MGT 291 Chapter 3

sensory modality

a system that interacts with the environment through one of the basic senses. - Visual: learning by seeing - Auditory: learning by hearing - Tactile: learning by touching - Kinesthetic: learning by doing

individual differences

Personal attributes that vary from one person to another.

tolerance for risk

The degree to which a person is comfortable with risk and is willing to take chances and make risky decisions.

person-group fit

The extent to which an individual fits with the workgroup's and supervisor's work styles, skills, and goals.

locus of control

The extent to which one believes one's circumstances are a function of either one's own actions or of external factors beyond one's control.

person-job fit

The fit between a person's abilities and the demands of the job, and the fit between a person's desires and motivations and the attributes and rewards of a job.

person-vocation fit

The fit between a person's interests, abilities, values, and personality and a profession.

personality

The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another.

general self-efficacy

Your generalized belief that you will be successful at whatever challenges or tasks you might face.

general mental ability

the capacity to rapidly and fluidly acquire, process, and apply information.

Machiavellianism

- A trait causing a person to behave in ways to gain power and control the behavior of others. - More Machiavellian individuals tend to be rational and unemotional, may be willing to lie to attain their personal goals, put little emphasis on loyalty and friendship, and enjoy manipulating others' behavior.

the big five personality traits

- Agreeableness: the ability to get along with others. - Conscientiousness: Refers to an individual being dependable and organized. - Neuroticism: Characterized by a person's tendency to experience unpleasant emotions such as anger, anxiety, depression, and feelings of vulnerability. People with less neuroticism might be expected to better handle job stress, pressure, and tension. - Extraversion: The quality of being comfortable with relationships. - Openness: The capacity to entertain new ideas and to change as a result of new information.

Myers-Briggs framework

- Differentiation across four general dimensions 1. Extroversion (E) / Introversion (I) 2. Sensing (S) / Intuition (N) 3. Thinking (T) / Feeling (F) 4. Judging (J) / Perceiving (P) - Sixteen personality classifications result from the higher and lower positions of the general dimensions

self-esteem

- Our feelings of self-worth and our liking or disliking of ourselves. - Research suggests that self-esteem is strongly related to motivational processes such as specific self-efficacy, self-set goals, and effort as well as emotional processes, such as anxiety and regulating emotion.

realistic job previews

- Present both positive and potentially negative information to job candidates - Goal is not to deter candidates, but to: - Provide accurate information about job and organization - Build trust - Reduce turnover (especially from employees who quit because the job wasn't what they expected)

tolerance for ambiguity

- Reflects the tendency to view ambiguous situations as either threatening or desirable. - Being tolerant of ambiguity is related to creativity, positive attitudes toward risk, and orientation to diversity.

authoritarianism

- The belief that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems such as organizations. - For example, a person who is highly authoritarian may accept directives or orders from someone with more authority purely because the other person is "the boss."

person-organization fit

- The fit between an individual's values, beliefs, and personality and the values, norms, and culture of the organization. - Organizational values and norms that are important for person-organization fit include integrity, fairness, work ethic, competitiveness, cooperativeness, and compassion for fellow employees and customers.

information processing capacity

- the manner in which individuals process and organize information - affects task learning, performance, and ability to - process and organize information efficiently positively affected by general mental ability

Kolb's learning styles

1. Convergers: depend primarily on active experimentation and abstract conceptualization to learn. People with this style are superior in technical tasks and problems and inferior in interpersonal learning settings. 2. Divergers: depend primarily on concrete experience and reflective observation. People with this style tend to organize concrete situations from different perspectives and structure their relationships into a meaningful whole. 3. Assimilators: depend on abstract conceptualization and reflective observation. These individuals tend to be more concerned about abstract concepts and ideas than about people. 4. Accommodators: rely mainly on active experimentation and concrete experience, and focus on risk taking, opportunity seeking, and action. Accommodators tend to deal with people easily and specialize in action-oriented jobs, such as marketing and sales.

type A personality

Impatient, competitive, ambitious, and uptight.

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

Linguistic: words and language Logical-mathematical: logic and numbers Musical: music, rhythm, and sound Bodily-kinesthetic: body movement and control Spatial-visual: images and space Interpersonal: other people's feelings Intrapersonal: self-awareness

type B personality

More relaxed and easygoing and less overtly competitive than Type A.

workplace bullying

Repeated mistreatment of another employee through verbal abuse; conduct that is threatening, humiliating, or intimidating; or sabotage that interferes with the other person's work.

The five dimensions comprising emotional intelligence:

Self-awareness: being aware of what you are feeling Self-motivation: persisting in the face of obstacles, setbacks, and failures Self-management: managing your own emotions and impulses Empathy: sensing how others are feeling Social skills: effectively handling the emotions of others

emotional intelligence

is an interpersonal capability that includes the ability to perceive and express emotions, to understand and use them, and to manage emotions in oneself and other people.