MGT 301-Ch. 9
Job Analysis
determining the basic elements of a job by observation & analysis
Hostile Environment
doesn't risk economic harm but experiences an offensive or intimidating work environment; ex) hearing co-workers talk about sex
Other Tests
drug testing, polygraph, genetic screening
Turnover
employee abandons, resigns, retires, or is terminated from a job & the employer seeks to replace him or her
Attrition
employee retires or when the company eliminates his or her job, & the employer leaves the vacancy unfilled
360-Degree Assessment
employees are appraised not only by their managerial superiors but also by peers, subordinates, & sometimes clients; employee chooses evaluators who fill out anonymous forms; employees go over results with manager & together put in place a LT plan for performance goals
Disparate Treatment
employees from protected groups are intentionally treated differently
Closed Shop
employer may hire only workers for a job who are already in the union; illegal
Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act of 2010
employers with more than 50 employees must provide health insurance
Civil Rights Act, Title VII of 1964
prohibits discrimination on basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, or sexual orientation
Equal Pay Act of 1963
requires men & women be paid equally for performing equal work
Steps of Learning & Development Process
1. Assessment: is L&D needed? 2. Objectives: what should L&D achieve? 3. Selection: which L&D methods should be used? 4. Implementation: how should L&D be effected? 5. Evaluation: is the L&D working? then go back to step 2
Advantages of External Recruitment
1. applicants may have specialized knowledge & experience 2. applicants with fresh viewpoints
External Recruitment Methods
1. employee referals 2. e-recruitment tools (member directories, social media like LinkedIn, "dot-jobs" websites) 3. realistic job preview
Advantages of Internal Recruitment
1. employees show greater effort & loyalty; morale enhanced 2. cheaper 3. fewer risks
Disadvantages of External Recruitment
1. recruitment process = more expensive & takes longer 2. risks are higher bc persons hired are less well known
Disadvantages of Internal Recruitment
1. restricts the competition for positions & limits pool of fresh talent & viewpoints 2. may encourage employees to assume that longevity & seniority will automatically result in promotion 3. whenever job filled, vacancy created
Transfer
moving sideways; movement of an employee to a different job with similar responsibilities; may or may not mean a change in geographic locations
Promotion
moving upward to a higher-level position; three concerns (1) fairness, (2) nondiscrimination, & (3) other's resentment
Collective Bargaining
negotiations between management & employees about disputes over compensation, benefits, working conditions, & job security
Two-Tier Wage Contracts
new employees are paid less or receive lesser benefits than veteran employees
Unstructured Interview
no fixed set of questions & no systematic scoring procedure; involves asking problem questions to find out what the applicant is like
Labor Unions
organizations of employees formed to protect & advance their members' interests by bargaining with management over job-related issues
Discrimination
people are hired or promoted-or denied hiring or promotion-for reasons not relevant to the job
Layoffs
person being dismissed temporarily & may be recalled later when economic conditions improve
Firings
person is dismissed permanently "for cause": absenteeism, sloppy work habits, failure to perform satisfactory, breaking the law, etc.
Mediation
process in which a neutral third party, a mediator, listens to both sides in a dispute, makes suggestions, & encourages them to agree on a solution
Arbitration
process in which a neutral third party, an arbitrator, listens to both parties in a dispute & makes a decision that the parties have agreed will be binding
Recruitment
process of locating & attracting qualified applicants for jobs open in the organization; can be internal or external
Union Shop
workers aren't required to be union members when hired for a job but must join the union within a specified time
Open Shop
workers may choose to join or not join a union
Agency Shop
workers must pay equivalent of union dues, but aren't required to join the union
Luann is conducting a performance appraisal on Bill. The form her company uses asks her to list the objectives that she and Bill agreed to last year, and indicate how well he met each objective. Luann's company is using a(n) ________ system of performance appraisal. A. objective B. BARS C. trait D. informal
A. objective
Stan is constantly telling off-color jokes and using profanity in front of his administrative assistant. This could be considered a(n) A. difficult atmosphere B. hostile work environment C. intimidating surrounding D. quid pro quo situation
B. hostile work environment
Joe, a human resources specialist for Jersey Office Supplies Co., rides along with the furniture delivery people to observe the problems they were encountering and what activities they were required to perform. Joe was performing a A. personality test B. performance appraisal C. BARS D. job analysis
D. job analysis
Melanie scheduled a special interview with Gina before Gina was hired, in which Melanie painted a picture of both the positive and negative features of the job. Mel was performing a(n) A. structured interview B. unstructured interview C. performance appraisal D. realistic job preview
D. realistic job preview
Uber has worked to improve and safeguard its driver performance appraisal rating system, yet it still lacks some of the basic components of traditional employee performance management systems. Based on the case, which of the following is not part of Uber's performance appraisal system for drivers?
Rewards
Grievance
a complaint by an employee that management has violated the terms of the labor-management agreement
Exit Interview
a formal conversation to find out why an employee is leaving & to learn about potential problems in the organization
Downsizing
a permanent dismissal; no rehiring later
Human Resource Inventory
a report listing your organization's employees by name, education, training, languages, & other important information
As the number of Uber drivers grows at a rapid rate, the company benefits from the fact that one of the few hiring tests it needs to ensure drivers pass is already done for them—the driving test needed to receive a driver's license. In the framework of employment tests, which type of test(s) does a driving test qualify as?
ability & performance tests
Bullying
abusive physical, psychological, verbal, or nonverbal behavior that is threatening, humiliating, or intimidating
Affirmative Action
active recruitment from groups traditionally discriminated against; elimination of prejudicial questions in interviews; establishment of minority hiring goals
Performance Appraisal
aka performance review; consists of assessing an employee's performance (yearly) & providing feedback
Performance Tests
aka skills tests; measure performance on actual job tasks-so called job tryouts; may take place in an assessment center
Forced Ranking
all employees within a business unit ranked against one another & grades are distributed along a bell curve; top performers rewarded with bonuses & promotions; worst performers given warnings or dismissed
Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (HIPPA)
allows employees to switch health insurance plans when changing jobs & receive new coverage regardless of preexisting health conditions; prohibits group plans from dropping ill employees
Civil Rights Act of 1991
amends & clarifies Title VII, ADA, & other laws; permits suits against employers for punitive damages in case of intentional discrimination
Adverse Impact
an organization uses an employment practice or procedure that results in unfavorable outcomes to a protected class; ex) only hiring men
Structured Interview
asking each applicant the same questions & comparing their responses to a standardized set of answers; 2 types-situational & behavioral
Integrity Tests
assess attitudes & experiences related to a person's honesty, dependability, trustworthiness, reliability, & pro-social behavior
Part of the frustration by drivers, and the reason that some want to unionize, is that they don't receive all parts of a typical compensation package often given to employees. Based on the case, which is the only part of a typical compensation package that Uber's "business partners" do currently receive?
base pay
Dismissal
moving out of the organization through layoffs, downsizing, & firings
Objective Appraisal
based on facts & often numerical; measures desired results; harder to challenge legally: reduced personal bias
Subjective Appraisal
bases on a manager's perception of an employee traits & behaviors
Base Pay
basic wage or salary paid employees in exchange for doing their job
Off-the-job Learning & Development
classroom programs, workbooks, videos & games, & simulations
On-the-job Learning & Development
coaching, training positions, job rotation, & planned work activities
Incentives
commissions, bonuses, profit-sharing plans, & stock options
Strategic Human Resource Planning
consists of developing a systematic, comprehensive strategy for understanding current employee needs and predicting future employee needs
Human Resource Management (HRM)
consists of the activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop, & retain an effective workforce
Sexual Harassment
consists of unwanted sexual attention that creates an adverse work environment; violates Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act; two types: (1) quid pro quo & (2) hostile environment
Nondisparagement Agreement
contract that prohibits one party from criticizing the other; often used in severance agreement to prohibit former employees from criticizing their former employers
Job Specification
describes the minimum qualifications a person must have to perform a job successfully
National Labor Relations Board
enforces procedures whereby employees may vote for a union & collective bargaining
Occupational Safety & Health Act (OSHA) of 1970
establishes minimum health & safety standards in organizations
Behavioral Interview
explore what applicants have actually done in the past
Situational Interview
focuses on hypothetical situations
Realistic Job Preview
gives a candidate a picture of both the positive & negative features of the job & the organization before joining a firm
Privacy Act of 1974
gives employees legal right to examine letters of reference concerning them
Benefits
health insurance, dental insurance, life insurance, disability protection, retirement plans, holidays off, sick days & vacation days, recreation options, health club memberships, family leave, & discounts
Orientation
helping the newcomer fit smoothly into the job & the organization; designed to give employees the information they need to be successful
Sexual harassment can prevent people from performing their best due to making them feel uncomfortable or unsafe in their workplace. This means that the type of harassment alleged to be taking place against some Uber employees could negatively impact those employees'
human capital
Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007
increased federal minimum wage to $7.25 per hour on July 24, 2009
Quid Pro Quo
jeopardizes being hired or obtaining job benefits or opportunities unless he or she implicitly or explicitly acquiesces
Ability Tests
measure physical abilities, strengths & stamina, mechanical ability, mental abilities, & clerical abilities
Personality Tests
measure such personality traits as emotional intelligence, social intelligence, resilience, personal adaptability, & need for achievement; may include career-assessment tests
Onboarding
programs that help employees to integrate & transition to new jobs by making them familiar with corporate policies, procedures, cultures, & politics by clarify work-role expectations & responsibilities; aka employee socialization
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
prohibits discrimination against essentially qualified employees with physical or mental disabilities or chronic illness; requires "reasonable accommodation" be provided so they can perform duties
Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)
prohibits discrimination in employees over 40 years old; restricts mandatory retirement
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2003
prohibits employers from demoting or firing employees who raise accusations of fraud to a federal agency
Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS)
rates employee gradations in performance according to scales of specific behavior
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) of 1985
requires an extension of health insurance benefits after termination
Family & Medical Leave Act of 1993
requires employers to provide 12 weeks of unpaid leave for medical & family reasons, including for childbirth, adoption, or family emergency
Immigration Reform & Control Act of 1986
requires employers to verify the eligibility for employment of all their new hires (including U.S. citizens)
Selection Process
screening of job applicants to hire the best candidate; three components: (1) background information, (2) interviews, & (3) employment tests
Microlearning
segments learning into bite-size content, enabling a student to master one piece of learning before advancing to anything else
Performance Management
set of processes & managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, & providing consequences for performance expectations; ongoing
Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974
sets rules for managing pensions plans; provides federal insurance to cover bankrupt plans
Knowledge Worker
someone whose occupation is principally concerned with generating or interpreting information, as opposed to manual labor
Uber drivers' performance is currently rated by riders in their vehicles. This means that the performance appraisal they receive is primarily
subjective
Job Description
summarizes what the holder of the job does & how or why he or she does it
Human Capital
the economic or productive potential of employee knowledge, experience, & actions
Social Capital
the economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, & cooperative relationships
Givebacks
the union agrees to give up previous wage or benefit gains in return for something else, such as a no-layoff policy
Cost-of-Living Adjustment (COLA)
this is a clause during the period of the contract that ties future wage increases to increases in the cost of living
Discipline & Demotion
threat of moving downward; may be temporarily removed from their jobs; have his or her current responsibilities, pay, & perquisites taken away
Trait Appraisal
type of subjective appraisal; easy to create & use, but validity is questionable
Behavioral Appraisal
type of subjective appraisal; measure specific, observable aspects of performance; ex) BARS
Compensation
wages or salaries, incentives, & benefits