personnel.Staff personnel have authority functions; they provide advice, recommendations, and research to line managers (examples: specialists such as legal counsels and special advisers for mergers and acquisitions or strategic planning).
A collection of five employees who are studying industry pay scales, with the goal of making recommendations for adjusting pay grades within their company, is known as a(n)
team
In horizontal design, ________ are used to improve collaboration and work on shared tasks by breaking down internal boundaries.
teams or workgroups
The number one reason people quit their jobs is their dissatisfaction with
their supervisors.
Advances in computer technology and networks have made it increasingly possible for a person to communicate with more than one manager, though this violates what principle?
unity of command.
When the two newly hired analysts compared notes, they found that their interviews had been quite different. Each was long and involved, but the content of the questions varied based on previous employment and education. They confirmed that this company used a(n) ______ interview.
unstructured, Like an ordinary conversation, an unstructured interview involves asking probing questions to find out what the applicant is like. There is no fixed set of questions asked of all applicants and no systematic scoring procedure.
Employers must consider an employment test's ______, whether or not it measures what it purports to measure and is free of bias.
validity, One legal consideration is the test's validity, whether the test measures what it purports to measure and is free of bias.
Compensation, recognition, and status are common ______ in the workplace.
values
Which of the five core job characteristics influences the psychological state of experienced responsibility for work outcomes?
Autonomy
Add the missing Chapter to this set.
Chap....10 i think
Which of the following is the most important factor that should be considered when building a group into an effective team?
Cohesiveness
Personality conflict is defined as interpersonal opposition based on personal dislike, disagreement, or differing styles. True or false
True
______ consists of negotiations between management and employees about disputes over compensation, benefits, working conditions, and job security.
Collective bargaining
For Tamsin, an accounting manager, her performance review at the end of the year included feedback from the three employees that work for her, her boss, another accounting manager, and even a few employees in other departments with whom she worked recently. This is an example of a ______feedback appraisal.
360-degree. In the 360-degree assessment, or 360-degree feedback appraisal, employees are appraised not only by their managerial superiors but also by peers, subordinates, and sometimes clients, thus providing several perspectives.
The final stage of group and team development is known as
Adjourning
______ enables workers to focus on doing more of the same task to increase productivity.
Job simplification
Which of the following is the best example of a mechanistic organization?
McDonald's. In a mechanistic organization, authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised. Mechanistic organizations, then, are bureaucratic, with rigid rules and top-down communication. This kind of structure is effective at McDonald's because the market demands uniform product quality, cleanliness, and fast service.
______ is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment.
Perception
______ can cause conflicts at work, make you feel fatigued all the time, and generate problems like insomnia, backaches, headaches, and chest pain.
Stress
The downside of a(n) ______ culture is that it may become resistant to change.
Strong
Lorelei frequently requests meetings between her team and counterparts in Portland. She often spots issues that will affect both groups and wants to work openly on coordination so there are no surprises for anyone. Lorelei plays a ______ role for her team.
Task
What is a definitions of ritual?
The activities and ceremonies, planned and unplanned, that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the life of an organization.
What is a true statement about organizational culture?
The organizational structure influences one another.
Intel's open seating arrangements combined with small conference rooms support its values of equality and innovation, which is an example of how an organization's physical design can help embed culture. True or false?
This is true, Physical design is among the 11 ways that organizational culture is embedded. Intel is experimenting with this design to embed its values of innovation while maintaining equality.
What is a function of organizational culture?
To facilitate collective commitment
______ refers to educating technical and operational employees in how to better do their current jobs.
Training
Pay for performance bases pay on one's results on the job. True or False?
True
A committee investigating the impacts of health care reform on the organization is an example of a(n)
formal group.
The purpose of the strategic human resource management process is to...
get optimal work performance to help realize the company's mission and vision. The purpose of the strategic human resource management process is to get optimal work performance to help realize company's mission and vision.
The metaphor for an invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from being promoted to top executive jobs is called the
glass ceiling.
The continuous cycle of improving job performance through goal setting, feedback and coaching, and rewards and positive reinforcement is known as
performance management.
According to the integrated model, motivation is affected by both contextual factors and ________ ones.
personal
Clothing and shelter are examples of ________ needs, according to Maslow.
physiological
Someone who is more apt to take initiative and persevere to influence the environment has a(n) ______ personality.
proactive
Devil's advocacy and the dialectic method are forms of
programmed conflict.
The application of negative consequences to stop or change undesirable behavior is known as
punishment.
